Trauma to the Head, Neck, and Spin Ch 29
Which of the following would be least likely to cause a spine injury? A- A motor vehicle or motorcycle collision B- A fall that causes open fractures to the ankles C- A trauma patient who is found unconscious D- A fall from two times the patient's height
D- A fall from two times the patient's height
Before and after immobilization, the EMT should assess: A- Pulses in all extremities B- Motor function in all extremities C- Sensation in all extremities D- All of these
D- All of these
You are treating a patient who fell backward and struck his head. You suspect that he is developing increase ICP. The time it takes to develop the symptoms from and increased ICP depend on: A- The rate of bleeding into the head B-The location of the bleed C- The age of the patient D- All of these
D- All of these
If a patient is found on her back with arms extended above the head, this may indicate a ______ spine injury. A- Thoracic B- Lumbar C- Sacral D- Cervical
D- Cervical
You are treating a 32 year old female who was not wearing a helmet and struck her head when she fell off her bike. In most EMS systems, she would be taken to a trauma center if her Glasgow Coma Scale score was less than: A- 8 B- 10 C- 12 D- 15
A- 8
Which of the following is a late sign of skull or traumatic brain injury? A- A temperature increase (fever) B- Bleeding from the nose C- Slow breathing D- Constricted pupils
A- A temperature increase (fever)
You are treating a 52 year old male who was involved in a serious high speed collision. If the patient is up and walking around the scene, you should: A- Assess for a potential spinal injury B- Check with medical direction for orders C- Check with bystanders about the patient's mental status D- Assume that the patient is uninjured
A- Assess for a potential spinal injury
If a responsive patient has the mechanism of injury for a spinal injury, the EMT should do all of the following except: A- Assess for spinal pain by asking the patient to move B- Keep the patient still while asking him or her questions C- Assess the equality of strength in the extremities D- Assess for tingling in the extremities
A- Assess for spinal pain by asking the patient to move
You suspect that your 41 year old female patient may have a traumatic brain injury after a significant blow to the head. Her signs and symptoms may include: A- Blood or fluid flowing from the ears and/or nose B- Yellow discoloration in the eyes C- Bruising around the base of the nose D- Pain at the base of the neck
A- Blood or fluid flowing from the ears and/or nose
After performing the primary assessment and rapid trauma examination on a spine injury patient, your next step is to: A- Determine the patient's priority B- Administer high-concentration oxygen C- Immobilize the patient on a long spine board D- Determine the mechanism of injury
A- Determine the patient's priority
a 65 year old man was doing some work on his roof when he lost his footing and fell to the ground, approximately 15 feet. He is unconscious but his respirations are normal. You note an obviously angulated left leg. You are more concerned about a possible head injury. Which of the following would indicate a possible head injury? A- Increased blood pressure B- GCS of 15 C- Constricted pupils D- Increased pulse rate
A- Increased blood pressure
When immobilizing a 6 year old or younger child on a long backboard: A- Provide padding beneath the shoulder blades B- It is unnecessary to apply a cervical collar C- Place a chin cup or chin strap on the patient D- Secure the head first and then secure the torso
A- Provide padding beneath the shoulder blades
When assessing a suspected spine injured patient, you note a reversal of the normal breathing pattern. This is likely a result of damage to the nerves that control the: A- Rib cage B- Diaphragm C- Abdomen D- Lungs
A- Rib cage
Which of the following measures is not appropriate for a patient with a significant isolated head injury? A- Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard B- Keep the patient from becoming overheated C- Try to keep the patient from being agitated D- Control bleeding from head wounds
A- Treat for shock by elevating the foot of the backboard
Of the following patients, which injury is the highest priority to receive BVM ventilations? A- 25 year old female victim of battery who is awake but complains of a headache and has blood fluid draining B- 15 year old female who was ejected from a vehicle, struck her head on a tree, and displays decerebrate movements in response to painful stimuli C- 25 year old male who regained consciousness one or two minutes after being struck on the head by a baseball bat and is not asking repetitive questions D- 70 year old male who struck his head when he fell in the parking lot, has a large laceration on his forehead, and is disoriented
B- 15 year old female who was ejected from a vehicle, struck her head on a tree, and displays decerebrate movements in response to painful stimuli
You are treating a 45 year old female who was involved in a high speed car crash. You have decided to use the rapid extrication technique, which is typically used in all of the following situations except when: A- Moving a patient rapidly from an unsafe scene B- A stable, low priority patient must be immobilized C- More seriously injured patients must be accessed D- Moving a high priority patient
B- A stable, low priority patient must be immobilized
Skull or traumatic brain injury may result in: A- Airway swelling and dizziness B- Altered mental status and unequal pupils C- Difficulty moving below the waist D- Headache and hypoperfusion
B- Altered mental status and unequal pupils
Your patient is a 19 year old male who was involved in a motorcycle crash. You should consider keeping his helmet on the patient: A- If it interferes with breathing management B- If it has a snug fit that allows no head movement C- By using a two-rescuer procedure D- If it hinders immobilization
B- If it has a snug fit that allows no head movement
What is the significance of an increase in carbon dioxide in the inured brain? A- It decreases the blood pressure B- It causes brain tissue swelling C- It raises the heart tissue D- It causes brain tissue shrinkage
B- It causes brain tissue swelling
The patient does not complain of any spinal pain. It is important to remember that a lack of spinal pain does not rule out the possibility of spinal cord injury because: A- Spinal injuries seldom cause pain B- Other painful injuries may mask it C- Spinal injuries not painful until shock sets in D- A patient may feel the pain but not be able to verbalize it
B- Other painful injuries may mask it
You are treating a 19 year old female who was found at the bottom of a stairway in a pool of blood. Her face has multiple fractures, her nose is broken, and her jaw may be fractured. The primary concern for emergency care of a facial fracture or jaw injury is the: A- External bleeding B- Patient's airway C- Loss of teeth D- Basilar skull fracture
B- Patient's airway
The function of the spinal column is to: A- Produce cerebrospinal fluid B- Protect the spinal cord C- Allow for back movement in all directions D- Manufacture platelets
B- Protect the spinal cord
Which of the following is controlled by the left side of the brain? A- Sensation in the left arm B- Sensation of the right leg C- Movement of both lower extremities D- Movement of the left arm
B- Sensation of the right leg
You are assessing a 27 year old male who you suspect has a spine injury. If he complains of pain when you attempt to place his head in a neutral in-line position, you should: A- Pad the neck before immobilizing B- Steady the head in the position found C- Continue with the stabilization procedure D- Contact medical direction immediately
B- Steady the head in the position found
The spine is made up of ____ vertebrae. a. 35 b. 23 c. 33 d. 38
C- 33
You are treating a 22 year old female who was assaulted with a knife. The attacker slashed the patient's throat. Initially, there was considerable blood, but you were able to control it and bandage the wound. The patient went into sudden cardiac arrest. What is the most likely cause? A- A stroke B- A heart attack C- An air embolism D- Infection from the wound
C- An air embolism
On your size up of an automobile collision, you notice that both sides of the windshield have a spiderweb crack. It is wise to call for a backup ambulance because: A- Every collision should have a two ambulance response B- Patients hitting their heads on the windshield will be critical C- Both the driver and the passenger will require spinal injury treatment D- It takes four EMS personnel to properly immobilize one patient
C- Both the driver and passenger will require spinal injury treatment
Which of the following is a potential complication of hyperventilating a patient with a brain injury? A- Increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood B- Increasing the blood flow to the brain C- Decreasing blood flow to the brain D- Decreasing the patient's blood pressure
C- Decreasing blood flow to the brain
When the spine is excessively pulled, which commonly occurs during a hanging, this is called a(n) ______ injury. A- Excessive rotation B- Lateral bending C- Distraction D- Compression
C- Distraction
You are assessing a 38 year old male who was struck on the head with a beer bottle in a bar fight. When a patient has a scalp injury, the EMT should: A- Expect minimal bleeding B- Determine the wound depth C- Expect profuse bleeding D- Palpate the site with the fingertips
C- Expect profuse bleeding
Which of the following is generally not a sign of traumatic brain injury, except in infants? A- Bleeding from the nose and ears B- Unequal pupils C- Hypoperfusion D- Seizures
C- Hypoperfusion
If a stable 22 year old male patient is found in a sitting position on the ground and is complaining about back pain, the EMT should: A- Apply cervical collar and rapidly transport the patient B- Ask the patient to lie down, then immobilize C- Immobilize with a short spine board or extrication vest D- Perform a rapid take-down procedure with a long spine board
C- Immobilize with a short spine board or extrication vest
Your 45 year old male patient fell down the stairs and may have injured his spine. Examples of findings that may lead you to consider a spine injury include all of the following except: A- The presence of priapism B- The loss of bladder control C- An increased pulse rate D- Nerve impairment to the extremities
C- Increased pulse rate
Which of the following statements about the rigid cervical collar is false? A- A collar of an incorrect size can hyperextend the neck B- Maintain manual stabilization when applying a rigid cervical collar C- The collar completely eliminates neck movement D- The collar should never obstruct the airway
C- The collar completely eliminates neck movement
You are treating a 35 year old male who has an injury to one of his spinal vertebrae. On the basis of the frequency of injury, the injured vertebra is most likely one of the ______ vertebrae. A- Lumbar and sacral B- Thoracic and cervical C- Coccygeal and thoracic D- Cervical and lumbar
D- Cervical and lumbar
All of the following are examples of cervical spine injuries that can result from a diving accident except: A- Excessive extension B- Compression C- Excessive flexion D- Lateral bending
D- Lateral bending
You are called for a man who is not acting right. His wife says he was outside working in the garden but didn't come in for lunch when he was called. She went to check on him and found him sitting next to a stump, confused. Your assessment shows a pulse rate of 58, blood pressure of 186/82, respirations of 16, and one of his pupils is dilated. You are unable to detect any signs of trauma and you don't see any obvious indication that he has fallen. You should suspect a(n): A- Closed head injury B- Open head injury C- Insecticide poisoning D- Nontraumatic brain injury
D- Nontraumatic brain injury
You are treating a 45 year old male construction worker who has a steel rod penetrating his skull. You should: A- Shorten the lengthy objects, using any available tools B- Elevate the patient's legs immediately C- Remove the object and quickly control the bleeding D- Stabilize the object with bulky dressings
D- Stabilize the object with bulky dressing