UCSP

Homo erectus

"Upright man" these hominids became skillful hunters and invented more sophisticated tools for digging, scraping and cutting. They also became the first hominids to migrate from Africa. Also were the first to use fire.

Neolithic Age

(Cultural Evolution) - Polished stone tools - Domestication of plants and animals - Living in permanent places

Paleolithic Age

(Cultural Evolution) - Unpolished stone implements - Hunting and gathering - Nomadic way of living

Mesolithic Age

(Cultural Evolution) - the middle period of the Stone Age, between the Paleolithic and Neolithic

Homo Sapiens

- A species of the creatures Hominid who have larger brains and to which humans belong, dependent of language and usage of tools. - The species name means "Wise Man" - The present human race belongs to this species.

Homo habilis

- extinct species of upright east African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics - "Handy Man" - First to make stone tools.

Hominids

- humans and other creatures that walk upright

The Yellow River Civilization of China

In 3000 B.C. the Yellow River Valley was settled by farmers. Chinese legends holds that Xia dynasty arose and flourished during the prehistoric period.

Government

In civilized societies government became more organized. There were rulers who issued laws and officials to carry them out.

The Cradles of Civilization

Is the term that refers to civilization that emerged independently. All of these civilizations developed around rivers, it provided enough water for large-scale agriculture, enabling people to abandon a hunter gatherer lifestyle and to grow and store surplus food.

Indus Valley Civilization of India

The ancient civilization of the Indus Valley, located in modern Pakistan, is unique because unlike the continuously existing civilization of Mesopotamia, Egypt and China it rose and fell, leaving only mysterious ruins to testify to its existence.

Tigris-Euphrates River Civilization of Mesopotamia

The most known ancient civilization was in Mesopotamia, in a region which lies in modern Iraq. It is sometimes called the Fertile Crescent because it is a crescent-shape area between Tigris and Euphrates river.

"Neolithic Revolution" is also called "Agricultural Revolution". It describes the origin and impact of food production-plant cultivation and animal domestication. "Neolithic" which means "New Stone Age" which is refer to techniques of grinding and polishing stone tools. More so, the main significance of the Neolithic was the new total economy rather than just the tool-making techniques. And now Neolithic refers to the first cultural period in a given region in which the first signs of domestication are present. The economy based on food production produced substantial changes in human lifestyle (Kottak, 2009).

What is Neolithic Revolution According to V. Gordon Childe?

The emergence of Civilization Kottak

states that most ancient civilizations have been studied by archaeologist rather than historians because those civilizations evolved before the advent of writing. The earliest Neolithic societies were egalitarian- people did not differ much in wealth, prestige, or power.

Australopithecus

- the earliest humanlike creature that flourished in eastern and southern Africa 3 to 4 million years ago - The first definite Hominid, their teeth share basic hominid characteristic of small canine, flat and thickly enameled molars and a parabolic dental arch, and there is ambiguous evidence that even the earliest australopithecines were bipedal. Bipedal refers to using two feet in moving.

Homo sapiens sapiens

- wise, wise humans - Subspecies known as Cro-Magnon characterized to be anatomically modern humans and lived in the last Ice age of Europe - They were the first to produce art in in cave paintings and crafting decorated tools and accessories.

Religion

Civilized societies had organized religions with a powerful, trained, and wealthy priesthood. From the priesthood, people derived their values and attitudes toward life.

Specialization

Civilized societies were specialist-artisan, merchants, priests, record-keepers, government officials, farmers. In exchange for the food they got from the villages, city dwellers supplied farmers with good manufactured in the city. It encouraged trade, local and regional, and trade encouraged the exchange of ideas.

Cities

Civilized societies were urban societies, for civilization developed in cities. They were larger and more complex than villages. They had palaces, temples, markets, workshops, and homes.

Democracy comes from the Greek word demokratia: demos meaning "people" and kratia meaning "government". Therefore, democracy is "government of the people" At the present time the world democracy has rather magical connotation and somewhat tranquilizing effect. Any citizen who persuaded that its own government system is a democratic one is likely to accept the political power exercised by that system.

DEMOCRACY (demokratia)

1. HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES 2. HORTICULTURAL AND PASTORAL SOCIETIES 3. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES AND THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION 4.INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES 5.POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOCIETIES

Both as a process as a concept, democratization draws on long history. It might be most readily understood as a concept that encapsulates the expansion of a set of related political ideals with different intellectual vintages that gain public prominence during the emergence of capitalist modernity.

Democratization

The Nile Valley Civilization of Egypt

Egypt was known as the Gift of the Nile because the annual flooding of the Nile made possible for agriculture on which Egyptian civilizations was based.

1. Cities 2. Writing 3. Specialization 4. Government 5. Religion

Features of Civilizations

Writing

Written language enabled people to preserve, organize and expand their knowledge. It made it easier for government officials, priests, and merchants to carry out their duties.