Tube Angulations
15-30 degrees, entering the axilla
During the Lawrence method/Rafert modification of the shoulder, what is the CR angulation, and where does it enter?
15-20 degrees cephalic
During the Settegast method for the patella, if the patellofemoral joint isn't perpendicular to the central ray, how much is the CR usually angled, and in what direction?
10-15 degrees caudad
How much is the CR angled and how is it directed for an AP axial bladder shot?
15-30 degrees cephalic (smaller patient = smaller angle)
If you're doing an AP axial clavicle and the patient cannot perform the lordotic position, how much will the CR be angled, and in what direction?
0-15 degrees cephalic (smaller patient = smaller angle)
If you're doing an AP axial clavicle and the patient is in a lordotic position, how much is the CR angled, and in what direction?
40 degrees
On a PA axial knee (known as the Camp Coventry method), if the knee is flexed 40 degrees, how much is the CR angled?
50 degrees
On a PA axial knee (known as the Camp Coventry method), if the knee is flexed 50 degrees, how much is the CR angled?
5-7 cephalic
On a lateral knee, what is ALWAYS the degree of angulation?
15 degrees cephalic
On a transthoracic lateral projection of the humerus, if the patient cannot manipulate the unaffected arm, what CR angle must be utilized, and in what direction?
40 degrees cephalic
On an AP calcaneus, how much is the CR angled and in which direction?
15 degrees cephalic
What is the CR angulation/direction for an AP projection of the toes when interested in open joint spaces?
10-15 degrees toward elbow
What is the OPTIONAL degree/direction of tube angulation for a PA wrist with ulnar deviation?
20 degrees toward elbow (OR 20 degree cassette angulation)
What is the degree/direction of tube angulation for the Stetcher method of the wrist?
15-30 degrees caudad (smaller patient = smaller angle)
What would be the tube angle/direction for a PA axial clavicle?
30-40 degrees caudad
When imaging the sigmoid colon with a PA axial central ray, what is the degree/direction of angulation?
30-40 degrees cephalic
When imaging the sigmoid colon with an AP axial central ray, what is the degree/direction of angulation?
Depends on how much the elbow is flexed, angled toward the elbow joint
When performing a partial flexion elbow exam with optional CR angulation, how much is the CR angled, and in what direction?
0 degrees
When performing an AP foot x-ray for foreign bodies, what is the degree and direction of the central ray?
10 degrees toward heel (cephalic)
When performing an AP foot x-ray to demonstrate open joint spaces (or AP weight bearing feet), what is the degree and direction of the central ray?
0 degrees
When performing an AP or oblique projection of the knee, if the patient measures 19-24 cm, how much is the CR angulation, and in what direction?
3-5 degrees caudad
When performing an AP or oblique projection of the knee, if the patient measures less than 19 cm, how much is the CR angulation, and in what direction?
3-5 degrees cephalic
When performing an AP or oblique projection of the knee, if the patient measures more than 24 cm, how much is the CR angulation, and in what direction?
45 degrees away from elbow
When performing the Coyle method of the elbow and the area of interest is the coronoid process, how much would the tube be angled, and in what direction?
45 degrees toward elbow
When performing the Coyle method of the elbow and the area of interest is the radial head, how much would the tube be angled, and in what direction?
