trevecca bio exam 4

Select the correct statement(s) about angiosperm seeds.

An angiosperm seed contains structures contributed by three generations of plants.

Select the correct statement describing feedback control in animals

An animal may be a regulator for one environmental variable but a conformer for another.

Which of these represents the female gametophyte generation of an angiosperm?

An embryo sac

Which of these structures is/are produced by fertilization of egg and sperm?

An embryonic sporophyte

Plants and animals respond differently to the environment. Which statement most accurately compares the responses of plants and animals to changes in their environment?

Animals tend to respond to changes in their environment by movement; plants tend to respond to changes in their environment by growth.

Which tissue(s) make(s) up the bark of the woody stem shown here?

Both secondary phloem and periderm

BLANK develop where only C genes are active.

Carpels

Which of these represents the male gametophyte generation of an angiosperm?

Cells within a pollen grain

Secondary growth produced by the BlANK is unidirectional due to cells being added only to the outside of the cambium layer.

Cork Cambrium

Select the correct statement about double fertilization in the angiosperm life cycle.

Double fertilization produces a diploid sporophyte and a triploid endosperm.

Which statement about endotherms and ectotherms is correct?

Ectotherms are more abundant and diverse than endotherms.

A simple squamous epithelium is a thin, single layer of platelike cells. This tissue structure is associated with which of the following functions?

Enabling the exchange of gases and other materials by diffusion

How do endotherms and ectotherms differ?

Endotherms and ectotherms differ in the means by which they regulate their body temperature

What is the main purpose of secondary growth in a woody stem?

It makes the stems and roots thicker.

In angiosperms, each pollen grain produces two sperm. Which of the following statements correctly identifies what these sperm do?

One fertilizes an egg, and the other combines with two polar nuclei, which develop into stored food cells (endosperm).

During fertilization, the pollen tube discharges two sperm nuclei into the female gametophyte, where double fertilization occurs. Which two cells are fertilized and what do they develop into?

One sperm nuclei combines with two polar nuclei in the central cell, forming the 3n endosperm. One sperm nuclei fertilizes the egg cell, forming the zygote.

Select the best description of the significance of the meristems of plants.

Plant meristems are permanently embryonic regions within the plant body.

BLANK is accomplished by groups of undifferentiated cells at the tips of the roots and shoots called BLANK meristems.

Primary Growth . . . apical

In a species showing sporophytic incompatibility, which type(s) of pollen could successfully fertilize an S2S3flower?

S1 pollen from an S1S1 flower

BLANK is accomplished by two cylinders of dividing cells called BLANK meristems

Secondary growth ... lateral

BLANK develop where only A genes are active.

Sepals

Select the correct statement about plant growth.

A plant may produce juvenile and adult leaves at the same time.

With respect to sexual reproduction, some plant species are fully self-fertile, others are fully self-incompatible, and some exhibit a "mixed strategy" with partial self-incompatibility. These reproductive strategies differ in their implications for evolutionary potential. How, for example, might a self-incompatible species fare as a small founder population or remnant population in a severe population bottleneck, as compared with a self-fertile species?

The self-fertile species may be advantageous because they may survive as an extremely small population. However, in the long term, the self-incompatible species may be advantageous because self-incompatibility preserves or even increases genetic diversity.

Other than the transport of materials, what is another function that vascular tissue performs in a leaf?

The tissue functions as a skeleton that reinforces the shape of the leaf.

Why do you think modern genetic engineering, which often entails introducing or modifying only one or a few genes, has met with so much opposition?

Unlike traditional breeding, which selects for variants in existing populations, genetic engineering involves the introduction of specific genes into cells.

The majority of growth in width is due to increases in the number of cells added by the BLANK

Vascular Cambium

Secondary growth produced by the BLANK is bidirectional due to cells being added to both sides of the cambium layer.

Vascular Cambrium

What process is most important in the expansion of plant cells?

Water uptake

The vascular cambium generates BLANK to the inside and BLANK to the outside.

Xylem cells . . . Phloem Cells

Which of the following scenarios primarily involves heat transfer by convection?

You roll down the car window to allow the cool breeze to blow through.

In a physiological system operating with positive feedback, __________.

a change in a variable will amplify rather than reverse the change

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

a change in the shape of the leaves produced

A fruit is

a mature ovary.

A strawberry plant mutant that fails to make stolons would suffer from

a reduction in asexual reproduction

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

Stocks provide root systems for grafting.

what is true about secondary growth

The oldest secondary vascular cells (xylem or phloem) are the farthest from the vascular cambium layer. The vascular cambium and cork cambium start actively dividing only after primary growth in that area of a root or shoot has stopped.

The black dots that cover strawberries are actually fruits formed from the separate carpels of a single flower. The fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of a flower with many separate carpels. Therefore, a strawberry is

both an aggregrate fruit and an accessory fruit.

Which muscle type consists of branched fibers of striated muscle that interconnect via intercalated disks?

cardiac muscle

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

cell elongation

Of the following pairs of terms, which association is correct?

complete flowers, flowers with carpels, stamens, petals, and sepals

What type of tissue is the mineralized tissue that composes the skeleton of most vertebrates? It consists of collagen as well as calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions.

connective tissue

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

connective tissue.

As the epidermis is pushed outward and sloughed off, it is replaced by tissues produced by the __________.

cork cambium

Which of the following is correctly matched with its tissue system?

cortex, with ground tissue system

Some plant species produce male and female individuals in which the males have an XY genotype and the females have an XX genotype. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY

Bats and hummingbirds are examples of __________.

endotherms that are also poikilotherms

Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction in plants?

enhanced survival of genetically favorable offspring

Negative feedback is a method of homeostatic control that __________.

ensures conditions in an organism do not vary too much above or below their set points

The mature region in which the apical meristem cells were grafted will BLANK

form a new shoot

Which of the following is an example of sexual reproduction?

fusion of sperm and egg nuclei in an ovule

angiosperm lifecycle stages

haploid: female gametophyte egg cell sperm cell male gametophyte DIPLOID: flower sporophyte zygote Triploid: endosperm

The primary growth of a plant adds __________, and secondary growth adds __________.

height, thickness

Self-incompatibility _____.

helps maintain genetic variability in a population

Root apical meristems are found

in all roots.

"Bt maize"

includes bacterial genes that produce a toxin that reduces damage from insect pests.

Root hairs are important to a plant because they _____.

increase the surface area for absorption

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

less surface area per unit of volume.

In which tissue type are collagenous fibers, reticular fibers, and elastic fibers woven together, serving to hold organs in place and bind epithelia to underlying tissues?

loose connective tissue

Homeostasis is the __________.

maintenance of a relatively constant and optimal internal environment

The female gametophyte develops in the ovule from diploid (2n) tissue that undergoes meiosis and eventually forms the haploid (n) megaspore. What is the name of the diploid tissue that gives rise to the female gametophyte?

megasporangium

The four major categories of tissues are _____.

nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle

The shoot region in which the apical meristem cells were removed will BLANK

no longe be capable of growing in length

Double fertilization means that

one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei.

According to the ABC hypothesis for flower formation, which of the following outcomes would be expected for a plant that only expresses its A and C flower genes?

only sepals and carpels will form

Suppose a flower had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls. Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of that flower, starting at the outermost whorl?

petal-petal-stamen-stamen

BLANK develop where A and B genes are active.

petals

Sperm reaching the egg and developing into a seed steps:

pollen grain lands on stigma pollen tube grows down the style generative cell divides forming 2 sperm 2 sperm discharged into female gametophyte sperm fuse with egg and 2 polar nuclei zygote forms and divides into a terminal cell and a basal cell cells of embryo differentiate into three tissue types

A countercurrent heat exchanger enables an animal to _____.

reduce the loss of body heat to the environment

Cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in plants depends primarily on __________.

regulation of gene expression

What is the method by which woody plants grow in thickness

secondary growth

Bark is generally thought to be the tough outer layer of the stem; however, it is composed of all tissues exterior to the vascular cambium. From the following list, which tissues make up bark?

secondary phloem periderm primary phloem

Cellular differentiation is responsible for __________.

some epidermal cells in Arabidopsis becoming root hair cells while others become hairless epidermal cells

During primary growth, the primary xylem and phloem grow alongside each other, except for a layer of tissue in between them. These primary tissues will eventually be pushed away from each other during secondary growth. What growth process causes this to occur?

the accumulation of secondary xylem and secondary phloem

How do cells in a meristem differ from cells in other types of plant tissue?

they continue to divide

Meiosis will produce microspores in the __________.

anther

Rank cells from Least mature to most mature

apical meristem cells< primary meristem cells< Differentiated cells

The germination of seeds _____.

depends on imbibition

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

desert bird

Which of the following is one possible advantage of biofuels versus oil?

The CO2 produced by biofuels will be absorbed by the crops used to produce them, creating a carbon-neutral cycle.

Which of the following is a correct statement about an organism and its environment?

The interstitial fluid is the exchange medium between body cells and the circulatory system in vertebrate animals

Which example below is a concern related to the debate over plant biotechnology?

introduced genes spreading into related wild species and leading to the creation of "superweeds"

What is the method by which roots and shoots are elongated in all vascular plants.

primary growth

BLANK develop where B and C genes are active.

stamens

In grafting, the plant that provides the root system is the __________ and the twig is the __________.

stock, scion

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

wind blowing across the body surface

The majority of cells added during secondary growth are BLANK

xylem cells

The tissue that is commonly referred to as "wood" in a woody plant is composed of BLANK formed from the vascular cambium.

xylem cells

Cell division in the vascular cambium adds to the circumference of a tree trunk and the diameter of roots and stems by adding new __________ to the layer's interior and __________ to the layer's exterior.

xylem, phloem