UIL Social Studies 2023-2024
Demolition of Babri Masjid
- A large North Indian Mosque - Said to be constructed over the birthplace of Rama (Hindu god of chivalry and virtue and the seventh avatar of Vishnu) - In the 1990s the temple came under nationalist Hindu activists who disliked its location and representation - In 1992 the temple was demolished completely
Gorkland Movement
- A movement in the northern part of the region of West Bengal - This movement is for the separation from West Bengal into the state of Gorkhaland - This is because of their linguistic differences, speaking mostly Rajbongshi.
Dharasana Salt Works Protest
- A protest in Gujarat over the British Salt tax - Occurred in 1930 - 2,500 men and some women marched on the Dharasana Salt Works, raiding it - This would result in the condemnation of the British Salt monopoly.
Sri Aurobindo Ghose
- Born in Calcutta 1872, he was an indian nationalist who propounded a philosophy of divine life on Earth through a spiritual evolution - Turning to his native culture, he began the serious study of Yoga and Indian languages, including classical Sanskrit. - From 1902-1910 he fought against the British raj from India and eventually fled and found refuge in pondicherry
Emergency Order in India (1975)
- In 1975 India was in an economic crisis, there were mass protests across the nation over recent actions to give more power to the central government, the oil crisis of 1973 was still affecting the nation, and they had only recently exited a war with Pakistan. - Indira Gandhi as prime minister would lead the nation to recovery through her '20-point' economic programme. - This would increase agricultural and industrial production, improve public services
Brahmaputra River
- It is a river that travels through Tibet to the Bengal Delta - Only River named after a man (The son of lord Brahma)
Government of India Act (1935)
- Separated Burma from India - Established the Indian Reserve Bank - Established the Federal Public Service Commission (ensured political service was based on merit in the Indian Civil Service) - Established the Provincial Public Service Commision (ensured political service was based on merit in the Indian Provincial governments)
Bharata
- The avatar of Vishnu -Great Emperor of India (3000 BC)
Deccan Plateau
- The central plateau that most of India is built upon
Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten,
-1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma -Part of the British royal family, cousin to King George VI -Last viceroy of India, only served 5 months in office -Governor-general of India -he helped mediate the separation of India and Pakistan -Assassinated by Irish terrorists -Commander of the Southeast Asia theater in WW2
Concert for Bangladesh
-A benefit concert that was organized by former Beatles guitarist George Harrison and sitar player Ravi Shankar. - Was held in Madison Square Garden, New York City - Raised $250,000 for the relief of Bangladesh after the Bangladesh Independence War (and subsequent genocide)
Commonwealth of Nations
-A collective of nations derived from the Old British Empire. -Includes countries like India, Great Britain, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
Caste System
-A hereditary class that defines your roles and obligations in a society, as well as and societal restrictions.
Divide and Rule
-A military and diplomatic strategy where you divide the forces of an enemy to attack them separately. - In Indian history this concept would be used to divide the princes and make it easier to subjugate them.
Arunachal Pradesh
-A region in Northeastern India in contention between India and China -Territory as fought over between the two nations in the Sino-Indian War of 1979 -Capital in Itanagar
Charkha
-A spinning wheel -It symbolizes self sufficiency and independence
Dahala Khagrabari
-A third tier Indian enclave inside of Bangladesh inside of India
Dr. Muhammad Iqbal
-Advocated for a separate Muslim State from British India -Famous classical poet (persian and urdu) -Criticized Indian nationalism because it led to racism and imperialism, and because it was not founded on an adequate degree of common purpose -His poems often expressed his desire for an Islamic state
Subhas Chandra Bose
-Born in 1897 -Joined the Indian National Congress, quickly rose through the ranks with the support of the people
British Raj
-British Crown rule over India. Lasted from 1857-1946. -Formed after the Sepoy Rebellion or the Rebellion of 1857
Allan Octavian Hume
-British ornithologist -One of the first conveners of the Indian National Congress -Served as the General Secretary of Indian National Congress for its first 22 years -Favoured greater Indian control in the british colonial government as a result of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 and the government mishandling of colonial indian affairs -Father of Indian Ornithology
Mother Teresa
-Catholic nun from Albania, who served in India. -Established the Missionaries of Charity, a congregation of nuns who run a bunch of charitable endeavors. -Died in 1997, canonized by the Church in 2016.
Colombo/1996 Central Bank bombing
-Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka - Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam(terrorist group) - 91 people died, 100 lost their eyesight, and 1500 people were injured. (2 US citizens were killed
MK Stalin
-Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu since 2021. -Member of the Tamil Nadu assembly since 1996. -Mayor of Chennai from 1996 to 2002. -Named for Joseph Stalin, who died four days after his birth.
Chennai (Madras)
-City in Southeast India. -Original capital of the East India Company -Native people are called Tamil
Narendra Modi
-Current prime minister of India -Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014. -PM since 2014.
Awami League
-East-Pakistani political party based in 1949 -Was established to fight for Bengali independence -One of the several Muslim Leagues
Chauri Chaura Incident
-February 4, 1922. -Violent clash between Indian nationalists and police. 3 civilians were killed by police, and when a police station was set on fire, 22 Indian policemen died.
Jawaharlal Nehru
-First Prime Minister of India (1947-64) -Sister Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit became the first female president of the UN's General Assembly -Went to Cambridge -Father of Indira Gandhi, former prime minister of india
George Nathaniel Curzon of Kedleston
-Former Lord President of the Council of the United Kingdom -Viceroy of india from 1899 to 1905 -Restored to Taj Mahal and hated Russians (thought they were a threat) -Sent expeditions to Tibet
Hussain Muhammad Ershad
-Former President of Bangladesh -President from 1983 to 1990 -Considered a dictator. -Seized power in a bloodless coup in 1982. -Pushed to make Islam the state religion
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
-Former President of India -"Missile Man" helped develop India's first Intermediate ballistic Missiles -Subject of the famous movie "I am Kalam"
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
-Former President of Pakistan -Law major from oxford -4th prez. O' Pakistan and and 9th prime minister -Founder of the PPP (Pakistan Peoples Party) -Was overthrown later because he demonized his opponents (NAP)
Mohamed Amin Didi
-Former President of the Maldives -1st president of the maldives -Leader of the Rayyithunge Muthagaddim Party (people's progress party) -had no opposition (conveniently) -had efforts to advance the country -Son of Muhamid Fareed Didi
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
-Former President of the Maldives -President from 1978-2008 -Survived three coups against him. -His administration committed many human rights abuses, namely torture and political killings. -Corrupt autocrat.
A. K. Fazlul Huq
-Former Prime Minister of Bengal -Known as Sher-e-Bangla (tiger of Bengal) -Fierce advocate of Pakistan and Bangladesh Independence -1st Muslim mayor of calcutta -Funeral had a crowd of over 500,000 -Created the Rin Salishi (debt review) and the Bengali shop worker bill
Indira Gandhi
-Former Prime Minister of India -3rd prime minister of India -Prime Minister from 1966 to 1977, and 1980 to 1984 -Went to war with Pakistan, had some border conflicts with China, and authorized an attack on the Sikh Golden Temple. -The latter motivated her assassination.
Rajiv Gandhi
-Former Prime Minister of India -6th prime minister -Took power after his mother(Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi) was assassinated (3th prime minister) -He was assassinated in 1990
Benazir Bhutto
-Former Prime Minister of Pakistan -Educated at Harvard Postgraduate in international law -1990 the president of Pakistan, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, dismissed her government corruption and other malfeasance Led to new elections -First female prime minister in Pakistan Self imposed exile from 1998-
Imran Khan
-Former Prime Minister of Pakistan -Former cricket player -Won Pakistan the Cricket World Cup in 1992. -Retired immediately afterwards. -Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2018-2022 -Now jailed for political corruption -Pakistan's first prime minister to be removed on a non-confidence vote
Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike
-Former Prime Minister of Sri Lanka -"The Silver Bell of Asia" -(1951) founder of the nationalist Sri Lanka (Blessed Ceylon) Freedom Party -(1955) the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP; People's United Front) -Talduwe Somarama shot him on sept. 25, 1959
Sirimavo Bandaranaike
-Former Prime Minister of Sri Lanka -Worlds first women prime minister -Socialist economic policies (Hyper enforced by her and her party) -Neutrality -Encouraged Buddhism inside the nation -Enforced Sinhales language (ancient Sri Lankan language brought over by the first settlers)
Velupillai Prabhakaran
-Former founder and leader of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam -Sought to create a separate Tamil state as a response to the oppression of Tamil peoples by the Sri Lankan Government -undertook a 25-year long military campaign -protested the oppression of Tamils -seen as a martyr by Tamils in Sri Lanka -influenced by Subhas Chandra Bose and Bhagat Singh
Pervez Musharraf
-Former president of Pakistan -Started his career in the military. Fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. -Became head of the Pakistani military in 1998, fought India for the Kargil district in 1999(and lost), and then staged a coup d'état against Nawaz Sharif. -Served as president from 2001-2008. Advocated for both conservatism and socialism but also liberalism???(Wikipedia lol) -Convicted of High treason in 2019 and sentenced to death, but this was later annulled -Died in 2023.
Cyril Radcliffe
-Given the task of separating India and Pakistan, responsible for the establishment of the Radcliffe Line -his boundary led to the displacement of 14 million people and the death of several thousand to 2 million -given the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire -Former British Lord of Appeal in Ordinary
Siddhartha Gautama: The Buddha
-Hindu Prince (562-483) BC -Saw the 4 signs (aged man, sick man, dead man, religious ascetic) and turned to be a religious teacher -Preached his "middle way" with the 4 noble truths
Bhagavad Gita
-Hindu Religious Scripture -Written by Vyasa (Regarded as the human embodiment of the god Vishnu) -It is the story of the battles, trials, and tribulations of the warrior-prince Arjuna and the god Krishna
Sir William Jones
-Increased interest in oriental studies in the western world -Learned over 28 languages during his lifetime including Persian, Latin, Greek, Chinese, Hebrew, Arabic, and Sanskrit. -Wrote books on oriental linguistics like Grammar of the Persian Language(1771) -Knighted in 1783, sailed to Calcutta to be part of the supreme court. -Founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784 to encourage oriental studies -Wrote several papers on laws and customs in India, such as Institutes of Hindu Law(1794) and Muhammedan Law of Inheritance(1792) -Considered an authority on linguistics and oriental studies
Mahatma Gandhi
-Indian lawyer -Lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer -became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement -noted for his tactic of non-violent protest of British colonial government -Considered the father of the Indian nation
Gawkadal Massacre
-Indian paramilitary fired upon Kashmiri protestors on a bridge, killing 50-100. Some died by being shot, others drowned. -This protest was for Kashmiri independence.
Kalpana Chawla
-Indian-American astronaut - Died in the Columbia spaceship explosion -First Indian woman to go to space -Awarded the congressional space medal of honor
Driglam Namzha
-Is a formal code of etiquette and Dress in Butthan -Used to preserve culture/tradition -regulates a number of cultural assets such as art, the way we -speak and also our internal mind
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
-Leader of the untouchables -Got a scholarship to study in Britain, Germany and the US -Founding Father of the Indian Constitution; establishing anti-discriminatory laws against the untouchables -Poona Pact: British pact to give more seats to other groups inside of the Indian National Congress, specifically -Former Minister of Law and Justice of India
Day of Direct Action 1946/ Calcutta Killing
-Occurred 16 August, 1946 Calcutta, India or Kolkata -4,000 dead -Was a day when the Muslim League was taking direct action for the separation from India (Independence for Muslims)
Annapurna
-One of the several peaks of the Himalayan mountain range -Named after the goddess of food(kitchen) and nourishment -Considered to be the home of the goddess
Bharatiya Janata Party
-One of the two major Indian Political Parties -Established by Deendayal Upadhyaya in 1965 -Conservative with nationalistic foreign policy. -Held the presidency since 2017
Dalits
-People traditionally at the lowest caste of Indian society. -Also known as untouchables
Adi Granth
-Punjabi for, "First Book" -This is the sacred writing of the sikhs -Contains 6,000 hymns from the Sikh guru Guru Arjan Dev Ji
Bihar
-Region in northeastern India -82.7% Hindu, 16.8% Muslim -Linguistics: Bhojpuri, spoken in the west of the state, Maithili in the north, Magahi in center around capital Patna
Assam
-Region in the Eastern portion of India -Capital in Dispur
Buddhism
-Religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha. -Some of the main tenets include the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering -Founded in the fifth century BC or the 400s BC
Muhammad Fareed Didi
-Sultan of the Maldives -The last Sultan of Maldives -Elected as the 84th Sultan in 1954
Cellular Jail
-The Cellular Jail was a prison complex built between 1896 and 1906 in Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands union territory, India.
Cricket
-The National sport of India -This became the National sport of India after its victory at the 1983 Cricket World Cup -Played with a wooden pallet (like Baseball)
Black July
-The event that started the ethnic Civil War in Sri Lanka -Occurred due to increased unrest over differing ethnic groups inside of Sri Lanka (Tamil and Sinhales) -Killed 13 Sri Lankan soldiers, 3,000 Tamil citizens, making homeless 150,000 Tamilese.
Constitution of India (1950)
-The first constitution of the independent India -Declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic
Adwaita
-The longest living tortoise in modern history, living 255 years. -It was given to Robert Clive in 1757 after his victory at The Battle of Plassey. -It would live in Alipore Zoo, Calcutta
Ahimsa
-This is the Sanskrit rule for non-harmful actions. -You should not try to harm anyone in any way, avoiding harm through speech and thought.
Amritsar Massacre (1919)
-This was a massacre of several hundred Indian(Punjabi) peaceful protesters by a combined Gurkha and British forces. -This massacre would be ordered by Reginald Dyer (said to be launched because the Indian protesters were getting rowdy) -Killed 379 people and wounded 1,200 -Was a turning point in the freedom movement from domionship to complete independence -Said to be "un-British"-Winston Churchill
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
-Union territory of india -571 islands at the junction of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman sea
Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
-Was the first act of Civil Disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi -Was a protest in which they didn't grow indigo -It resulted in the Champaran Agrarian Act in 1918
Balochistan
-Western Region of coastal Pakistan -Capital in Balochistan
Dzongs
-a distinctive type of fortified monastery
Battle of Plassey(1757)
A battle between the forces of the British East India Company and the Nawab of Bengal and his french allies. The British emerged victorious, and this victory solidified the British control over India for the next 200 years. It was part of the Seven Years' War, and is considered the start of British rule in India.
Bengal Famine of 1943
A famine that resulted from the British stockpiling more food than usual in order to prepare the British troops in India for the Japanese invasion. It killed between 800,000 and 3.8 million people.
Adam's/Rama's Bridge
A large (48km) geographical feature of limestone shoals between the Pamban Island and Manner islands of India and Sri Lanka
Ganges River
A large river in India that runs from the Southern Great Himalayas down to the Bengal Delta.
Bay of Bengal
A large, shallow bay that is located in the Northeastern Indian Ocean and occupies an area of roughly 839,000 square miles(2,173,000 km2). It lies between latitudes 5o and 22o N and longitudes 80o and 90o E. it borders India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and the northern part of the Malay peninsula, as well as Bangladesh.
Enclave (second order, third order)
A piece of a country surrounded by another. A second order enclave is surrounded by another enclave, and a third order enclave is surrounded by an enclave within an enclave. Until 2015, India and Bangladesh had hundreds of enclaves on their borders, including the only third order enclave.
Dhaka
Capital of Bangladesh. -Is the largest city in Bangladesh -Named after the muslim traders who frequented the city called dakas
Delhi
City in the Capital Territory of India, not to be confused with New Delhi, which is contained within Delhi.
East India Company
Company which had a monopoly on British trade with India prior to 1857, in effect took over India themselves. Lost power after the Sepoy Rebellion.
Eastern Ghats
Discontinuous mountain range along India's Southeastern coast.
Five Ks
Five items that Sikhs are commanded to wear. Kesh-unshorn hair and beard Kangha-a comb for the kesh Kara-an iron or steel bracelet Kachera-an undergarment Kirpan-a curved sword
Dharma
From the dictionary: "the eternal and inherent nature of reality, regarded in Hinduism as a cosmic law underlying right behavior and social order"
Gurkha
Gurkha is a term that refers to the Nepalese shock troopers that are used in the British and Indian militaries. It references the town of Gurkha in Nepal, where the vast majority of these soldiers are recruited from. These soldiers are known for their brutal close-combat fighting style and Kukri Knives.
Goa/1961 Annexation
India attacked Portuguese Goa, which surrendered after two days of fighting, and was then annexed.
Diwali
Most important holiday in India. "Festival of Lights". Happens for 5-6 days from mid September to mid November based on the Hindu calendar.
Hindu Kush
Mountains in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Khyber Pass through here.
Himalayas
Mountains in India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. Where Mount Everest is.
civil disobedience
Non-violent form of protest in which the protesters refuse to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines.
Bangalore
One of India's largest cities and largest manufacturing centers for Information and communication technology (ICT). It is capital of the Indian state of Karnataka in southern India and was renamed Bengaluru in November of 2014. As of 2023, it has a population of 13,608,000.
Golden Temple
Pre-eminent holy place in Sikhism. Attacked in 1984 by India, contributing to the assassination of Indira Gandhi.
Hinduism
Primary religion of Indians. Oldest religion in the World. Based on Vedic Texts.
Gujarat
State in Northwest India. Where Gandhi and Modi are from.
Bhola Cyclone (1970)
The deadliest cyclone to have ever hit Bangladesh at the time of recording. The poor handling of the relief efforts for the disaster led to civil unrest in Bangladesh and the eventual bangladesh war of independence and 1971 genocide. Bangladeshi War of Independence and Banglali Genocide.
Gangkhar Puensum
The highest mountain in Bhutan and the highest unclimbed mountain in the world
Bollywood
The hindi language section of Indian cinema. It began in Bombay with "talkies" in the 1930's and has since grown into a internationally recognized film empire that is still producing films today. There films are primarily focused on the characters and stars rather than the overall plot or story. Some of their filmography includes: Mughal-e-Azam(1960), Sholay(1975), and Pakeezah(1972)
Adivasis
The name for the Indian tribes of the subcontinent, with their distribution being in. -Gujarat -West Bengal -Andaman and Nicobar Islands -Odisha -Northeast India -Pradesh -Feni -Andhra Pradesh -Maharashtra
Chittagong
The second largest city in Bangladesh after the capital city of Dhaka and third largest in the Bengal region after Dhaka and Kolkata. Chittagong is one of the oldest ports in the world, and is vital to Bangladesh's economy.
