Unit 1 AP Psych RH Questions

A research psychologist generalizes from a particular sample to an entire population. This is an example of A statistical inference B random sampling C a correlational study D stratified sampling E descriptive statistics

A: Statistical Inference

Psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of A Sigmund Freud B B. F. Skinner C Abraham Maslow D Carl Rogers E John B. Watson

A: Freud

Survey research has shown that people with high levels of empathy (that is, an ability to imagine and feel what others are experiencing) tend to indicate lower ratings of enjoyment of violent humor than people with lower levels of empathy. Based on these results, one can conclude that (a) level of empathy correlates negatively with enjoyment of violent humor (b) level of empathy correlates positively with enjoyment of violent humor

(A) level of empathy correlates negatively with enjoyment of violent humor

Research that focuses on in-depth analysis of an individual exemplifies which of the following methods? (A)Quasi-experimentation (B) Naturalistic observation (C) Case study (D) Cross-sectional study (E) Survey

(C) Case study

Which of the following is the strongest correlation: (a) -.90 (b) -.23 (c) .40 (d) .67 (e) .72

(a) -.90

Which of the following measures can be precisely located on the graph of a skewed distribution without doing any calculations? (a) Mode (b) Median (c) Mean (D) Standard devation (E) variance

(a) mode

Which of the following procedures is intended to control for preexisting differences between the groups of participants in an experiment? (a) double blind experiment (b) random sampling (c) random assignment (d) employing a confederate (e) running one participant at a time

(c) random assignment

Which of following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variables in experiments: (a) descriptive statistics. (b) inferential statistics. (c) Meta analysis. (d) algorithm. (e) Random Assignment

(e) Random Assignment

An instructor conducted an experiment to determine the effects of two different methods of study on the amount students learned in introductory physics. The results showed that the average amount learned by the group using one method was greater than the average amount learned by the group using the other. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion to be drawn? (a) The group of students attaining the higher mean score had studied more than the other group. (b) The better study method will have different effects for students of varying levels of ability. (c) Neither group learned a significant amount. (d) Neither group learned a significant amount. (e) There is a possibility that the difference between the two groups occurred by chance.

(e) There is a possibility that the difference between the two groups occurred by chance.

All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT: A Research may not involve deception. B Participation must be voluntary. C Participants must be informed of potential risks. D Participants must be offered alternative activities if research participation is a course requirement. E Participants' right to privacy must be protected.

A

Ivan Pavlov was most well known for which of the following? A Conditioning dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell B Studying what factors led to attachment in infant monkeys C Studying the different cognitive developmental stages of infants and children D Teaching pigeons to peck at specific stimuli

A

Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that A: each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study B: the study includes at least some respondents from every social class in town

A: each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study

B. F. Skinner's claim that the environment determines an individual's behavior was criticized for A failing to explain how personality can change over time B failing to acknowledge cognitive influences on behavior C failing to acknowledge situational factors D attributing behavior solely to genetics E emphasizing unconscious influences on behavior

B

In a distribution of a class's test scores, a large number of students received high scores while fewer students received low scores. The distribution of the test scores is best described as being A normally distributed B negatively skewed C positively skewed D uniform E binomial

B

When is it permissible for a psychologist to share a client's test scores with another person? A When an employer inquires about the mental health status of the client B When the client provides written permission to share results C When a school official requests the test scores to aid in a college admission decision D When the test scores are within the normal range E Never

B

A psychologist gives the same test to a class of students at the beginning of the day and again at the end of the school day. The extent to which test scores are similar across the two administrations demonstrates which of the following test properties? A Validity B Reliability C Standardization D Statistical significance E Utility

B: Reliability

The results of a correlational study involving student volunteers in a psychology laboratory might not apply to the general population because (A) laboratory environments are generally too artificial to generate accurate results (b) the sample is not randomly chosen and therefore may not be a representative sample (c) only experimental studies apply to the general population (d) in a correlational study, no variables are actually manipulated (e) correlational studies do not involve naturalistic observation

B: the sample is not randomly chosen and therefore may not be a representative sample

John B. Watson is best known as the founder of

Behaviorism

A teacher finds the distribution of scores on a final exam to be positively skewed with low variability. On the basis of this information, the teacher would be most justified in concluding that A a small number of students in the class did poorly on the exam B the students in her classroom have a very wide range of intellectual abilities C the exam was too difficult D the exam is not a reliable assessment tool E most of her students are of above average ability

C

A psychology professor wants to investigate the study habits of students at her university. She cannot collect data from every student but hopes to use a subset of the students to draw accurate conclusions about the behavior of the student body. Which of the following features of research design will best address her goal? A A double-blind procedure B A single-blind procedure C Random sampling D Random assignment E Informed consent

C: Random Sampling

Which of the following is a statistical approach concerned with forming conclusions about the effect of the independent variable on variations in the dependent variable? A:Descriptive B: correlational C: Inferential D: factor analysis E: qualitative

C: inferential

One criticism of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development is that it A emphasizes developmental changes in the oral and anal stages B views adult disorders as adjustments to the environment C views fear of loss as a motivating drive D is based on empirically unverifiable constructs E is based on ethnographic studies

D: is based on empirically unverifiable constructs

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches? A Cognitive B Biological C Behavioral D Sociocultural E Psychodynamic

E: Psychodynamic

Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for A decreasing repression B sublimating the id C strengthening the superego D displacing instinctual forces E gaining insight into unconscious motives

E: gaining insight into unconscious motives

According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of A observable behavior B conscious experience C unconscious motivation D physiology and behavior E evolved psychological mechanisms

conscious experience

Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research

may reveal a causal relation