Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis, Single and Double Replacement (Displacement), Decomposition, and Combustion of a Hydrocarbon
Metal hydroxide decomposes into a metal oxide and water
(Decomposition Reaction) Ex: Calcium hydroxide decomposes when heated _1_Ca(OH)₂ (aq) → _1_CaO (s) + _1_H₂O (g) *H₂O gas because it's been evaporated
Metal carbonate decomposes into a metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas
(Decomposition Reaction) Ex: Lithium chlorate decomposes when heated _1_MgCO₃ (s) (heated) → _1_MgO (s) + _1_CO₂ (g)
Metal oxides decompose into a metal and oxygen gas when heated
(Decomposition Reaction) Ex: Lithium oxide decomposes when heated _2_Li₂O (s) (heated) → _4_Li (s) + _1_O₂ (g)
Acids decomposed into a nonmetal oxide and water
(Decomposition Reaction) Ex: Sulfuric acid decomposes when heated _1_H₂SO₄ (aq) (heated) → _1_ H₂O + _1_SO₃ (g)
A metal will replace a less active metal in a compound
(Single Replacement Reaction) Ed: Zinc reacts with silver chloride to produce zinc chloride and silver _1_Zn (s) + _2_AgCl (aq) → _1ZnCl₂(aq) + _2_Ag (s)
A halogen will replace another less active halogen in a compound
(Single Replacement Reaction) Ex: Chlorine reacts with potassium iodide to produce potassium chloride and iodine _1_Cl₂ (g)+ _2_KI (aq) → __2_ KCl (aq) + _1_ I₂ (s)
Group 1 or Group 2 metals react with water to form a base and a hydrogen gas
(Single Replacement Reaction) Ex: Potassium is dropped into water _2_ K (s) + _2_H₂O → _2_K(OH) (aq) + _1_H₂ (g)
Group 1 metal reacts with acid to form a salt and hydrogen gas
(Single Replacement Reaction) Ex: Sodium metal is dropped into dilute nitric acid _2_Na (s) + _2_HNO3 (aq) → _2_NaNO3 (aq) + _1_H₂ (g)
Nonmetal oxide and water makes an acid
(Synthesis Reaction/combination reaction) Ex: Carbon dioxide reacts with water _1_CO₂ (g) + _1_H₂O (L) → _1_H₂CO₃ (aq)
Metal combusted or reacted with oxygen to make metal oxide
(Synthesis Reaction/combination reaction) Ex: Iron (III) reacts with oxygen _4_Fe (s) + _3_O₂ (g) → _2_Fe₂O₃ (s)
Metal oxide and water make a base (hydroxide)
(Synthesis Reaction/combination reaction) Ex: Magnesium oxide reacts with water _1_MgO (s) + _1_H₂O (L) → _1_Mg(OH)₂ (aq)
Metal reacts with halogen to make metal halide (adjectival for Halogen)
(Synthesis Reaction/combination reaction) Ex: Strontium reacts with chlorine to make strontium chloride _1_Sr (s) + _1_Cl₂ → _1_ SrCl₂ (s)
Neutralization ex1
(Type of Double Replacement Reaction) Magnesium hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid _1_Mg(OH)₂ (aq) + _1_H₂SO₄ (aq) → _1_MgSO₄ (aq) + _2_H₂O (L)
Synthesis Reaction (combination reaction)
*Textbook definition*: a chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance; also called combination reaction
Electrolysis
*decomposition reactions produced by electricity (just breaks up the compound into the elements present); a type of decomposition reaction Ex: The electrolysis of water _2_H₂O (L) (electricity) → _2_H₂ (g) + _1_O₂ (g)
Decomposition Reaction
a chemical change in which a single compound is broken down into two or more simpler products
Single Replacement Reaction (Displacement Reaction)
a chemical change in which one element (a more active element) replaces a second element (less active in a compound: also called a displacement reaction
Neutralization Reaction
an acid and a base (hydroxide) will react to a salt and water; a type of double replacement reaction
Double Replacement Reaction
occurs between ions in aqueous solutions *a chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds*
Combustion of a Hydrocarbon
the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon when burned with oxygen will produce carbon dioxide and water vapor
Precipitation Reaction
two aqueous solutions of salts are mixed and an insoluble solid product is formed; a type of double replacement reaction
Example of a Combustion of a Hydrocarbon Reaction 2
Ex2: Ethane is burned (C₂H₆) _2_C₂H₆ (g) + _7_O₂ (g) → _4_CO₂ (g) + _6_H₂O (g)
Example of a Combustion of a Hydrocarbon Reaction 1
Ex: Butane (C₄H₁₀) is burned _2_C₄H₁₀ (g) + _13_O₂ (g)→ _8_CO₂ (g) + _10_H₂O (g)
Example of a Double Replacement Reaction
Precipitation Reaction ex1: Silver nitrate solution is mixed with lithium chloride solution _1_AgNO₃ (aq) + _1_LiCl (aq) → _1_AgCl (s) + _1_LiNO₃ (aq)