Trauma Exam 2- 31,32,33

Class II hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhagic trauma would be characterized by which amount of blood loss from a patient who weighs 154 pounds.

15% to 30%

Which of the following is the most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis?

Streptococcal bacteria

Which of the following factors directly affect cardiac output?

Stroke volume and pulse rate.

If you suspect internal bleeding during the primary assessment, you should:

keep the patient warm and administer oxygen.

Arterial bleeding may require how many minutes or more of direct pressure to form a clot?

5 minutes

A trauma patient with suspected internal hemorrhage and inadequate breathing requires:

ventilation assistance and rapid transport

Exsanguination

The loss of the total blood volume, resulting in death

After managing an internal hemorrhage, it is important to monitor and record vital signs at least every:

5 minutes.

Infants and children who experience hemorrhaging may have a normal blood pressure until they have lost what percentage of their blood volume?

50%

The initial stage of hemorrhagic shock is characterized by which of the following signs or symptoms?

Low circulating blood volume with minimal signs of hypoperfusion

Which of the following dressings should be used to treat an open injury to the neck?

Occlusive dressing

The swelling that occurs in conjunction with a contusion is caused by:

The swelling that occurs in conjunction with a contusion is caused by: leakage of fluid into spaces between the cells.

Decompensated shock in the adult is characterized by:

falling blood pressure.

Primary treatment in the prehospital setting for an abrasion involves:

Cover the wound lightly with a sterile dressing.

The first aspect to address in any patient with a soft-tissue injury is:

Scene safety

To avoid exsanguination from severe hemorrhaging of an extremity injury below the axilla or groin, a tourniquet should be applied in less than:

20 seconds.

When packing a wound, you should hold firm, direct manual pressure on the wound for at least:

A. 3 minutes.

Clinical signs of compensated shock

Agitation, Impending doom, Weak, rapid(thready) pulse, Clammy skin, cyanosis, short of breath, N/V, Normal BP

clinical signs of decompensated shock

Altered mental status, Hypotension, irregular breathing, Absent pulses, Ashen mottled, or cyanotic skin, diminished urine output, impending cardiac arrest.

Which of the following types of shock is caused by poor blood vessel function?

Anaphylactic

A patient exhibiting signs of shock has a markedly elevated respiratory rate, cold and pale skin, diminished urine output, and a thready pulse with heart rate of 125 beats/min. This patient would be characterized as being in which class of hypovolemic shock?

Class III

When applying a bandage to an open wound that does not have active bleeding, what should you do first?

Clean the wound.

Which component gives red blood cells their red color?

Hemoglobin

During the process of wound healing, hemostasis:

Is disrupted by abnormal or absent function.

Which of the following is true of bleeding from an open vein?

It is darker red in color.

When a part of a patient's body is completely avulsed, what is the priority?

Rinse off any debris on the amputated part using cool, normal saline or sterile water. Wrap the part loosely in saline-moistened sterile gauze. Seal the amputated part inside a plastic bag, and place it in a cool container (such as a refrigerator or polystyrene foam cooler). Keep it cold, but do not allow it to freeze. Never warm an amputated part. Never place an amputated part directly in water. Never place an amputated part directly on ice. Never use dry ice to cool an amputated part.

Upon assessing a patient who accidentally shot themselves with a nail gun, you see that the nail is still lodged in their foot. What is your priority when transporting the patient?

Secure the nail and do not remove it.

When a patient has multiple open wounds to an extremity, you should consider the use of which of the following to allow for constant pressure over large areas that may not be possible using hands alone?

Tourniquet/air splint

Which of the following bandages can be wrapped into an appropriate-sized strip to be used as a tourniquet?

Triangular bandage

The use of wet dressings in the field is usually limited to:

Used in burn care of superficial burns.

Much of the bleeding associated with Unsplinted fractures continues because:

bone ends will continue to move and destroy partially formed clots.

External bleeding would be the most difficult to control in a patient with a large laceration to the:

carotid artery.

If you suspect a skull fracture, you should:

cover the bleeding site loosely with a sterile gauze pad.

Most external hemorrhage can be controlled with a combination of:

direct pressure and pressure dressings.

The most significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is:

the period of time over which the blood is lost.