unit 1 (5)

civil disobedience

1920 endorsed by the Congress Party the deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law and nonviolence as means to achieve independence

Abd al-Aziz Ibn Sau

1902 wanted to unify Arabia, named his new kingdom Saudi Arabia carried on Arab and Islamic traditions loyalty was based on custom, religion, and family ties brought some modern technology to Saudi Arabia modernization was limited to religiously acceptable areas began no effort to practice democracy

Amritsar Massacre

1919 in protest to the Rowlatt Acts a huge festival in which Hindus and Muslims intended to fast and pray and listen to political speeches this alarmed the British, as they were concerned about an alliance between the Hindus and the Muslims the British attacked the protestors this sparked an explosion of anger across India

Rowlatt Acts

1919 the British passed these in India in order to curb radical nationalist acts of violence against Britain allowed the government to jail protesters without trial for as long as two years

Reza Shah Pahlavi

1921 seized power when Britain tried to take control of Persia deposed of the ruling shah in 1925 wanted to modernize Persia changed from Persia to Iran in 1935 established public schools, built roads, promoted industrial growth, and extended women's rights

Mustaga Kemal

1922 a brilliant commander successfully led Turkish nationalists in fighting back the Greeks and the British in 1923 he became the President of the Republic of Turkey he aimed to transform Turkey into a modern nation by : 1) separating the laws of Islam and the laws of the government 2) abolishing religious courts and creating a new legal system based on European law 3) granted women's rights 4) launched an industrialization program

Government of India Act

1935 provided local self-government and limited democratic elections, but not total independence to India fueled mounting tensions between Muslims and Hindus, as they had conflicting visions of India's future as an independent nation

Communist Party

also known as the Bolshevik Party had a socialist & democratic based constitution the idea came from Karl Marx was extremely powerful

Kaiser Wilhelm II

forced Bismark to resign didn't want to share power wanted to show of Germany army began making a large navy & let the treaty with Russia expire and thus, the Triple Entente was born

Mohandas Gandhi

a leader of the independence movement his strategy for battling injustice evolved from his deeply religious approach to political activity his teachings blended ideas from all the major world religions launched a campaign of civil disobedience in order to weak the British government's authority and economic power of India