TRI 2: Biomechanics Exam 3 Review

convex, concave, superior, inferior

*Arthrokinematics* for *Shoulder Flexion* of *Glenohumoral Joint* The humeral head is___________ and the glenoid fossa is ___________ meaning the roll is __________ and the glide is __________

120, 60, 60, 45

*Shoulder abduction* includes three joints. as the glenohumeral joint abducts_______ the scapulocostal joint assists using lateral tipping/upward rotation to get an additional _______degrees and the clavicle allows for _____ degrees of elevation (> 90 degrees shoulder abduction) with ______ degrees of posterior rotation through 180 degree abduction

Stages of Frozen Shoulder

1. Painful/freezing 2. Frozen 3. Thawing/Self-restoring

closed pack for proximal radioulnar joint

5 of supination

closed pac for humeroradial joint

90 of flexion with 5 percent of supination

glenoid labrum

A Superior Lateral Anterior-Posterior (SLAP) tear is a tear to what

a, c

A decrease in the normal lordosis curve of the lumbar spine causes the load to shift where? *(MACA)* a. increased load on disc b. increased load on facets c. increased load on vertebral body

Anterior, inferior

A glenohumeral joint dislocation is most common in which two directions?

d

A new patient presents to your office this a complaint of right shoulder pain. After doing an thorough examination, you write up a treatment plan for the next four weeks. As part of the plan of care, you include strengthening exercise for infraspinatus and teres minor. Which of the following best describes the arthrokinematics of the right Glenohumeral joint while performing the exercise? a. anterior roll, posterior glide b. posterior roll, anterior glide c. inferior roll, superior glide d. posterior roll, anterior glide

b

A patient comes to your office complaining of symptoms leading you to believe they are suffering from radiculopathy down their left leg. After ordering an MRI, you see that there is a lateral disc herniation. Which orthoginal would describe the antalgic lean you would observe? a. θY b. θZ c. θX d -θY

increase, facets

A sacral base angle of 50 degrees would _______ lumbar lordosis, leading to increased loading of the _______.

b

An increase in lordosis of the lumbar spine increases the SBA. The load does what? *(MACA)* a. increased load on disc b. increased load on facets c. increased load on vertebral body

4.5

An increase of translational movement above ____ mm is considered clinical joint instability

increase

Anterior pelvic tilt shows an _______ in the lordosis curve.

c

As you are evaluating your patient's lumbar lateral flexion to the right, you would expect to see coupled motion causing their spinous process to: a. Rotate to the convexity b. Rotate to the left c. Rotate to the concavity d. Travel inferiorly

b

As you are performing a static postural assessment, you notice that the individual's right forearm appears to have an oblique angle of approximately 25° from the torso as it sits in anatomical position. How would you describe this finding a. normal cubitus valgus b. excessive cubitus valgus c. excessinve genu valgum d. excessive cubitus varus

90° of abduction

Closed Pack position: *Acromiclavicular Joint*

full abduction and external rotation

Closed Pack position: *Glenohumeral Joint*

full arm elevation

Closed Pack position: *Sternoclavicular Joint*

Smith's fracture

FOOSH in wrist flexion will cause what type of injury?

60

In *Shoulder Flexion* the glenohumeral joint allows up to ______ degrees of flexion to occur before scapula and shoulder girdle must move.

convex, concave

In *abduction* or *adduction* of the *thumb* the metacarpal is _______ moving on the _______ trapezium?

concave, convex

In *flexion* or *extension* of the *thumb* the metacarpal is _______ moving on the _______ trapezium?

33, 66

In *wrist extension* the distal row and proximal row accounts for _______ percent and the intercarpals accounts for _______ percent

60, 40, convex, concave

In *wrist flexion* the distal row and proximal row accounts for _______ percent and the intercarpals accounts for _______ percent and both surfaces are con__ on con___?

d

Little Jimmy, who is usually Parker Elementary School's top high-fiver came in to school on Monday refusing to give any of his teachers or classmates his famed high-fives. He goes on to explain that he injured his elbow when walking his german shepherd Rufus this weekend. After seeing a squirrel, Rufus took off running and pulled little Jimmy along with him while he was holding the leash. Which of the following is Jimmy most likely suffering from? a. Golfer's Elbow b. Little leaguer's elbow c. Supracondylar fracture d. Nursemaid's elbow

c

Mary, an avid runner, recently fell on one of her 15 mile runs. Her main complaint is 9/10 sharp pain in her right wrist. Distal pulses and neurological testing comes back normal, but there is an obvious "dinner fork" deformity. Which of the following would Mary most likely be suffering from? a. Smith's fracture b. Jone's fracture c. Colle's fracture d. March fracture

0-5. posterior roll, posterior slide

Osteokinematics for *Elbow Extension* Degrees? Roll and Slide?

135-165, anterior roll, anterior slide

Osteokinematics for *Elbow Flexion* Degrees? Roll and Slide?

90, anterior roll, posterior slide

Osteokinematics for *Elbow Pronation* Degrees? Roll and Slide?

90, posterior roll, anterior slide

Osteokinematics for *Elbow Supination* Degrees? Roll and Slide?

120, superior roll, inferior slide

Osteokinematics for *GH ABDuction* Degrees, Roll, slide

45, inferior roll, superior slide

Osteokinematics for *GH ADDuction* Degrees, Roll, slide

55, inferior roll, superior slide

Osteokinematics for *GH Extension* Degrees, Roll, slide

90, posterior roll, anterior glide

Osteokinematics for *GH External Rotation* Degrees, Roll, slide

120, superior roll, inferior slide

Osteokinematics for *GH Flexion* Degrees, Roll, slide

90, anterior roll, posterior glide

Osteokinematics for *GH Internal Rotation* Degrees, Roll, slide

60

Osteokinematics for *Scapular lateral tipping/ upward rotation* Degrees

b

Peter, a physics major, loves to work out (especially chest and triceps) but has been struggling to understand the lever system of the elbow. Given that you understand these concepts, what order would you list the fulcrum, resistance and force to accurately describe this lever system? a. Force, resistance, fulcrum b. Force, fulcrum, resistance c. Fulcrum, force, resistance d. None of the above

c

Ronald, a new patient of yours (and new father) has increased the frequency of his singing and hand movements while he puts his child to sleep to "Baby Shark." The motion that hurts him the most is abduction of his thumb. What is the roll and slide of this motion? a. Medial roll and slide b. Lateral roll, medial slide c. Palmar roll, dorsal slide d. Dorsal roll, palmar slide

d

The _______ radial head articulates with the _______ capitulum of the humerus, while the _______ trochlea articulates with the _______ trochlear notch of the ulna? a. convex, concave, convex, concave b. convex, concave, concave, convex c. concave, convex, concave, convex d. concave, convex, convex, concave

L3, L4

The apex of the lumbar spine is the disc between ____ and ____

1:3

The disc to body height ratio is ____

20, 60

The lumbar lordotic curve degrees are between ___ and ___

middle 1/3

The most common clavicle fracture is where? FOOSA

nursemaids elbow

Unwilling to use the affected arm?

UCL Sprain (Tommy John sprain)

Valgus force or overuse injury due to poor throwing mechanics?

a, d

What are the ortho tests for golfers elbow? (Medial epicondylitis) *(MACA)* a. Reverse Cozen's b. Mills c. Middle Finger Extension d. Reverse Mills

a, b, d

What are the ortho tests for tennis elbow? (lateral epicondylitis) *(MACA)* a. Cozen's b. Mills c. Reverse Cozen's d. Middle finger extension

L2

What disc does the spinal cord approximately end?

subjacent disc on opposite side of lateral flexion

What is the IAR for lateral flexion of lumbar

IVD of subjacent vertebrae

What is the IAR for lumbar flexion/extension?

30

What is the max degrees for ulnar deviation?

plane/gliding

What type of joint is the humeroradial joint?

hinge

What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint?

pivot/trochoid

What type of joint is the superior/proximal radioulnar joint

d

When Carol is performing the Macarena, she is having difficulty switching from a palm down position to a palm up position. The roll and slide mechanism associated with this movement at the distal radioulnar joint would be: a. Anterior roll and slide b. Posterior roll, anterior slide c. Anterior roll, posterior slide d. Posterior roll and slide

a, b

When setting up with your "knife edge" contact to perform an inferior glide adjustment to the shoulder, which ranges of motion would you expect to increase if the adjustment is successful? *(MACA)* a. flexion b. abduction c. adduction d. horizontal abduction

c

Which of the following movements occur at the left scapula while moving yourself up from a hanging position during a pull-up? a. -θZ, +X b. +θX, -Z c. -θZ, -X d. +θX, +Z

c

Which of the following occurs at the clavicle to allow the acromioclavicular joint to go through its full range of motion during full glenohumeral abduction? a. - X b. +θY c. - θX d. - Z

b, d

While sitting through a biomechanics lecture, Norman has the urge to ask Dr. Harati a question. Based on the fact that he has previously dislocated his right shoulder 75 times, he wants to make sure his shoulder is in a position where its most stable. Which of the following would help Norman acheive this positon? *(MACA)* a. internal rotation b. abduction c. flexion d. external rotation e. all of the above

b, c

You are evaluating a professional quiddich seeker for a left shoulder problem that is causing 9/10 pain. During "the best play of their life" they state that they reach out to their side to catch the golden snitch, caught it, but then hit the ground as they landed on the back of their shoulder (which won their team the match). Which direction did their humeral head travel as her shoulder dislocated? *(MACA)* a. +X b. -Y c. +Z d. -Z

b

You observe an individual abduct their arm to 50 degrees, what total amount of scapulocostal movement would you expect to see in a healthy individual? a. 5° b. 10° c. 15° d. 20°

75

_____ percent of trunk flexion/extension occurs from the lumbar spine.

a, d

a decreased sacral base angle is otherwise known as? *(MACA)* a. counter nutation b. nutation c. hyperlordosis d. hypolordosis

Hypolordosis

a sacral base angle <30° is considered as ______

hyperlordosis

a sacral base angle > 45° is considered as _______

b, c

an increased sacral base angle is otherwise known as? *(MACA)* a. counter nutation b. nutation c. hyperlordosis d. hypolordosis

What happens at the elbow with flexion

anterior roll, anterior slide

full extension

close-packed position for hand?

90 flexion and 5 supination

close-packed position for humeroradial?

full extension in supination

close-packed position for humeroulnar?

5 supination

close-packed position for proximal radioulnar?

full dorsiflex (extension)

close-packed position for wrist?

same

concave on convex as far as roll and slide go in _______ direction

opposite

convex on concave as far as roll and slide go in _______ direction

close pack for humeroulnar joint

full extension with supination

Increased angulation may be due to epiphyseal damage secondary due to

lateral epicondylar fracture

6

lateral flexion of the lumbar spine averages ___ degrees per segment

cubitis varus/gunstock (gunstock -15°)

negative carrying angle of the forearm

5-10, 10-15

normal carrying angle of the forearm males? females?

excessive cubitus valgus

oblique angle away from body greater that 30°

Elbow pronation occurs at what joint

proximal radioulna joint

During forearm pronation, the radius does what

rolls anterior, glides posterior

2

segmental rotation average of _____ degrees per segment

Which of the following causes a decrease in carrying angle

supracondylar facture

c

the distal row of carpals from thumb side in order 1. scaphoid 5. trapezium 2. hamate 6. pisiform 3. capitate 7. traquetrum 4. trapezoid 8. lunate a. 4, 5, 3, 2 b. 6, 7, 8, 1 c. 5, 4, 3, 2 d. 1, 8, 7, 6

60

the first _____ percent of trunk flexion consists of lumbar flexion.

30, 40

the normal sacral base angle is between ____ and ____?

carpal tunnel syndrome

the peripheral entrapment of the median nerve

a

the proximal row of carpals from thumb side in order 1. scaphoid 5. trapezium 2. hamate 6. pisiform 3. capitate 7. traquetrum 4. trapezoid 8. lunate a. 1, 8, 7, 6 b. 6, 7, 8, 1 c. 1, 8, 4, 6 d. 1, 8, 5, 6 e. 5, 4, 3, 2

15, 2-3

what is the average lumbar flexion/extension per segment. additionally a combined sagital plane rotation with an average of __-__ mm of sagittal plane translation.

20

what is the max degrees for radial deviation?