U5 APHG

The agricultural practice most commonly associated with intensive subsistence agriculture is A) paddy rice farming. B) swidden agriculture. C) plantation agriculture. D) market gardening. E) none of the above.

A

The linear agricultural land use pattern commonly found in Quebec and Louisiana is A) the long lot system. B) the range and township land survey system. C) the metes and bounds land ownership method. D) a result of the Enclosure Movement. E) none of the above.

A

All of the following are examples of intensive commercial agriculture except A) dairy. B) truck farming. C) mixed crop and livestock. D) horticulture. E) paddy rice farming.

E

Another name for truck farming is A) specialtyfarming. B) marketgardening. C) commercial gardening and fruit farming. D) intensive commercial agriculture. E) all of the above.

E

According to the von Thunen model, the first ring is used for A) dairy. B) forestry. C) mixed crop and livestock. D) crop rotation. E) grain farming.

A

Herders who seasonally move their animals between mountain pastures and lowland valleys practice A) transhumance. B) seasonal variation. C) swidden agriculture. D) livestock ranching. E) extensive subsistence agriculture.

A

The two most widely used and distributed Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) crops are A) corn and wheat. B) wheatandmillet. C) soybeansandwheat. D) soybeans and corn. E) corn and flax.

D

What geographic factor best explains why a piece of land is used intensively or extensively for agriculture? A) Soil quality. B) Precipitation levels. C) Climate region. D) Distance to the market. E) Price of land.

D

Which combination of animals was domesticated in Southwest Asia? A) Water buffalo, pig, and chicken. B) Llama and alpaca. C) Cattle, camel, and goat. D) Sheep and goat. E) Yak and horse.

D

Which region is not a major dairy producing area? A) Southeast Canada. B) Northeastern United States. C) Southern California. D) Northwestern Europe. E) Southeast United States.

E

Boserup theorized that when population increased in a subsistence agriculturally based community the level of technology and labor efforts must A) increase to meet the demands of increased population pressures. B) increase by purchasing new machinery from MDCs. C) increase by sending students to technical schools. D) decrease due to the high cost of machinery. E) decrease because more children need to finish their education.

A

Dairy operations locate on the suburban fringe of metropolitan areas because A) access to market is greater. B) it is outside the milkshed. C) city residents don't like to live near farming operations. D) it is a break-of-bulk point. E) none of the above.

A

Legal crops such as coffee, tea, and tobacco grown on plantations in the tropics for export to More Developed Countries (MDCs) are commonly referred to as A) luxury crops. B) perishable crops. C) specialty crops. D) export crops. E) none of the above.

A

Livestock ranching and pastoral nomadism both A) exist in environments too harsh for crop production. B) suffer from low wages. C) rely on the same animals for their livelihood. D) flourish in central Asia. E) suffer from undue government regulations.

A

Pastoral nomads do not typically herd A) cattle. B) llamas. C) sheep. D) goats. E) camels.

A

Pastoral nomads potentially contribute to desertification by A) overgrazing. B) using poor cultivation techniques. C) moving animals frequently. D) all of the above. E) A and B only.

A

Subsistence agriculture dominates in A) less developed countries. B) more developed countries. C) mid-latitude climates. D) newly-industrialized countries. E) none of the above.

A

Technology essential for intensive subsistence agriculture is A) irrigation. B) precision agriculture techniques. C) biotechnology. D) advancements in pesticide research. E) all of the above.

A

The most widely produced grains in the world are A) wheat, rice, and maize. B) wheat, rice, and oats. C) rice, maize, and oats. D) rice, maize, and millet. E) rice, wheat, and barley.

A

The primary purpose of commercial agriculture is to A) make a profit. B) produce a superior product. C) produce a product in a sustainable manner. D) provide jobs for a large percentage of the population. E) sustain the rural way of life.

A

The production and harvesting of fish and shell fish in sectioned off coves and land- based ponds is technically referred to as A) acquaculture. B) water based agriculture. C) intensive subsistence agriculture. D) fish farming. E) none of the above.

A

The single most important factor contributing to rural land use patterns for most of the Great Plains in the United States is a result of the A) township and range land survey system. B) metes and bounds land property division method. C) physical geography of the region. D) extensive river systems. E) capitalist economic system.

A

The trend whereby large corporations buy and control many different steps in a food-processing industry is commonly referred to as A) agribusiness. B) commercial agriculture. C) biotechnical revolution. D) industrial agriculture. E) all of the above.

A

This type of business practice significantly reduces the commodity chain for an agricultural product such as coffee or tea. A) Fair trade movement. B) Sustainable agriculture. C) Organic farming. D) Integrated management. E) Wholesale shopping.

A

Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, dairy agriculture would dominate in A) New England and upstate New York. B) southeastern states. C) California. D) the Pacific Northwest. E) none of the above.

A

When comparing the Koppen Climate Regions Map with the Whittlessey Agricultural Regions Map one can conclude that A) there is a direct relationship between the patterns on both maps. B) many agricultural regions exist outside their respective climate zones. C) climate is not a limiting factor on the distribution of agriculture. D) agricultural regions have changed a great deal in the 20th century. E) Whittlessey's map is outdated.

A

Which statement regarding agricultural region(s) with respect to Whitttlessey's Agricultural Regions map is no longer applicable? A) Plantation agriculture doesn't exist in North America anymore. B) Grain regions have become smaller over time. C) Mediterranean agriculture has declined in importance. D) Areas of shifting cultivation have become more prominent. E) Commercial gardening in the U.S. is still dominant along the east coast.

A

_____________ did not contain an agricultural hearth. A) Europe. B) Asia. C) Africa. D) South America. E) Middle America.

A

Shifting cultivation is still practiced in many parts of A) South Asia. B) East Asia. C) South America. D) North Africa. E) Central Asia.

C

All of the following are environmental impacts of commercial farming except A) over harvesting of ocean fisheries. B) contribution to the urban heat island effect. C) deforestation. D) erosion of top-soil. E) chemical contamination of drinking water.

B

All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture except A) pastoral nomadism. B) truck farming. C) shifting cultivation. D) swidden agriculture. E) intensive rice farming.

B

Boserup's basic thesis with respect to population growth in cultures that practiced subsistence agriculture was that A) population increase would decimate local resources. B) population increase would be accompanied by an increase in how intensely land would be used. C) population increase would become unsustainable. D) population increase would lead to out-migration. E) population increase would lead to competition for limited resources.

B

Dairy farmers specialize in other products rather than fresh milk because A) of the low profit margin of milk. B) theyarelocatedoutsidethemilkshed. C) of the high cost of feed. D) of the high cost of land. E) none of the above.

B

Humans survived prior to the invention of agriculture by engaging in A) shifting cultivation. B) hunting and gathering. C) pastoral nomadism. D) hunting big game animals. E) slash and burn cultivation techniques.

B

Suitcase farms are most associated most with A) mixed crop and livestock farming. B) grainfarming. C) marketgardening. D) dairyfarming. E) luxury crops.

B

The country that produces the most maize in the world is A) Canada. B) UnitedStates. C) Ukraine. D) Brazil. E) Argentina.

B

The invention in the late 1800s that changed the geography of cattle ranching was A) the harvester. B) barbed wire. C) the steel tipped plow. D) the John Deere tractor. E) none of the above.

B

The land division system most responsible for dispersed rural settlements in many parts of the United States is the A) long lot system. B) townshipandrangesystem. C) metes and bounds system. D) enclosure movement. E) none of the above.

B

The second agricultural revolution coincided with A) the Enlightenment. B) the Industrial Revolution. C) Imperialism. D) the Age of Revolutions. E) the first wave of European migration.

B

This type of farming practice helps preserve soil conservation by planting crops on the tops of hills. A) Intertillage. B) Ridgetillage. C) Crop rotation. D) Cover crop planting. E) None of the above.

B

Which famous cultural geographer theorized that the invention of agriculture took place in multiple hearths? A) Ester Bosrup. B) Carl Sauer. C) Henrich von Thunen. D) Walter Christaller. E) William Burgess.

B

Which of the following are examples of extensive subsistence agriculture? A) Swidden and dairy. B) Slash and burn agriculture and nomadic herding. C) Shifting cultivation and livestock ranching. D) Livestock ranching and slash and burn agriculture. E) Nomadic herding and plantation agriculture.

B

Why do different regions of the United States specialize in different dairy products? A) Soil fertility varies from region to region. B) Their relative location with respect to the milkshed. C) Other crops are more economical. D) Historical customs differ for various dairy products. E) All of the above.

B

In upland areas where plantation agriculture is present, what are the two most common crops grown? A) Bananas and tea. B) Tea and sugar cane. C) Tea and coffee. D) Coffee and sugarcane. E) Sugarcane and bananas.

C

7. All of the following are aspects of commercial agriculture except A) a heavy reliance on machinery. B) the product is consumed off the farm. C) there is little relationship to other businesses. D) a small percentage of the workforce is engaged directly in agriculture. E) the average size of farms is hundreds of acres.

C

According to the von Thunen model, what type of agricultural practice would locate in the outer most concentric ring? A) Dairy. B) Forestry. C) Grazing. D) Mixed crop and livestock. E) Horticulture.

C

Agricultural first diffused to Europe from A) North Africa. B) South Asia. C) Southwest Asia. D) West Africa. E) Southeast Asia.

C

Commercial agriculture practiced in the tropics and subtropics is called A) intensive subsistence agriculture. B) paddy rice farming. C) plantation agriculture. D) double cropping. E) none of the above.

C

Extensive subsistence agriculture predominates in A) tropical rain forests. B) sub-tropical areas. C) semi-arid deserts. D) deserts. E) all of the above.

C

Pastoral nomadism still a dominant way of life in many parts of A) western United States. B) central Australia. C) Central Asia. D) West Africa. E) Central America.

C

Pastoral nomads predominate in A) semi-arid deserts. B) deserts. C) subtropical grasslands. D) tropical rainforest. E) A and B only.

C

The most important large-scale commercial wheat producing countries in the world include all of the following except A) United States. B) Ukraine. C) Switzerland. D) Argentina. E) Australia.

C

The process by which people engaged in shifting cultivation plant crops of varying heights in order to protect lower crops is called A) ridge tillage. B) swidden agriculture. C) intertillage. D) shifting cutivtion. E) subsistence agriculture.

C

The technical definition of horticulture includes the cultivation of A) flowers. B) flowers and fruits. C) flowers, fruits, and vegetables. D) flowers and carnations. E) flowers and nursery plants.

C

The two most important crops grown in the Mediterranean region are A) dates and lemons. B) almonds and grapes. C) grapes and olives. D) olives and tomatoes. E) wheat and olives.

C

Township and range land division system most closely resembles what type of geometric pattern on the landscape? A) Linear. B) Circular. C) Square. D) Rectangular. E) None of the above.

C

What agricultural technique allows subsistence farmers in tropical and sub-tropical areas to support a large population with a small amount of arable land? A) Four-field crop rotation system. B) Intertillage. C) Double cropping. D) Swidden agriculture. E) Slash and burn agriculture.

C

What has been the rend with respect to dairy farming in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) since the 1970s? A) Production has declined relative to income. B) Production has declined due to government regulations. C) Production has increased as a total percent of world production levels. D) Production has increased due to foreign aid. E) None of the above.

C

What is the best reason for why many dairy farmers in Wisconsin choose to produce butter and cheese rather than fresh milk? A) Most dairy farmers are located too far from Milwaukee and Chicago. B) The profit margin is higher on cheese. C) The entire country is their market area for these products. D) Wisconsin's peripheral location within the United States is ideal. E) All of the above.

C

Which pairing of animal(s) and region is not correct? A) Water buffalo, pig, and chicken - Southeast Asia. B) Llama and alpaca - South America. C) Cattle - South Asia. D) Goat and sheep - Southwest Asia. E) All of the above.

C

1. The modern definition of agriculture includes A) animal husbandry and shifting cultivation. B) vegetative and seed planting. C) multiple hearths of origin. D) the deliberate domestication of plants and animals. E) none of the above.

D

2. Agriculture is associated with the A) secondary sector of the economy. B) quaternary sector of the economy. C) tertiary sector of the economy. D) primary sector of the economy. E) service sector of the economy.

D

According to Carl Sauer, what best characterized the invention of plant domestication? A) The process was gradual. B) A number of independent hearths were established. C) Hearths developed in areas with high biodiversity. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.

D

All of the following are characteristics of pastoral nomads except A) they consume mostly grains rather than meat. B) they trade meat and skins for grains. C) they stay in one place when rainfall is plentiful. D) they only consume animal products and animal by-products. E) they primarily depend on animals for their survival.

D

All of the following are major wheat producing states except A) North Dakota. B) Nebraska. C) Kansas. D) Iowa. E) Montana.

D

Due to over harvesting of fish stocks and increased demand for seafood, what form of agriculture has substantially grown in the last thirty years? A) Factory deep sea fishing. B) Commercial plantation agriculture. C) Agribusiness. D) Aquaculture. E) Monoculture.

D

Even though climatic conditions are suitable for wine production in North Africa and Southwest Asia, why is this form of agriculture not practiced in these regions? A) Both areas need economic development to establish a wine industry. B) Strict government regulations discourage development of a wine industry. C) Lack of irrigation engineering is an impediment. D) There is not a cultural tradition of consuming wine in these regions. E) Desalination is still too costly for this type of economic activity.

D

Grain produced in the United States is used for all of the following except it is A) purchased by food processing companies for baked products. B) sent around the world as foreign aid. C) stored in grain elevators for and sold in the market when prices increase. D) consumed predominately by local communities throughout the Midwest. E) sent to sub-Saharan Africa for famine relief.

D

Growing only enough food to feed your family is an example of A) vegetative planting. B) market gardening. C) extensive commercial agriculture. D) subsistence agriculture. E) none of the above.

D

Growing or raising a single specialty crop on large tracts of land is called A) commercial agriculture. B) extensive commercial agriculture. C) industrial agriculture. D) monoculture. E) agribusiness.

D

Horticulture could potentially include A) Mediterranean agriculture. B) marketgardening. C) truck farming. D) all of the above. E) none of the above.

D

In Mediterranean agriculture farmers derive most of their income from A) sheep and goats. B) dairy products for various types of cheeses. C) wheat grown for bread and pasta production. D) fruits and vegetables. E) tomatoes.

D

In recent years what type of agricultural practice has been most responsible for deforestation of the rain forest in parts of Central and South America? A) Swidden agriculture. B) Intensivesubsistenceagriculture. C) Aquaculture. D) Livestock ranching. E) Truck farming.

D

Shifting cultivation is a threatened form of agriculture because of A) competition for resources from logging and mining companies. B) population increase. C) modern technology makes the practice obsolete. D) A and B only. E) none of the above.

D

The region of the world that benefited the least from the Green Revolution was A) South Asia. B) East Asia. C) South America. D) Sub-Saharan Africa. E) Central America.

D

Which of the following are negative consequences of the Green Revolution in India? A) It increased environmental damage due to the increased use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. B) It increased interregional migration. C) It increased the gap between wealthy and poor farmers. D) Alloftheabove. E) A and B only.

D

3. The most practiced economic activity in the world is A) commercial agriculture. B) manufacturing. C) providing a service. D) extensive subsistence agriculture. E) intensive subsistence agriculture.

E

According to the von Thunen model, what costs does a commercial farmer consider when deciding what crops to plant? A) Transportation costs. B) Cost of land. C) Transaction costs. D) Cost of externalities. E) A and B only.

E

Another term for pastoral nomadism is A) extensive subsistence agriculture. B) nomadic herding. C) livestock ranching. D) grain agriculture. E) A and B only

E

Area(s) of the world traditionally known for their circular rural land use patterns include A) Northern Germany. B) Sub-Saharan Africa C) East Asia. D) South America. E) AandBonly.

E

Dairy farmers locate near urban areas because A) it is expensive to transport product to market. B) milk has a limited shelf-life. C) land costs are high. D) of agglomeration pressures. E) A and B only.

E

Globalization has impacted and changed agricultural practices with respect to plantation agriculture by A) increased concentration of ownership from MDC companies. B) increased use of machinery. C) displacingmoreworkers. D) increasing migration rates from rural to urban areas. E) alloftheabove.

E

Globalization impacts dairy farming in all of the following ways except A) increased the use of feedlots. B) increased the percentage of ownership in fewer hands. C) increased the use of mechanization in dairy operations. D) increased the size of farms. E) increased the number of dairy cattle in the United States and the U.K.

E

Many countries in Europe and Africa are reluctant to import Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) produced foods from the United States because A) they could severely alter local agricultural economies. B) they could possibly crossbreed with domestic varieties. C) they would cause economic dependence on US corporations. D) they are considered less nutritious. E) all of the above.

E

Many feed fattening farms (feedlots) have located in the southeast and west of the United States because of A) proximity to growing markets in the south and west. B) less severe weather. C) lack of union organization. D) cheaper feed. E) A and B only.

E

Market gardening dominates in A) New Jersey and Delaware. B) parts of Florida. C) the west coast of Michigan. D) the Central Valley of California. E) all of the above.

E

Market gardening farms are located close to large urban areas because A) expensive land costs force farmers to grow crops with a higher profit margin. B) of the highly perishable nature of their crops. C) transport costs are high due to special handling requirements. D) farmers need large amounts of capital for specialized machinery. E) all of the above.

E

Mediterranean agricultural products are grown in A) Chile. B) the Central Valley of California. C) southern Spain. D) North Africa. E) alloftheabove.

E

Mediterranean agriculture products include A) grapes. B) olives. C) dates. D) lemons. E) alloftheabove.

E

Most cereal grains produced in the Untied States are A) exported to developing countries. B) given away as foreign aid. C) turned into processed foods such as breakfast cereals and breads. D) sold to food processing industries. E) fed to livestock.

E

Most plantation operations are found in A) Latin America. B) Sub-Saharan Africa. C) Southeast Asia. D) South Asia. E) alloftheabove.

E

Pastoral nomadism is a threatened way of life because A) of competition for resources. B) the nomads often cross international borders. C) it is not an economically viable livelihood. D) increased population pressures. E) all of the above.

E

Swidden agriculture refers to A) clearing land to farm using slash and burn techniques. B) only farming cleared land for one to two years. C) terracing steep hillsides for agricultural purposes. D) all of the above. E) A and B only.

E

The Enclosure Movement altered the geography and agricultural practices of rural England by A) consolidating oddly shaped fields. B) encouraging the use of more farm machinery. C) displacing farmers. D.) all of the above E) A and B only.

E

The major difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture is A) where the product is consumed. B) that commercial agriculture is primarily focused on profit. C) that land ownership in subsistence agricultural communities is often communal. D) that in subsistence agriculture the motivation is to feed one's family. E) all of the above.

E

Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, mixed crop and livestock agriculture would be located in A) New England. B) the Midwest. C) the Pacific Northwest. D) southeastern states. E) Great Plains.

E

What activity typifies extensive commercial agriculture? A) Wheat and grain farming. B) Livestock ranching. C) Banana plantations in Latin America. D) Mixed crop and livestock operations in Iowa. E) A and B only.

E

What advantages do cattle feedlots have over traditional methods of livestock ranching? A) Feedlots combine a number of steps in the meat packing industry in one location. B) Feedlots are more efficient at adding weight to cattle. C) Feedlots reduce transportation costs of cattle prior to being slaughtered. D) Feedlots reduce transportation costs of the finished product. E) All of the above.

E

What conclusion can one make with regard to the connection between the second agricultural revolution and the Industrial Revolution? A) Advancements in agricultural production helped feed the expanding population. B) Technological advancements helped increase agricultural production. C) Transportation improvements made more food available to urban populations. D) None of the above. E) A and B only.

E

What was the advantage of domesticating animals? A) Animals provided meat. B) Animals provided milk. C) Animals provided furs and skins. D) Animals were beasts of burden. E) All of the above.

E

Why did von Thunen include a forestry ring in his model of agricultural land use? A) Wood was quickly becoming a scarce resource. B) Wood was used for construction purposes and heating. C) Wood is heavy and therefore expensive to transport. D) Wood was a sustainable product. E) B and C only.

E

von Thunen's agricultural land use model assumes A) there is a flat isotopic plane. B) there are uniform soils across the landscape. C) there are no physical features present, such as rivers or mountains. D) all goods use the same form of transportation. E) alloftheabove.

E