Two Worlds Meet Vocabulary (NACA - 2020)
Resilient
(of a person or animal) able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
The Spanish conquistador who led the second expedition into New Mexico to find and conquer the Seven Cities of Cibola in 1540.
Don Juan de Onate
The Spanish conquistador who led the third expedition to conquer and settle the 'New Mexico' land in 1598.
Encomienda System
A Spanish policy that granted land and the Indians living on it to Spanish soldiers and colonists usually as a reward for service.
Fray Marcos
A Spanish priest who led the first Expedition into 'New Mexico' with the assistance of Estevanico in 1539. The goal was to explore new lands and locate gold.
Acoma Revolt
A battle between the Spanish and some rebelling Puebloan People at Acoma Pueblo spanning three days in late 1598. Many natives died, were put into slavery, and some men over the age of 25 had their foot cut off.
Viceroy
A colonial governor of New Spain appointed by the king of Spain (Old World).
New Spain
A colonial territory of the Spanish Empire in the New World which was established following the conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521.
Cash crop
A crop grown for the purpose of being sold.
Legend of Cibola
A legend the Spanish followed and fabricated about cities made out of gold. Fray Marcos wrote about these "seven cities" he "witnessed" at Zuni.
New World
A name for the Americas, especially during the time of first exploration and colonization of the Americas by Europeans.
Po'pay
A spiritual leader of Ohkaye Owingeh who was honored by the State of New Mexico with a statue at Capitol Hill in Washington D.C for leading the "First American Revolution in New Mexico 1680.
Yucca Cord
A type of rope made out of yucca fibers with knots tied into it. These knots would be untied one by one each day until there were none left. This meant it was time to attack.
Estevanico (Esteban)
An African Slave that was one of only four survivors of the Narvaez Expedition. His knowledge of the "New Mexico" land was vital in Fray Marcos' Expedition, NM Trip #1.
Hispaniola
First Spanish colony created in 1492 when Christopher Columbus' ship, the Santa Maria, crashed and they had to leave behind 39 men to look after and develop the area.
Missionaries
Franciscan catholic priests. Some of these priest were brought to New Mexico to help convert the native population to Christianity.
Smallpox
Infectious disease brought to America by the Spanish that devastated native populations.
Christopher Columbus
Italian explorer, sailed from Spain in 1492 and reached Americas, greatly increased European awareness of the North American Continent
Don Diego de Vargas
Leader of the Spanish Reconquista.
Entrada
Modern day Spanish folks who were re-enacting the "peaceful reconquest of New Mexico."
Spanish Reconquista
Re-conquering or re-entering New Mexico. After the events of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 the Spanish return to New Mexico 12 years later.
Conquistadors
Spanish conquerors
Hernan Cortes
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
Spanish Colonial Period
Spanish control over New Mexico. Beginning in 1598 when Juan de Onate made it to the Rio del Norte.
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru in 1531-1533.
Pueblo Runners
The "swiftest youth" that were used to communicate the plans of the Pueblo Revolt.
Assimilation
The acceptance and demonstration of a new group's values and culture. Resembling colonial core values and culture.
Colonization
The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.
Slave trade
The business of capturing, transporting, and selling people as slaves
Tenochtitlan
The capital of the Aztec Empire. Current day Mexico City was built on top of its ruins after Hernan Cortez defeated the Aztec.
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
Tribal Sovereignty
The inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States.
Atahualpa
The last emperor of the Inca, who was victorious in a devastating civil war with his half-brother, only to be captured, held for ransom, and then executed by Francisco Pizarro.
Montezuma II
The last of the Aztec emperors, who was defeated by Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés in 1520
Aztec Empire
The native empire which is known for their fierce warriors, architecture, political organization, and demanding religion. Their emperor Montezuma ruled the empire from Tenochtitlan.
Inca Empire
The native empire which is known for their wealth and well-organized military. Thier leader (emperor) was Atahualpa. Located in current day Peru.
El Camino Real
The trail that was taken by the Spanish to get to the northern reaches of New Mexico from Mexico City. This 'Royal Road' spanned 1,700 miles.
Old World
Today's continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa that occupied for 1000s of years before the discovery of the Americas
Colonist
a person who lives in a colony.
Colony
a place that is ruled by another country
