UNHS Evaluation 06 Chemistry 2 (SCIH 032 063)

Substitutions, additions, or deletions of one or more nucleotides in a DNA molecule are called a. gene mutations. b. transcriptions. c. codings. d. anemia

a. gene mutations.

The repeating monomers that make up cellulose are called a. glucose. b. lactose. c. fructose. d. sucrose.

a. glucose

What is the function of an enzyme? a. increases the rate of biochemical reactions b. causes biochemical reactions to stop and start c. acts as one of the reactants in a biochemical process d. provides extra heat for biochemical reactions

a. increases the rate of biochemical reactions

Which of the following functional groups does every nucleotide contain? a. phosphate b. halogen c. sulfur d. carboxyl

a. phosphate

How many termination code words are there? a. three b. four c. twenty d. thousands

a. three

emitted helium nucleus

alpha particle

any compound that contains an amino group and a carboxyl group in the same molecule

amino acid

How are radioactive isotopes used to diagnose thyroid problems? a. Production of radioactive iodine by the thyroid is measured. b. Uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland is measured. c. Destruction of damaged cells by radioisotopes is measured. d. Absorption of gamma rays from ingested radioisotopes is measured

b. Uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland is measured.

Which of the following reactions is an important part of the catabolic process in cells? a. manufacturing glucose through photosynthesis b. breakdown of proteins into amino acids c. building lipids from glycerine and fatty acids d. combination of simple sugars into polysaccharides

b. breakdown of proteins into amino acids

energetic electron from decomposed neutron

beta particle

What technique is used to identify a person from a sample of hair, skin cells, or body fluid? a. recombinant DNA technology b. genetic coding c. DNA fingerprinting d. genetic sequencing

c. DNA fingerprinting

any combination of amino acids in which the amino group of one acid is united with the carboxyl group of another through an amide bond

peptide

particle of charge +1 and mass equal to that of an electron

positron

a peptide with more than 100 amino acids

protien

spontaneous emission from the nucleus of an atom

radioactivity

atom with unstable nucleus

radioisotope

radiation detector that makes use of a phosphorcoated surface

scintillation counter

polymers produced by the linkage of monosaccharide monomers

Polysaccharide

A nitrogen isotope decays by positron emission. What element is the product of the decay? a. helium b. carbon c. nitrogen d. oxygen

b. carbon

nitrogen-containing polymers found primarily in cell nuclei

nucleic acid

monomers that make up DNA and RNA

nucleotides

What is the source of energy stored by ATP in cells? a. oxidation of biological compounds b. reduction of biological compounds c. synthesis of biological compounds d. polymerization of biological compounds

a. oxidation of biological compounds

Which particles maintain a nuclear chain reaction? a. neutrons b. radioactive products c. high-energy electrons d. alpha particles

a. neutrons

Which form of polysaccharide is found in animals? a. starch b. glycogen c. sucrose d. glucose

b. glycogen

What instrument is used routinely to check a person's exposure to radiation over a period of time? a. Geiger counter b. scintillation counter c. film badge d. tracer

c. film badge

process that decreases the number of slow-moving neutrons

neutron absorption

How does the radiation from radioisotopes cause damage to human tissue? a. by ionization knocking electrons away from atoms b. by breaking the bonds between atoms in molecules c. by causing nuclear chain reactions inside cells d. by causing transmutations of atoms within cells

a. by ionization knocking electrons away from atoms

What substances are used as neutron moderators in a nuclear reactor? a. carbon and water b. liquid sodium and water c. plutonium and neptunium d. cadmium or other metal

a. carbon and water

Which of the following is one way that nuclear reactions differ from chemical reactions? a. Atoms are not involved in nuclear reactions. b. Nuclear reactions are not affected by temperature. c. Nuclear reactions are slowed by increasing pressure. d. Nuclear reactions do not occur in a predictable manner.

b. Nuclear reactions are not affected by temperature.

The reaction responsible for producing the heat that maintains the temperature of your body is a. metabolism. b. catabolism. c. anabolism. d. photosynthesis.

b. catabolism.

Which of the following naturally occurring radioisotopes would be most useful in dating objects thought to be millions of years old? a. carbon-14; t = 5.73 x 103 years b. potassium-40; t = 1.28 x 109 years c. thorium-234; t = 25 days d. radon-222; t = 3.8 days

b. potassium-40; t = 1.28 x 109 years

How do lipids differ from most other biological molecules? a. Lipids tend to form hydrogen bonds with polar molecules. b. Lipids are composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen. c. A large part of each molecule in a lipid is hydrophobic. d. Lipids are produced only in plant cells.

c. A large part of each molecule in a lipid is hydrophobic.

How long do spent fuel rods remain dangerously radioactive? a. The rods are no longer radioactive because the radioisotopes are used up. b. Spent fuel rods remain radioactive for several years after the fuel is exhausted. c. It takes tens of thousands of years for the radioisotopes in the rods to decay to safe levels. d. It is impossible to determine how long it will take for the radioisotopes to decay because they last too long

c. It takes tens of thousands of years for the radioisotopes in the rods to decay to safe levels.

Which of the following reasons is why spent fuel rods are stored in a pool of water? a. Water recovers useful energy from the continuing reaction. b. Water increases the speed of the chain reaction in the fuel rods. c. Water acts as a radiation shield to reduce the radiation levels. d. Water dissolves the nuclear waste in the rods so it is easier to handle.

c. Water acts as a radiation shield to reduce the radiation levels.

The name of the process in which cells directly use solar energy to make food is a. polymerization. b. cellular oxidation. c. photosynthesis. d. cellular reduction.

c. photosynthesis

Which of the following statements is true about the function of DNA in the body? a. DNA transfers cell products. b. DNA confers structure on the cell. c. DNA makes enzymes work more efficiently. d. DNA stores the information needed to make protein.

d. DNA stores the information needed to make protein.

Ionizing radiation that is identical to helium nuclei is a. nuclear radiation. b. gamma radiation. c. beta radiation. d. alpha radiation.

d. alpha radiation.

What is the approximate half-life of uranium-238? a. hundreds of years b. thousands of years c. millions of years d. billions of years

d. billions of years

A triglyceride is a compound of glycerol and three a. alcohols. b. ethers. c. alkenes. d. fatty acids.

d. fatty acids

What functional group is present in the cyclic form of all carbohydrates? a. amino b. halogen c. carboxyl d. hydroxy

d. hydroxyl

The fundamental unit of life is a. the element. b. the nucleus. c. energy. d. the cell.

d. the cell

a sugar that forms from two monosaccharides

disaccharide

splitting of nucleus into smaller fragments

fission

combination of two nuclei to form a nucleus of greater mass

fusion

high-energy photons emitted by a radioisotope

gamma radiation

radiation detector that makes use of a gas-filled metal tube

geiger counter

process that slows down neutrons so a reactor fuel can capture them to continue a chain reaction

neutron moderation

conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element

transmutation

What type of reaction is saponification? a. hydrolysis b. dehydrogenation c. hydrogenation d. acid-base

a. alcohols

a simple carbohydrate molecule

monosaccharide