UNIT 1 APUSH

Which of the following most directly contributed to the advanced development of both pre-Columbian American societies described in the excerpt?

Adaptation to and use of the natural environment for their own benefit

Which of the following types of evidence would best support the argument in the excerpt?

Artifacts from American Indian settlements

Most archaeologists and historians believe that the first peoples who colonized the Americas came from

Asia

Gerard's description of "corne" in the excerpt best reflects which of the following?

Assumptions about the superiority of European culture

The major pattern on the map best supports which of the following statements?

British colonies in North America typically had a lower demand for slave labor than did the colonies of other European countries.

The development that brought "corne" to the attention of botanists such as Gerard is best known as the

Columbian Exchange

Smith's description of the Pamunkey people's interactions with the Virginia colonists best serves as evidence of which of the following characteristics of American Indians along the Eastern Seaboard in the 1600s?

Complex societies with permanent settlements

Which of the following most directly contributed to the major pattern depicted on the map?

Demand for crops produced in the Americas

The relationship between American Indians and the French described in the excerpt was most similar to the relationship between American Indians and the

Dutch

The Virginia colonists' interactions with American Indians, as described in the excerpt, most directly contributed to which of the following?

English relations with American Indians became mostly hostile and characterized by conflict.

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the changes shown in the graph?

European settlers were able to gain control over Native American lands.

Which of the following claims does the excerpt make about changes that occurred as a result of new interactions in the Atlantic region?

Europeans developed new methods of conducting trade and making profits.

Which of the following developments in the 1500s is best illustrated by the excerpt?

Europeans sought new sources of wealth in the Americas.

The conflict described in the excerpt led primarily to which of the following changes in Spanish colonial policy?

Greater accommodation to Native American cultures

Before 1800, which of the following European imports had the greatest impact on the lives of the Plains Indians?

Horses

During the colonial era, which of the following was a widespread effect of the interactions between European colonists and American Indians described in the excerpt?

Increased intensity of warfare between the two groups

Which of the following evidence could best be used to support Gitlin's argument in the excerpt?

Intermarriage between French colonists and American Indians

In the excerpt, Crosby makes which of the following claims about the transmission of Old World diseases to the Americas?

It was an unintended consequence of contact between the New World and the Old World.

Which of the following most supported the development of the commerce described in the third paragraph?

Maize cultivation spread northward from Mexico.

Which of the following best characterizes the process described in the first paragraph of the excerpt?

Native American agriculture encouraged the growth of socially diversified urban areas.

Which of the following claims in the first and second paragraph of the excerpt did Las Casas use to support his overall argument about the capabilities of Native Americans?

Native American societies did not meet the definition of "barbarian."

Which of the following describes Crosby's overall argument in the excerpt about the reason for the change in Native American populations after 1492 ?

Native Americans had no immunity to new diseases introduced by Europeans.

Which of the following best describes evidence used by Crosby to support his argument about the change in Native American populations after 1492 ?

Native Americans who were taken to Europe as slaves experienced high mortality rates.

Which of the following best describes the economic system that supported the Native American villages discussed in the second paragraph of the excerpt?

Settled subsistence farming

How were European economic systems in the American colonies in the 1500s and 1600s different from existing economic systems in Europe?

Spanish colonists used enslaved Africans to work on plantations.

In which of the following ways did the Spanish impose racial hierarchies in the regions of the Americas that they controlled during the 1500s and 1600s?

The Spanish created a caste system that incorporated people of European, Native American, and African descent.

The encomienda and slavery systems both contributed to which of the following developments?

The Spanish developed a race-based caste system that defined the status of Europeans, Native Americans, Africans, and people of mixed race in their colonies.

Which of the following most directly resulted from the change in the Native American population described by Las Casas?

The Spanish imported Africans as a new source of labor.

Which of the following best describes an argument made by de Gante in the letter?

The Spanish should require less tribute after conquest to avoid Native American depopulation.

Which of the following was a similarity between the encomienda system and slavery in the Spanish colonies?

The Spanish used both labor systems for plantation agriculture as well as for mining in their American colonies.

Which of the following describes a piece of evidence for Las Casas' claim in the fourth paragraph about the similarity between ancient Spanish people and Native Americans?

The ancient Spanish had a right to their own freedom

Which of the following most shaped the events described in the excerpt?

The demands of the encomienda system in the Spanish colonies

Which of the following was an outcome of the Columbian Exchange?

The diets of Europeans improved.

Which of the following was a primary feature of social relations established in the Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere?

The emergence of racially mixed populations mingling European settlers, Native Americans, and Africans

Which of the following was a major difference between the encomienda system and slave labor in the Spanish colonies?

The encomienda system exploited the labor of Native Americans, whereas slavery more typically extracted labor from enslaved Africans.

What was a major difference between the Spanish encomienda system and the Spanish caste system in the Americas?

The encomienda system was based on using Native Americans for forced labor, while the caste system was based on a diverse and racially mixed population.

Which of the following best supports the general argument in the excerpt about how Europeans changed North America?

The establishment of fenced fields on family farms

Developments such as that depicted in the image most directly led to which of the following?

The importation of enslaved Africans to the Caribbean

Which of the following contributed most to the changes shown in the graph?

The introduction of new diseases

Which of the following statements about the population of North America at the time of Christopher Columbus' voyages is supported by the map above?

The most densely populated regions of North America would eventually become part of New Spain.

French exploration of North America, as reflected in the excerpt, most directly contributed to which of the following?

The ongoing shift from feudalism to capitalism in western Europe

Moctezuma's statement that the Mexica "were not the aborigines of the country" most likely refers to which of the following developments?

The presence of different and complex societies before European contact

Which of the following most directly contributed to the development depicted in the image?

The search for new sources of wealth in the Caribbean

Historical developments such as that depicted in the image helped advance which of the following?

The spread of Spanish influence in the Western Hemisphere

Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first began colonization?

Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans.

Which of the following best characterizes the Mississippian societies described in the excerpt?

They had mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economies that favored the development of permanent villages.

The second paragraph of the excerpt makes which of the following claims about the introduction to Europe of new crops from the Americas?

They stimulated economies across Europe.

Smith most likely wrote his account for which of the following reasons?

To increase support for the colony from the monarchy and investors

Which of the following contributed most significantly to the population trend in pre-Columbian Mexico described in the excerpt?

Trade and settlement resulting from maize cultivation

The interaction between Cortés and Moctezuma most strongly demonstrates Cortés'

desire for increased power and status

The French most differed from the Spanish in relations with American Indians in that the French

developed stronger alliances with American Indians

One piece of evidence that de Gante used in the excerpt to support his overall argument about the treatment of the people of Mexico is that Native Americans

did not have enough supplies to support their families

The excerpt makes the overall argument that the Atlantic economy

drove long-lasting economic shifts across Europe, Africa, and the Americas

An implication of Las Casas' argument is that a major cause of the decline of the native populations in the Americas after 1492 was the

epidemics brought to the Americas by Europeans

One piece of evidence Las Casas used to support his claim about Native American societies in the third paragraph is that they

had developed large urban areas

Smith's account of the hardships experienced in the Virginia colony most directly encouraged which of the following changes in subsequent settlements?

increased attention to farming and agriculture

The most important factor that enabled the Spanish to conquer native peoples in Mexico and New Spain in the sixteenth century was the

introduction of European diseases to which native peoples were not resistant

A direct result of European exploration of North America during the 1500s and early 1600s was the

introduction of new animals and crops to North America

English colonization patterns in North America differed most from Spanish colonization in that the English

more often settled as families and rarely intermarried with Native Americans

In their colonization of the Americas, the Spanish used the encomienda system to

organize and regulate Native American labor

Compared with French and Spanish interactions with American Indians, English interaction with American Indians more often promoted

separation between the groups

Before 1492, many American Indian cultures were strongly influenced by the

spread of corn cultivation