UCF - IDS 3933 - Devon Bazata - WWW - Final
Which of the following best describes the interdisciplinary skill of "thinking outside the box?"
Ask yourself how conflicting insights into the problem might both be right in some sense.
Things that are accepted as true or certain are called _______________.
Assumptions
Authorial assumptions can include:
Assumptions that characterize a particular disciplinary perspective Assumptions of convenience Assumptions supported by authors cited in the work The answer: All of the above
The academic content of disciplines includes certain "thinking tools" that it uses to study "a set of objects or subjects." These thinking tools are called _______________.
"defining elements"
A discipline's "thinking tools" or "defining elements" constitute its ________________.
"knowledge domain"
Directing your attention inward, causing you to examine the assumptions and premises you have used to construct the logical argument presented in your work is called _____________.
"strong sense" critical thinking
A branch of learning or body of knowledge such as physics, psychology, or history is called______________.
A Discipline
A visual metaphor of the organizational units that constitute a university discussed in Chapter 5 is ________________.
A cluster of silos
The product of interdisciplinary studies refers to____________.
A more comprehensive understanding of the problem
A collection of your work, which is gathered in a form that can be shared with an audience is called _________________.
A portfolio
The grouping of things according to their common characteristics is called ___________________.
A taxonomy
A generalized scholarly explanation about some aspect of the natural or human world, how it works, and how specific facts are related is called ______________.
A theory
A generalized scholarly explanation about some aspect of the natural or human world, how it works, and why specific facts are related, that is supported by research and data is called _________________.
A theory
To interrogate in an interdisciplinary sense means to _____________________.
Ask critical and probing questions of each relevant discipline
The story of your academic or intellectual journey told from your point of view is called ____________.
An intellectual autobiography
The great value of interdisciplinary studies is that it challenges us to confront difference but to do so in a way that respects different viewpoints. This value, needed especially in collaborative learning and research contexts, is ______________.
Appreciation of diversity
The position of your textbook on instrumental and critical interdisciplinarity is that ______________.
Both conceptions share this commonality: They question the disciplines.
The _____________ approach to integration defines "problem" broadly to include almost any line of inquiry that requires and interdisciplinary approach.
Broad model
Your "cognitive" or "intellectual" ability to think, perceive, analyze, create, and solve problems is called __________.
Capacity
For interdisciplinary research, the first step in conducting a literature search is ________________.
Categorize publications according to their disciplinary source
Careful analysis of a text that begins with attending to individual words, sentence structure, and the order in which sentences and ideas unfold is called ___________.
Close Reading
That which is created between conflicting disciplinary insights, assumptions, concepts, or theories and makes integration possible is called __________________.
Common ground
Disciplinary approaches typically view the problem of homelessness through narrow disciplinary lenses, which reflects their disciplines narrow perspective on reality. For example, political science typically views homelessness as a public policy issue, and psychology views it as primarily a mental health issue. An interdisciplinary approach would view homelessness as a _____________.
Complex problem caused by multiple factors
Having multiple parts that are connected and interact in sometimes unexpected ways with each other is the definition of _________________.
Complexity
Abstract ideas generalized from particular instances or symbols expressed in language that represent phenomena are called _________.
Concepts
A major strength of the ________________ integrative approach is its rigorous correlation of related knowledge and rich exchange in discipline-specific content.
Conceptual
The _____________ integrative strategy is used widely in the sciences and is designed to take scientific and mathematical thinking beyond the facts to the level of the underlying concepts.
Conceptual
The innate human ability to create new meaning by blending concepts and creating new ones is called the theory of ______________.
Conceptual integration
If you wanted to study the subject of fresh water scarcity as a complex whole, Chapter 6 urges you to _____________.
Consult the relevant disciplines in the social sciences as well as those in the natural sciences.
The circumstance or setting in which the problem, event, statement, or idea exists is called _____________.
Context
A major strength of the ________________ integrative approach is that humanists enable readers and viewers to make highly creative and far-reaching connections among disciplinary insights.
Contextual
The ____________________ approach to integration is used by humanists and those in the fine and performing arts to embed the object of the study in the fabric of time, culture, and personal experience.
Contextual
A _____________ often occurs when different disciplinary perspectives and unrelated ideas are brought together.
Creative breakthrough
The form of interdisciplinarity that adopts an attitude of suspicion and calls into question not only research data, but also the researcher, the research design, and the interpretation of findings is called______________.
Critical interdisciplinarity
__________________ is the belief that knowledge can be objective, but not certain and absolute as dualism assumes.
Critical pluralism
The capacity to analyze, critique, and assess is called __________.
Critical thinking
According to Chapter 12 of the textbook, there are three proven strategies for critically analyzing disciplinary insights and locating their sources of conflict. They include all but the following:
Decomposing the problem
The purpose of interdisciplinary studies is to _____________.
Develop your capacity to integrate and apply knowledge
The approach of _______________ research is to choose from upward of a dozen or so specialized methods to study a particular phenomenon.
Disciplinary
Underlying the assumption of disciplinary inadequacy is the judgment that ________________.
Disciplinary approaches are "partial" and "biased"
Disciplinary authors typically write from the perspective of their discipline, which could lead to _________________.
Disciplinary assumptions
Favoring one discipline's understanding of the problem at the expense of competing understandings of the same problem offered by other disciplines is called ____________.
Disciplinary bias
Divisions or colleges or schools or "faculties" including the natural sciences, the social sciences, the humanities, the fine and performing arts, the applied fields, and the professions are _____________.
Disciplinary categories
The view that the disciplines by themselves are simply not equipped to address complex problems comprehensively is called __________________.
Disciplinary inadequacy
A good research question should be free of _________________.
Disciplinary jargon
The development of __________ allowed geographically isolated specialists to keep abreast of the latest research and also give them a forum for presenting their own research.
Disciplinary journals
A discipline's unique view of reality that is like a lens through which it views the world is called _____________.
Disciplinary perspective
There is a close connection between an author's ______________ and the kind of supportive evidence the discipline considers reliable.
Disciplinary perspective
Developing a data management system will help ____________________.
Easy retrieval of critical information from the insights being analyzed
Programs and mandates that are "research based" are also called "______________."
Evidence based
In the context of interdisciplinary writing and research, to "critically analyze" means to be critical of ______________ and to locate sources of conflict between insights.
Expert evidence
Decomposing a problem is almost always aided by _______________________.
Externalizing the problem
Creating a table in Word or Excel is the only acceptable way to organize your information.
False
The relevance of a discipline can be judged by the quantity of research available.
False
In the context of interdisciplinary studies, this intellectual capacity is a positive attitude that recognizes the limits of one's training and expertise and seeks to overcome these limits by drawing on expertise from multiple disciplines.
Humility
Step 5 of the Broad Model:
Identifies the key elements of insights and locates their sources of conflict
To gain a more comprehensive perspective on any complex problem, you must be able to _______________.
Identify which disciplines are potentially relevant to the problem
As the modern university took shape, disciplinarity was reinforced in two major ways: disciplines recruited students to their ranks to produce a new generation of teachers and researchers, and __________.
Industries demanded and received specialists from the universities
Scholarly contributions to the clear understanding of a complex problem, object, or text are called ___________.
Insights
The problem-centered approach is also known as the _________________ approach.
Instrumental
Interdisciplinary studies fosters this intellectual capacity which is at the heart of the interdisciplinary process and involves critically evaluating disciplinary insights and locating their sources of conflict, creating common ground among them and constructing a more comprehensive understanding of the problem. This capacity is ____________.
Integration
__________________ is the product of the various contributing interdisciplinary insights into the problem. The resultant interdisciplinary whole stands as more than the sum of its disciplinary parts.
Integration
_______________ regard integration as the key distinguishing characteristic of interdisciplinarity and the goal of fully interdisciplinary work.
Integrationist interdisciplinarians
One of the critical thinking attitudes needed is the _____________ to challenge your own beliefs and worldviews and to disagree with your friends and family.
Intellectual courage
The approach of ______________ research is to study a topic or question that is inherently complex and whose parts are the focus of two or more disciplines, integrate their insights, and construct a more comprehensive understanding of the topic or question.
Interdisciplinary
The putting of elements together - integrating them - to produce something that is new, coherent, and whole is called __________.
Interdisciplinary creation
The cognitive process of critically evaluating disciplinary insights and creating common ground among them to construct a more comprehensive understanding is called ___________________.
Interdisciplinary integration
______________ is no linear, but rather involves reflecting on and possibly revising earlier decisions as new information comes to light.
Interdisciplinary process
A cognitive process by which individuals or groups draw on disciplinary perspectives and integrate their insights and modes of thinking to advance their understanding of a complex problem with the goal of applying it to a real-world problem is the definition of____________.
Interdisciplinary studies
Diane Halpern states, "Better thinking is not a necessary outcome of traditional discipline-based instruction. However, when thinking skills are explicitly taught for transfer, using multiple examples from several disciplines, students can learn to improve how they think in ways that transfer across academic domains." The point she is making is that __________________.
Interdisciplinary studies shifts one's focus from a narrow disciplinary context to a broader interdisciplinary context.
The core of the integrationist position is that integration ______________.
Is generally achievable
The significance of Bloom's revised taxonomy of levels of intellectual behavior for interdisciplinary studies is that ________________.
It elevates the cognitive abilities of creating and integrating to the highest level of knowledge
The textbook's position on interdisciplinarity, particularly in its instrumental form is that:
It is not a rejection of the disciplines but is firmly rooted in them and offers a corrective to their dominance.
One key to making the transition from being a passive recipient to and active participant is to ask of any scholarly work: Are the conclusions reached ____________ by the supporting arguments and evidence?"
Justified
When interdisciplinarians include statements in their introductory remarks explaining whey the problem is complex, that the issue is unresolved, that more than two disciplines offer important insights, etc., they are ________________________.
Justifying the use of an interdisciplinary approach
Part of being critical of expert evidence, especially if you agree with the author, is to analyze carefully the _____________ the author privileges, and know ________________.
Kind of evidence; how the author uses the evidence
"Minimum Depth" refers to __________________.
Knowing the perspective of each discipline relevant to the problem.
Thinking critically about disciplinary insights is aided considerably by deconstructing a complex problem to reveal its disciplinary parts. This is called:
Mapping interdisciplinary connections
The awareness of your own learning and thinking processes, often described as "thinking about your thinking" is called ____________.
Metacognition
Particular procedures or processes or techniques used by a discipline's practitioners to conduct, organize, and present research are called ______________.
Methods
As an interdisciplinary studies student, you need a basic understanding of theory because __________.
More than ever before, theory dominates scholarly discourse
The approach that typically views the complex problem through the lenses of a few selected disciplines, in a serial fashion, much as the men did in the fable of the elephant and blind men is called __________________.
Multidisciplinary
Experiencing several plausible yet contradictory explanations of the same phenomenon is called ______________.
Multiplicity
Bloom's taxonomy notes that students often begin their college careers as ___________________, but (hopefully) complete them as ________________ of knowledge.
Passive recipients, critical analysts
A process in which researchers scrutinize and critique each other's work in search of possible shortcomings or alternative explanations is called ______________.
Peer review
Allowing your own point of view (e.g., your politics, faith tradition, cultural identity) to influence how you understand or approach the problem is called _____________.
Personal bias
A discipline's unique view of that part of reality that it is typically most interested in is called ____________.
Perspective
The intellectual capacity to view a complex problem, phenomenon, or behavior from multiple perspectives, including disciplinary ones, in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of it is called _______________.
Perspective taking
The intellectual capacity to view a problem or subject or artifact from alternative viewpoints, including disciplinary ones, in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of it is called _________.
Perspective taking
______________ is a prerequisite for turning multidisciplinary work into interdisciplinary work.
Perspective taking
Viewing a problem as a whole and making connections help us end up with a list of disciplines that are _________________.
Potentially relevant
A major strength of the ______________ integrative approach is its emphasis on the development of a solid understanding of the relevant disciplines with an activist view of how to put the disciplines at the service of the problem and other human concerns.
Problem-centered
The _______________ approach to integration uses issues of public debate, product development, or an intervention such as one designed to improve health and well-being as focal points for making connections between disciplines and integrating their insights.
Problem-centered
To critically analyze scholarly work, we should:
Question the conclusions Question the supporting arguments Question authorial assumptions The Answer: All of the above
What does interdisciplinary reductionism involve?
Reduces complex things to simpler or more fundamental things. Disciplinary reductionism assumes that by dividing a complex problem, object, or behavior into its constituent parts and studying them separately, the knowledge produced by narrow specialities
A key element of interdisciplinary research is _________________________.
Reflection
The following is an example of _____________________: "How has this process enlarged my understanding of the problem or project as a whole?"
Reflection
Part of the attraction of interdisciplinarity, according to Chapter 6, is its embrace of epistemological pluralism, which ______________.
Rejects notions of absolute truth and embraces the ambiguity htat arises out of conflict and difference
If a discipline's experts have produced one of more insights into a problem, then the discipline is ________________.
Relevant
______________ is the process of gathering information to understanding how some aspect of the human world functions.
Research
A ________________ is a descriptive statement that identifies the subject, problem, or behavior to be studied.
Research question
A _________________ is an explicit set of criteria for evaluating a particular type of work or activity.
Rubric
One of the critical thinking attitudes needed is the _____________ of your own biases.
Self-awareness
Self-conscious, careful thinking about your behavior and beliefs, why you made certain choices at various points, and how these choices have affected the outcome is called ______________.
Self-reflection
Concerning interdisciplinary learning and disciplinary specialization, your textbook takes the position that interdisciplinary learning _______________.
Should strive to balance disciplinary specialization with interdisciplinary integration
__________________ means reading a publication cursorily, not with the intent to fully comprehend the author's argument and findings.
Skimming
____________ kind of thinking makes it less likely that you will be able to answer the larger, more important, practical questions of life.
Specialized
The Broad Model
Step 1: Define the problem or state the research question Step 2: Justify using an interdisciplinary approach Step 3: Identify relevant disciplines Step 4: Conduct a literature search Step 5: Critically analyze the disciplinary insights into the problem and locate their sources of conflict Step 6: Reflect on how the interdisciplinary process has enlarged your understanding of the problem Broad Model subsumes other approaches Broad Model enables researchers in any interdisciplinary field or program to draw on disciplines from across the natural sciences, the social sciences the humanities, the fine and performing arts and the applied fields regardless of their epistemological distance from each other Broad model portrays interdisciplinary research as a cognitive process that proceeds developmentally from problem to understanding. Broad Model provides an easy-to-follow road map of interdisciplinary process consisting of step-like decision points. Broad Model is not a linear progression though.
Perspective taking exposes the:
Strengths and limitations of disciplines
How do Critical Pluralists view things?
Students who are critical pluralist thinkers believe that knowledge can be objective, but not certain and absolute as dualists assume. Critical pluralists accept the pluralism of relativism without drawing the relativist conclusion that "anything goes." Critical pluralists view multiple and conflicting disciplinary perspectives on a subject as more or less well-reasoned judgements. So, when presented with a range of disciplinary perspectives on a subject, critical pluralists view each as partial and none as complete.
What are dualistic thinkers?
Students who are dualistic thinkers believe that knowledge is objective, certain, and absolute. They think in terms of dualistic categories such as right-wrong, true-false, correct-incorrect, or g0od-bad. So, when confronted with multiple and conflicting pieces of information, they reject as false or mistaken any views that challenge their own. Similarly, they tend to reject divergent disciplinary perspectives that are raised in interdisciplinary subjects as being "wrong" while believing their own perspective is "right"
Branches or specialties within disciplines are _______________.
Subdisciplines
Critical thinking
The capacity to analyze, critique, and assess.
"No one can predict the issues that science and society will consider most pressing in the decades to come. But if we look at some high priority issues and pressing research questions of today, we can predict that future issues will be so complex as to require the insights from multiple disciplines" (National Academies, 2005, p. 26) The point that the National Academies is making is that ____________.
The complex reality makes an interdisciplinary approach necessary.
The underlying premise of interdisciplinary studies is that____________.
The disciplines are themselves the necessary foundation of the interdisciplinary enterprise
What is the instrumental approach?
The instrumental approach is a pragmatic conception of interdisciplinarity that focuses on research, borrowing (from disciplines), and practical problem solving in response to the demands of society. The instrumental approach embraces the full diversity of authors and perspectives, rather than rejecting their legitimacy or, as Vickers indicates, "drawing the focus away from those with which one disagrees, as critical interdisciplinarity does." Sees interdisciplinarity as a way to solve complex practical problems
Understanding the past is relevant to interdisciplinary studies because ____________.
The present dominance of the disciplines is rooted in the past
The engine of knowledge production that far outstripped any other method of learning devised by any previous civilization consisted of ______________.
The university and the disciplines
Interdisciplinarians interrogate disciplinary perspectives by asking three questions: 1. What is the discipline's perspective on the particular subject? 2. How does each perspective illumine our understanding of the subject as a whole? 3. what are the strengths and limitations of each perspective?
True
Driving the growing interdependence of industry and education in the twentieth century was an economic system that increasingly depended on the availability of specialists and professionals. Under this system, the disciplines and the universities served two vital functions: They trained persons for careers in government and business, and ________________.
They gave these new professions legitimacy and status by providing them with academic credentials
"Decomposing" a problem means ______________.
To break down a problem into its component parts.
Externalizing a problem means getting the problem down to some simplified form to show its main variables, parameters, or elements and how these relate to each other.
True
One way the broad model interdisciplinary research process has an advantage over other research processes is because it subsumes (includes, absorbs) them.
True
The term "skewed" refers tot he degree to which an insight reflects the biases inherent in the discipline's perspective and thus the way an author understands the problem resulting from the author's deliberate decision or unconscious predisposition to omit certain information that pertains to the problem.
True
There are differences between disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to critical reading and thinking.
True
Whether integration is "partial" or "full" is not as important as whether or not integration actually occurred.
True
When highly educated individuals are unaware of the social, ethical, economic, and biological dimensions of a policy or action and are unable to calculate its possible impacts, this is called _________________.
Tunnel vision
The term "epistemic position" refers to your ____________.
Understanding of the nature of knowledge and how you determine truth
Foundational to learning is __________.
Understanding why things are the way they are
The statement that each disciplinary perspective is only partial means that __________.
We may miss the "big picture" of the issue
One of the first questions interdisciplinarians ask as they begin studying a complex problem is:
Which disciplines are relevant to the problem?
The "so what" question explains:
Why we should care about the problem
The more time you spend in college, the greater your awareness of the _____________ of expertise.
limitations