traumatology

Therapeutic intensities of ultrasound range from:

0.25-2.0 W/cm2

Standards for protective eye wear are established by the

ASTM

Which of the following are examples of radiant energy transfer?

IV. shortwave diathermy V. microwave diathermy

Ensuring that a prophylactic knee brace provides proper support would be part of which of the following domains of the BOC Role Delineation Study?

Injury/illness prevention and wellness protection

_____ has established minimum standards for football helmets and their use.

NOCSAE

The organization that defines impact standards for football and baseball/softball helmets is the

National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment

Which model suggests that there are stages of grieving through which an individual progresses when confronted with loss?

Stage Perspective by Kubler-Ross

Range of motion is measured quantitatively with

a goniometer

A runner reports with chronic shin pain. Upon observation the athletic trainer notes that the athlete has overpronation on the affected leg. What type of shoe should be suggested for this athlete?

a shoe with greater control on the medial side

Which of the following groups has a higher incidence of overuse injuries?

adult athlete

Evaluating an injury depends on a strong background in

all of the above

In the absence of the athletic trainer, it is the responsibility of the coach to

all of the above

In fitting football shoulder pads, a player's chest size is determined by circumference measurements made

at the nipple line

An intraoral mouth guard is required in each of the following interscholastic and intercollegiate sports except:

basketball

Collagen is the major component of all but which of the following tissues?

bone

Individuals diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis often use this type of brace to protect the elbow

counterforce brace

Which of the following professionals should be available to provide immediate support to the primary sports medicine team?

dentist

Which of the following is a cognitive sign/symptom of anxiety in rehabilitation?

extreme thinking and unrealistic expectations

A posture examination can assess general motor function and rule out injury at other joints that may be overlooked because of intense pain at the primary injury site.

false

Accessory movement can be detected by manipulating the joint in the close-packed position.

false

Active range of motion distinguishes injury to contractile tissues from injury to noncontractile tissues.

false

An instrument used to measure active and passive range of motion at a joint is called a dynamometer.

false

Failure to provide a legal duty of care can result in litigation under malpractice law.

false

Pulsed ultrasound is used primarily to elicit thermal and nonthermal effects in elevating deep tissue temperature.

false

Refraction occurs when a wave strikes an object and is bent away from the material.

false

Running shoes need to be more cushioned and flexible in the heel region to absorb shock and more rigid in the forefoot to prevent excessive pronation.

false

Scar tissue is fibrous, elastic, and highly vascular and thus is just as functional as the original tissue.

false

Stress is the amount of deformation an object undergoes in response to an applied force.

false

An incomplete fracture cause by bending and torsional loads is a:

greenstick fracture

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with red skin color?

heart failure

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of psychological distress?

heightened focus and concentration

Materials that absorb more energy from high-impact intensity levels through deformation are called

high-density materials

The introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs through the skin with ultrasound is called:

iontophoresis

The amount of "give" within a joint's supportive tissue is termed

laxity

. Permission granted by the government for an individual to practice a profession is termed

licensure

Which of the following tests are recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics as a routine part of the PPE?

no laboratory tests are recommended

Application of elastic wraps should begin with the body part in a

position of maximum muscle contraction

Which of the following is NOT part of the neurological examination within the PPE?

precordial auscultation

Which of the following activities can be used to measure strength?

sit-ups

The advantages of having an individual's primary care physician administer a PPE include all of the following except:

the cost of the exam

Accessory movements accompany traditional active and passive range of motion but cannot be voluntarily performed by the individual.

true

Acute care of soft tissue injuries includes application of crushed ice directly to the skin for 30-40 minutes.

true

Along with primary deficits such as weakness or pain, secondary factors such as problems associated with prolonged immobilization or lack of intervention should be organized into a priority list of concerns and be recorded in the assessment part of the SOAP note.

true

An advantage of isokinetic training is that a muscle group can be exercised to its maximum potential throughout the full range of motion.

true

Each time a force acts on an object, acceleration and deformation occur.

true

Immobilization for more than 2 weeks may lead to joint adhesions that inhibit muscle fiber regeneration.

true

In tendons, the collagen fibers are arranged in a parallel pattern, enabling resistance of high, unidirectional tensile loads when the attached muscle contracts.

true

Joint congruity can be enhanced through closed kinetic chain exercises.

true

Mental skills techniques have been successful for enhancing performance as well as with facilitating recovery from injury.

true

The Golgi tendon organs fail to fire during ballistic stretching, leading to microscopic tears of the muscle tissue.

true

The higher currents used with interferential treatments lower skin resistance, thus eliciting a stronger response with lower current intensity.

true

The introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs through the skin with ultrasound is called iontophoresis.

true

The results of a manual muscle test are negated if the contraction causes pain.

true

The risk of injury, being injured, rehabilitation demands, and career ending injuries have unique stressors specific to sport.

true

White coat syndrome is a term used to identify hypertension due to anxiety.

true

_____ stimulates nerve endings and causes pain during the vasodilation phase of inflammation.

Bradykinin

Ice hockey helmets must meet minimum impact standards and carry the stamp of approval from the

Canadian Standards Association

An excellent tool for visualizing the CNS, musculoskeletal system and cardiovascular system is a(n)

MRI

Joint mechanoreceptors sensitive to the intra-articular pressure and stretching of the joint capsule are called:

Ruffini's corpuscles

A therapeutic treatment that elicits a local vasoconstriction-vasodilation fluctuation to reduce edema is known as:

contrast bath

The ability to embrace diversity by learning new patterns of behavior and effectively applying them in appropriate settings is referred to as

cultural competence

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs aid healing by:

decreasing the sensitivity of pain receptors

Which of the following is a pain reduction technique?

deep breathing

Having only one paired organ is a condition that warrants automatic disqualification of an individual from all sports that involve contact or impact.

false

Pain that occurs before the end of the available range of motion indicates a chronic injury.

false

Partial paralysis of a muscle leading to a weakened contraction is called paresthesia.

false

The completion of a dental examination as part of the PPE is considered optional.

false

Questions concerning kidney disease, hernia, sexually transmitted disease, and albuminuria should be addressed in the

genitourinary examination

Examples of high-density material include orthoplast, thermoplast, fiberglass, and plaster.

true

Failure of the athletic trainer to provide sport participants with information pertaining to the potential risks involved in participation could result in litigation.

true

Following ligament repair or reconstructive surgery, functional braces may be used to reduce repetitive low loads during activities of daily living.

true

Goal setting is an effective strategy shown to increase motivation during the recovery program

true

Heat can alter the effectiveness of shock absorption in the liner and some shell materials, which results in absorbing less shock at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures.

true

History of syncope, dizziness, shortness of breath and chest pains is part of the cardiac history.

true

In fitting crutches, the hand grips should be placed at a height that allows the elbow to be flexed about:

30 degrees

A single application of cold should not extend beyond:

30-45 minutes

Movements within the joint that cannot be voluntarily performed by the individual are called

accessory movements

The use of __________ prior to tape application will permit nonelastic tape to stick better to the skin.

adherent

Factors that should be measured in assessing an individual's fitness level include all of the following except

anaerobic capacity

. Malfeasance is defined as

committing an act that is not one's responsibility to perform

Remodeling of bone tissue involves osteoblast activity on the _____ side of the fracture.

concave

Which of the following are physiologic effects of cryotherapy?

decreased metabolism, nerve conduction, and pain perception

Which of the following is not a thermal effect of ultrasound?

increased cell membrane permeability

extreme thinking and unrealistic expectations

rushed speech

When applying a taping technique for arch support, the patient's foot should be placed in a position of

slight plantar flexion

In removing non-elastic tape, it is important to

stabilize the skin while pulling the tape in the direction of natural hair growth

Following a review of the PPE, most physicians base recommendations for level of participation based on guidelines established by the

American Academy of Pediatrics

An athlete is down on the field with a possible head/neck injury. An athletic trainer, team physician, neurologist, and EMT are on the field caring for the injured athlete. Who should be in charge of moving and transporting the injured athlete?

EMT

According to the NCAA, which of the following does NOT need to be included in an athlete's medical record?

drug testing results

Bicycle helmets have some protective effect against serious upper facial injuries and against axial compressive loading on the cervical spine.

false

Collagenous scar formation is more efficient and tolerant of tensile forces than the original mature tissue.

false

Dense foam over a bruised area will not absorb high-level impact forces as effectively as softer foam.

false

Following an injury, early motion through partial weight-bearing exercise can interfere with proper joint lubrication.

false

Force acting along the long axis of a structure is termed tensile force.

false

High-velocity, low-impact forces occur when a football running back is tackled to the ground by a defensive player.

false

If flexibility assessment reveals lower extremity laxity, it can be assumed that laxity will be present in the upper extremity.

false

In assessing blood pressure, the stethoscope should be placed over the radial artery in the cubital fossa.

false

In most acute sports-related injuries, pain is initiated by chemosensitive nociceptors.

false

Moderate hypertension in the presence or absence of organ disease should automatically disqualify a n individual from playing collegiate football.

false

Nonelastic wraps are equally as effective as nonelastic tape in providing support for an individual returning to play after a mild ankle sprain.

false

The effectiveness of a football face guard depends on the strength of the guard itself, the helmet attachments, and the two-point chin strap on the helmet.

false

The musculoskeletal examination is the most important component of the PPE.

false

Use of lumbar belts or binders can support the low back in a more vertical lifting posture by significantly decreasing intra-abdominal pressure, which in turn reduces compressive forces on the vertebral bodies.

false

When applying tape, areas sensitive to friction should be covered with additional tape adherent.

false

A situation in which danger is apparent, or should have been apparent, resulting in an unreasonable unsafe condition is called

foreseeability of harm

Which of the following mental skill techniques is used to enhance performance?

imagery

Information pertaining to which of the following is NOT included in the assessment component of SOAP notes?

immediate treatment

. What is the optimal time for beginning therapeutic exercise following surgery or an injury?

immediately after

Manufacturers of athletic equipment have a duty to provide equipment that will not cause injury when used for its' intended purpose. This is termed

implied warranty

The plantar fascia is an example of a(n):

ligament

Hypermobile individuals tend to be more susceptible to

ligament sprains

An individual has sustained an acute ankle sprain. The force producing this injury is:

macrotrauma

In assessing a potentially serious neck injury, an athletic trainer removed the helmet of the injured athlete. What type of legal liability could result from the athletic trainer's actions?

malfeasance

Decorticate rigidity is posturing characterized by

marked extension of the legs and marked flexion of the elbows, wrists, and fingers

Which of the following is an emotional sign/symptom of anxiety in rehabilitation?

moodiness

An athletic trainer suspects that a football player has a neck injury but does not use a rigid backboard to stabilize the individual. What type of legal liability could result from the athletic trainer's actions?

nonfeasance

Which of the following best describes stage 2 tendinitis?

pain during activity that does not restrict performance

Knee braces that provide absolute or relative immobilization are called

rehabilitative

The risk of litigation can be reduced by all of the following EXCEPT:

requiring coaches to purchase insurance

If a more effective correction of biomechanical malalignment at the foot is desired, the device that should be recommended is a(n):

rigid orthotics

Ethical responsibilities that guide one's actions and promote high standards of conduct are called

standards of professional practice

Under normal conditions, which of the following nerves would be the first to be stimulated by an electrical current?

superficial large-diameter nerve

Ligamentous injuries are usually caused by a _______.

tensile force

Which of the following best illustrates a symptom?

tinnitus

A wrong done by an individual whereby the injured party seeks a remedy for damages is called a(n)

tort

A risk of suicide as assessed by a licensed mental health professional warrants immediate attention consistent with the emergency intervention protocol.

true

Aneroid gauges on blood pressure cuffs should be calibrated every 6 months against a mercury manometer.

true

Application of the "Good Samaritan" laws assumes that no financial compensation was to be received by the individual providing care.

true

Bradykinin increases vessel permeability and stimulates the nerve endings to cause pain.

true

Diathermy uses high-frequency sound waves to elicit thermal and nonthermal effects in deep tissues.

true

During the acute inflammatory phase, heparin is released into the injured area and acts as an anticoagulant, which results in increased swelling.

true

Ideally, the PPE should be done 6 weeks before the start of any practice session.

true

If a nerve is injured, pain or a change in sensation can be felt along the length of the nerve root.

true

The routine use of prophylactic knee braces (PKBs) has not been proven effective in reducing either the number or severity of knee injuries.

true

The starting point of an elastic wrap is distal to the injury site .

true

Using traditional patient-centered helper skills have been shown to be effective with establishing a working relationship with patients relative to psychosocial concerns.

true

When a nerve is loaded in tension, the nerve fibers tend to rupture prior to the rupturing of the surrounding connective tissue sheath.

true

During ultrasound applications, the total area covered should be:

two to three times the size of the ultrasound transducer head for every 5 minutes of exposure

A physician has prescribed superficial thermotherapy for an individual who has sustained a quadriceps strain. Which of the following would you choose to use according to the prescription?

ultrasound

Dilated pupils are associated with each of the following conditions except

use of opiate-based drug

Which of the following is not an example of a plyometric exercise?

using a StairMaster

Which of the following is not an open kinetic chain exercise?

wall push-up

Applying ice, compression, and elevation to an acute injury decreases injury to the

zone of secondary injury