Undernutrition

How much additional spending does the "Investing in Nutrition" report estimate is needed in order to achieve global stunting targets in ten years?

An additional 7 billion USD per year

nutritional indicator for children with the appropriate measurement used to asses them overweight

BMI-for-age

The unit used to measure the energy value of food.

Calories

The most critical time for positive impact on a child's development.

First 1,000 days

Puts women at a higher risk of giving birth to children with neural tube defects

Folic Acid deficiency

A term used to describe how far along a pregnancy is.

Gestational age

Which of the following are consequences of poor nutrition for the individual? (Choose all that apply.)

Impedes physical and cognitive development Impairs fetal development

Which of the following action(s) can increase the nutrition benefits of social safety nets? (Select all that apply.)

Include measures to be able to rapidly scale up programs in times of crisis Include social and behavior change programming on nutrition and health Target activities to the most nutritionally vulnerable populations

What is the definition of "small for gestational age (SGA)"?

Infants who weigh significantly less than the average for their gestational age

What are the three pathways through which agriculture influences nutrition

Influencing women's time and energy, generating income, and the production and consumption of food

When children do not grow well in utero, often a result of poor maternal nutrition.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

Widespread condition that results in goiter and/or reduced cognitive function

Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD)

Compromises the immune system and increases risk of child death from measles, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infections.

Iron deficiency

The most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide.

Iron deficiency

What is the main reason that the first 1,000 days is a critical window for nutrition interventions?

It is when undernutrition can cause irreversible stunting in children

The development of human beings' cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities and functioning over the course of the life span.

Psychosocial development

Interventions that address factors such as knowledge, attitudes, and social norms.

Social and behavior change

Systems that involve the transfer of food, cash, vouchers, or goods to vulnerable groups.

Social safety net

What are the trends in each of the major deficiencies? Vitamin A

South and South east Asia, Africa, Central America, Haiti, and Northeastern Brazil single most important cause of childhood blindness(not a concern for those who have a diet with eggs, dairy products, and green leafy vegetables) drying of eye membranes, softening of cornea, if not treated total blindness

Reflects chronic undernutrition, too short for age

Stunting

What does the term "malnutrition" describe?

Undernutrition Overnutrition Obesity

The underlying causes of malnutrition include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

a. Availability and access to food b. Household caring practices e. Availability, access and utilization of health services

Which of the following is a challenge that remains for nutrition programming?

a. Building more evidence on how nutrition-sensitive approaches like WASH, agriculture, and early childhood development can improve nutrition b. Reaching vulnerable or hard-to-reach groups, such as adolescents and the extreme poor, who are often the most affected by malnutrition c. Identifying interventions that reduce undernutrition while also preventing obesity d. Developing nutrition programs that are responsive to shocks and emergencies

Which of the following are components of a healthy diet? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Consuming a variety of foods and drinks from different sources b. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables d. Limiting intake of highly processed foods

Recommended breastfeeding practices include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

a. Early breastfeeding b. Continued breastfeeding d. Exclusive breastfeeding

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. In high income countries, poor households are more likely to experience obesity b. In low and middle income countries, wealthy households are more likely to experience obesity *****c. In most countries, as GDP increases, overweight and obesity rates generally decrease d. In many countries, there is a high prevalence of both overweight and underweight

Which of the following is a common cause of anemia?

a. Micronutrient deficiencies (including iron and Vitamin A) b. Infection (such as malaria or hookworm) c. Inflammation d. Genetic blood disorders (such as sickle cell anemia)

Which of the following indicators is commonly assessed for children 6-23 months of age?

a. Minimum dietary diversity b. Minimum meal frequency c. Minimum acceptable diet

During and after illness, children under the age of 2 require which of the following?

a. More food and fluid than normal

Which of the following are accurate statements about breastfeeding? (Select all that apply)

a. Optimal breastfeeding until the age of two could prevent the deaths of more than 800,000 children and 20,000 women per year b. Early breastfeeding can prevent postpartum bleeding in the mother

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding adolescent nutrition?

a. Pregnancy can cause competition between the development needs of the mother and the fetus b. Children of adolescent mothers are more prone to be born small-for-gestational age c. If an adolescent's nutritional needs are not met, they are at risk of delayed development and stunting

People living with HIV and AIDS are at greater risk of malnutrition due to which of the following?

a. Reduced food intake due to appetite loss b. Poor absorption of nutrients due to diarrhea c. Changes in metabolism d. Chronic infections and illness e. All of the above

Which of the following is an action that contributes to the psychosocial development of a child?

a. Talking b. Breastfeeding c. Playing

Which of the following are examples of undernutrition? (Choose all that apply.)

a. Wasting b. Micronutrient deficiencies c. Underweight

Fill in the blank: For every $1 invested in nutrition, an estimated ___ dollars is generated in economic growth and productivity?

$16

iodine deficiency

-Worlds single most important cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation-can reduce victims IQ by 15 points -Affects 400 million people in the world- Goiter - a disfiguring enlargement of the thyroid gland of on the neck -Cretinism- baby dwarfed or intellectually disabled from mother being iodine deficient

In 2017, how many people worldwide were estimated to suffer from malnutrition?

1 in 3

What is the estimate for how many children's lives would be saved over a decade if nutrition was fully funded?

3.7 million

How much is spent globally, on average, on nutrition?

3.9 billion USD

Worldwide, what percentage of children are still breastfed at 12 months of age?

38%

What percentage of deaths among children are due to malnutrition?

45%

Social and behavior change (SBC) programming is _____________.

A cross-cutting approach to increase the effectiveness of nutrition programming

Because of increasing rates of overweight and obesity, undernutrition is no longer a major public health issue.

False

Most countries are on-track to meet the World Health Assembly 2025 goals.

False

nutritional indicator for children (left column) with the appropriate measurement used to asses them stunting

Height-for-age

Match the cause of malnutrition with the appropriate level from the nutrition causal framework Nutrient intake

Immediate

Nutrition-specific interventions include all of the following EXCEPT:

Increased agricultural production of nutritious foods

The "triple burden of malnutrition" refers to the combination of which of the following?

Micronutrient deficiency, undernutrition, and overweight/obesity

Supplementation with iron/folic acid tablets during pregnancy can reduce the risk of anemia among infants at birth by _________.

More than 70%

Interventions that target the underlying causes affecting nutritional status.

Nutrition-sensitive

Which of the following is NOT an optimal breastfeeding practice?

Only providing breastmilk and water for the first six months of life

What is the goal of the Scaling up Nutrition movement?

To end malnutrition by 2030

Reflects acute undernutrition, too thin for height

Wasting

nutritional indicator for children with the appropriate measurement used to asses them Underweight

Weight-for-age

nutritional indicator for children with the appropriate measurement used to asses them wasting

Weight-for-height

What risks are associated with suboptimum breastfeeding?

all cause mortality and pneumonia mortality

Match the cause of malnutrition with the appropriate level from the nutrition causal framework Poverty and socio-economic environment

basic

It is when undernutrition can cause irreversible stunting in children

false

The connection between WASH interventions and nutrition is straightforward and easily demonstrated.

false

When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.

food security

folic acid, vitamin B12, and other micronutrient deficiencies

idk lots of stuff

Zinc deficiency

increased risk of diarrhoea, pneumonia, and malaria

Poor fetal growth contributes to...?

indirectly to neonatal deaths, particularly due to birth asphyxia and infections

iron deficiency

most common of all nutritional diseases, afflicts more people worldwide than any other single condition and may well be regarded as a public health epidemic -low energy, low activity -increases likelihood of maternal death, premature delivery, stillbirth -Most severe in India

Are changes in malnutrition prevalence measured at the individual or population level?

population

Are iodine levels in salt tested at the individual or population level?

population

What are some of the short- and long-term consequences of undernutrition?

short term: mortality, morbidity, disability long: adult size, intellectual ability, economic productivity, reproductive performances, metabolic and cardiovascular disease

What does undernutrition encompass?

stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of essential vitamins and minerals (micronutrients) as a form of malnutrition, with obesity or over-consumption of specific nutrients as another form.

A person can be stunted and obese at the same time.

true

Globally, more women now suffer from overweight or obesity than from undernutrition.

true

Nutrition-sensitive interventions are those that address the underlying causes of malnutrition, such as food security, access to health services, and poverty.

true

Match the cause of malnutrition with the appropriate level from the nutrition causal framework Access to health and WASH services

underlying