Trauma Prep Exam

Your patient is a 35-year-old man who has his leg trapped under a section of concrete from an industrial accident. While awaiting removal of the concrete, which type of IV fluid is indicated for administration to this patient?

Normal saline

When you are assessing someone with a gunshot wound from a rifle, which of the following is important to remember?

The zone of injury is larger than that expected with other types of weapons

Which of the following statements about the patient in neurogenic shock is NOT true?

Unopposed sympathetic nervous system stimulation results in generalized pallor and diaphoresis

When assessing the eyes of a patient with head trauma, you can tell the function of all the following cranial nerves, EXCEPT:

VII

Which level of trauma facility can provide neurosurgery, microsurgery, and care for multisystem trauma?

I

Which of the following types of fractures occurs pediatric age groups but not in adults?

greenstick

Which of the following best describes definitive care for the pregnant trauma patient with ongoing, significant hemorrhage?

immediate surgery

Which of the following has contributed most significantly to the decline in U.S. burn mortality?

improved building codes and construction and sprinkler and smoke detector use

Boyle's law states that ________ the pressure of a gas will ________ its volume.

increasing; decrease

The pain associated with skeletal fractures is transmitted by nerves in the:

periosteum

How much blood loss can occur in a third-trimester pregnant female before she will show signs or symptoms of hypovolemia?

30 percent

The cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem account for what percentage of the cranial volume?

80 percent

What percentage of drowning victims are male?

85

Bariatric patients are at greater risk for all of the following, EXCEPT:

bradycardia

In which of the following ways does the integumentary system prevent pathogens from entering the body?

by providing a barrier to the environment

Which of the following patients may have trauma to abdominal organs?1. A 30-year-old construction worker who fell from a second-story roof but managed to land on his feet2. A 17-year-old male with a gunshot wound to the right buttock3. A 50-year-old male with a stab wound 4 cm inferior to the right scapula4. A 45-year-old female restrained driver of an SUV with a moderate-speed frontal impact

1,2,3,4

To gain an appreciation for the potential for trauma from high-velocity projectiles, it is important to remember that the shock wave produced can exceed atmospheric pressure by up to _____ times.

100

Which of the following mechanisms may result in a conventional explosion?

All of these dust, fumes, natural gas

Which of the following findings indicates a progression from compensated shock to decompensated shock?

Altered mental status

You have arrived on the scene of a 17-year-old male patient with a gunshot wound to the thigh. Police are on the scene. There is significant ongoing hemorrhage from the wound. The patient is screaming for someone to help him. Which of the following should you do first?

Ask the police if they have searched the patient for weapons yet

Which of the following abdominal organs is the LEAST affected by the pressure wave associated with penetrating trauma?

Bowel

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arterial bleeding?

Clots quickly on its own

According to Jackson's theory of thermal wounds, which of the following zones has suffered the greatest damage?

Coagulation

Based on total body surface area and burn depth, you have determined that an 88-year-old woman has a moderate burn. Considering the age of the patient, this burn is classified as:

Critical

Which of the following is TRUE of the heat generated when electricity flows through the body?

Dry skin offers more resistance to electricity, generating more heat

Which of the following is NOT one of the major types of recreational vehicles involved in crashes?

Go-karts

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the permanent cavity created by penetrating trauma?

It is filled with disrupted tissues, some air, fluid, and debris

Which of the following is TRUE of the temporary cavity formed by penetrating trauma?

It is space indirectly created by a projectile as tissue moves rapidly away from its path

Which of the following best describes the incidence of pericardial tamponade?

It occurs in less than 2 percent of all patients with serious chest trauma

Which of the following accounts for the higher number of trauma deaths in the United States of America?

Motor vehicle crashes

Which of the following medications may be indicated in the treatment of a patient with a crush injury?

Sodium bicarbonate

Which of the following is defined as the volume of blood ejected from the heart with each beat?

Stroke volume

Which of the following is best described as "the area of contused tissue resulting from penetrating trauma that may be slow to heal due to disrupted blood flow and tissue damage"?

Temporary cavity

Which statement about ballistics is TRUE?

When a bullet yaws, it increases the damage

Which of the following patients' mechanisms of injury meets trauma triage criteria for transport to a trauma center?

a 9-year-old girl who fell 15 feet from the grandstand bleachers at a baseball game

Fish burns associated with electricity occur because:

air is highly resistant to the passage of electricity, generating intense heat

Your patient is a 19-year-old man who received a penetrating knife wound to his chest. On your arrival, he is lying supine with a visible chest wound that is bleeding slightly. You can hear the sucking sound of air moving in and out of the wound. This wound is best managed with:

an occlusive bandage sealed on three sides and open on the fourth side

The purpose of determining the mechanism of injury and the index of suspicion for the trauma patient at the same time is to allow you to:

anticipates your patient's injuries

Which of the following is the highest priority when managing a patient with bilateral closed femur fractures?

anticipating hypovolemia

What is the mechanism of TXA?

antifibrinolytic

Regarding the primary assessment of the patient with suspected traumatic brain injury, which of the following describes the best approach to assessing the patient's neurological functioning?

assessing the patient for level of consciousness and orientation to person, place, and time

Which of the following statements concerning blunt thoracic trauma in the pediatric population is most accurate?

children are less likely than adults to suffer rib fractures but more likely to have significant organ injury

Managing a laceration with arterial bleeding most often requires:

direct pressure

Which of the following occurs during the onset of inspiration?

intrathoracic pressure decreases and venous return to the heart is facilitated

Which of the following most accurately characterizes simple pneumothorax?

it results from air entering the pleural cavity through a defect in the chest wall

The location of the neurovascular bundles containing the intercostal arteries is best described as the bundle that runs along the:

lower rib margin of the associated rib

A reflex that occurs when a person dives into cold water in which his breathing is inhibited, his heart rate becomes bradycardic, and vasoconstriction occurs is known as the:

mammalian diving reflex

Which of the following patients fit the criteria for application of spinal precautions in the prehospital setting?

none of these

Your patient is a 22-year-old female assault victim. She has blunt trauma to the face with swelling around the right eye and zygomatic area. Upon assessing her eye movement, you note that the right eye cannot follow your finger and does not move. Which of the following MOST likely explains this finding?

she has a fracture of the orbit that has trapped the extrinsic eye muscles

Which of the following is MOST likely to occur as a result of rapid deceleration without actual contact between the patient's body and the interior of the vehicle?

shearing injury of the liver

The substance within the body that is responsible for preventing atelectasis is:

surfactant

Which of the following mechanisms causes indirect brain injury?

systemic hypotension combined with increasing intracranial pressure

The elderly patient in shock may be less likely to exhibit which of the following expected manifestation of shock?

tachycardia

Recent research has provided assistance of which of the following regarding spinal injury assessment?

there are reliable criteria for determining the likelihood of spinal injury

The difference in temperature between the environment and the body is known as the:

thermal gradient