Unit 1: Challenge 1 and Challenge 2

Jan Vermeer's paintings are so detailed that some historians have argued he used a(n) ____ to help him depict interior scenes.

camera obscura

This ceiling fresco was painted by the artist Giovanni Battista Gaulli. He used a technique known as ___ to create an optical illusion of three-dimensional space.

trompe l'oeil

What is the subject of this painting?

A grouping of the most important classical philosophers

What is the name given to the stretched, distorted skull in the center foreground of Holbein's painting, The French Ambassadors?

Anamorphic Image

How is Louis XIV being presented in this portrait?

As an absolute ruler

Select the true statement about this piece of artwork. A. The portrait was commissioned by the Duke of Urbino. B. The composition conjures a sense of confidence and elegance. C. The artwork was inspired by an earlier painting of a sleeping Venus. D. The painting is full of playful imagery.

B. The composition conjures a sense of confidence and elegance.

Which of the following statements is true about the Brueghel painting Hunters in the snow?

It shows an interest in the portrayal of a naturalistic landscape.

What is NOT an element of Greek classical sculpture used in Michelangelo's David?

Lack of idealism

Which statement is true about Leonardo's illustration?

Leonardo's careful empirical observation helped shape the notion of scientific illustration.

Which of the following describes intaglio printing?

Lines are thin enough to produce halftones.

What did Michelangelo retain from Bramante's original design for the new Saint Peter's Basilica?

Michelangelo used a central plan.

What tools and techniques were used in the painting of the Sistine Chapel?

Michelangelo used grids and cartoons to transfer drawings to the prepared wall surface.

Compared to Raphael's School of Athens, Rubens' Allegory of the Outbreak of War is _______.

More dynamic and energetic

In what way is Leonardo's Last Supper an example of artistic restoration?

The painting was repainted and repaired extensively.

Annibale Carracci was among the artists known for painting elaborate ceiling frescoes during the 17th century. Many were painted with a unique technique that took into account the fact that scenes were displayed above the viewer. This technique is called?

"as seen from below"

Which of the following characteristics is present in this work of art?

The artwork combines passion and drama.

What was one of the main Protestant critiques waged against the Catholic Church?

Elaborate decoration of the Catholic Church led to idolatry.

What painting technique describes the style of Caravaggio?

Creating large areas of dark colors that are illuminated by a single light source (tenebrism).

How doe Bernini's David differ from Renaissance versions of the same subject?

All answers are correct: The twisting posture of the figure shows more energy. The figure is shown in the middle of battle. The figure's expression is more intense.

What is the significance of Bernini's baldacchino in St. Peter's Basilica?

All choices are correct: It is the site of St. Peter's tomb. It aids in the transition from the soaring ceilings to the human scale in the church. It is the location of the high altar.

In what way does Italian Baroque art differ from Italian Renaissance art?

Baroque art is more emotional and dramatic than Renaissance art.

Which of the following statement about Venetian Renaissance painting is true? A. This style of painting rejected classical models. B. This style of painting included extreme drama and expression of emotion. C. This style of painting emphasized a use of color. D. This style of painting lacked a scientific perspective.

C. This style of painting emphasized a use of color.

What is the typical relationship between a Caravaggio painting and its surroundings?

Caravaggio considered the settings of his painting in their executions.

One of the artists known for painting elaborate ceiling frescoes is Guido Reni. His frescoes were often painted on the ceilings of churches and used persuasive imagery in connection with the movement known as the ______.

Counter-Reformation

Which of the following is the most important element of Venetian painting during the Renaissance? A. Use of linear perspective to depict space rationally. B. Emotionally dramatic works that draw the viewer in. C. High degree of naturalism in the human figure D. Lush, glowing, and luminous colors

D. Lush, glowing, and luminous colors

What is the connection between Aertsen's Meat Still Life and Calvinism?

It presents a contrast between a life of virtue and a life of gluttony and indulgence.

How can a viewer determine what type of print is represented in an artwork?

Engravers can use hatching and cross-hatching in intaglio prints.

Which quality listed is present in a still life painting? A. Celebrates Dutch nationalism B. References close ties to land C. References military victory over the Spanish. D. Explores the idea that life is fleeting

Explores the idea that life is fleeting

What term is used to describe an object that is placed at an angle to the picture plane in order to convey the illusion of three-dimensional depth, as seen in Rubens' Allegory of the Outbreak of War?

Foreshortening

The artist El Greco is known for using elongated forms and emotionally charged colors to create a tension known as ____ in his work.

Formal dissonance

2 Which of the following occurred during the Northern Renaissance in France?

Francis I commissioned Jean Clouet to paint a portrait that glorified the king's authority.

Which of the following occurred during the Northern Renaissance in France?

Francis I's renovation of the Louvre at the Square Court, which is one the the best examples of 16th- century French style.

How was Poussin influenced by Italian artists?

In his choice of subject matter and use of color

Which of the following is a characteristic of Northern Renaissance art, such as in Massys' painting, The Money Changer and His Wife?

Influence of prosperity in the Netherlands and Flanders.

What does the repetition of concave and convex areas on the facade of Borromini's San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane do?

It creates a feeling of movement

Which of the following statements is true about this artwork by Nicolas Poussin?

It is an invented landscape with a grandiose subject.

What is the importance of the location of Bramante's Tempietto?

It is the believed site of the martyrdom of Saint Peter.

What role did Calvinism play in Dutch portraiture?

It led to more seated portraits of figures in plain clothes

Which of the following is statements about Dutch portraiture is NOT true? A. During this time, full-length portraits were not common. B. People wanted to appear as elegant and refined as possible, so they were portrayed in the Grand Manner. C. Due to the influence of Calvinism, artists focused on aspects of the portrait other than clothing. D. During the Dutch Golden Age, the market for portraits grew rapidly.

People wanted to appear as elegant and refined as possible, so they were portrayed in the Grand Manner.

Which quality listed is present in landscape painting? A. Explores the idea that life is fleeting B. References close ties to land C. Reference vanitas D. Explores the implications of the new prosperity

References close ties to land

3 Which of the following occurred during the Northern Renaissance in France?

Rulers, including Francis I, built palaces called chateaux.

In what ways does the work of Steen differ from the work of Vermeer?

Steen's work contains complex moral messages while Vermeer's work does not.

What term refers to the blending of pigment to eliminate any harsh contour lines?

Stumato

What must a vanitas painting include?

Symbols of death

Jan Steen's painting, ___, focuses on children, but is really an allegory for adult shortcomings, such as jealousy and selfishness.

The Feast of St. Nicholas

Which of the classical structures below does the Villa "La Rotunda" reference?

The Pantheon

Which of the following describes relief printing?

The artist carves away all of the negative space.

What is a challenge unique to Dutch Baroque group portraiture, such as Rembrandt's The Night Watch?

The artist must distinguish individual personalities in the group.

What was a main focus of Claude Lorrain in his painting?

The effects of weather and atmosphere

What is the function of Lucas Cranach's Allegory of Law and Grace?

To educate and encourage conversations amongst the population.

Which of the following formal qualities can be used to describe this artwork?

The scene is diagonal to the picture plane, which draws the viewer into it.

What is a Baroque element of Maderno's design for the facade of St. Peter's Basilica?

The uneven surface of the facade

Which of the following statements is true about Caravaggio's typical subjects?

They are rough and homely.

How do Mannerist painters treat the human figure in an artwork?

They elongate the torso and limbs and often contort the body into twisting postures.

Why did the designers of Versailles use landscaping techniques such as the shaping of trees into cones and the arrangement of flowers to resemble tapestry patterns?

They wanted to display control and dominance over nature.

Why did designers of the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles use expensive, imported glass?

They wanted to display the wealth and power of the king.

How is formal dissonance displayed in Pontormo's Descent from the Cross?

We expect to see a quiet scene of grief and instead we see a flurry of activity with bright, pastel colors.