Unit 1 Chap Test
Identify advantages which helped European explorers conquer the native people of North and South America.
Advantages that helped European Explorers conquer Native Americans include: Diseases that Natives had no immunity to, Domesticated animals like horses and dogs used to hunt & kill Native Americans.,Steel swords for combat, and armor for protection against Native American spears and sharp objects.
What countries were involved in the Triangular Trade, and what things were traded?
American Colonies- Sent raw material goods to England (cotton, tobacco, lumber, sugar)England- sent manufactured goods to Africa (furniture, guns, rum, textile goods)Africa- sent slaves to the New World (Americas)- this journey is known as the "Middle Passage".
How did American colonies help the economies of European nations?
American colonies helped the economies of European nations by providing them with raw materials to create manufactured goods, and as markets for these goods to be sold to for profit $$$.
New England Colonies
Climate: Bitterly cold winters and mild summers. Soil was generally rocky, making farming difficult. Cold winters reduced the spread of disease.
Middle Colonies
Climate: warm summers and cold winters. This area had good coastal harbors for shipping. Climate and land were ideal for agriculture. These colonies were known as the "breadbasket" because of the large amounts of barley, wheat, oats, and rye that were grown here.
Southern Colonies
Climate:warm climate with hot summers and mild winters. The soil was perfect for farming and the growing season was longer than in any other region. Hot summers, however, propagated diseases such as malaria and yellow fever.
Middle Colonies
Economy: The Middle Colonies enjoyed a successful and diverse economy. Largely agricultural, farms in this region grew numerous kinds of crops, most notably grains and oats. Logging, shipbuilding, textiles production, and papermaking were also important in the Middle Colonies. Big cities such as Philadelphia and New York were major shipping hubs, and craftsmen such as blacksmiths, silversmiths, cobblers, wheelwrights, wigmakers, milliners, and others contributed to the economies of such cities.
Southern Colonies
Economy: The Southern economy was almost entirely based on farming. Rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton were cash crops. Crops were grown on large plantations where slaves and indentured servants worked the land. In fact, Charleston, South Carolina became one of the centers of the American slave trade in the 1700's.
New England Colonies
Economy:economy was largely dependent on the ocean. Fishing (especially codfish) was most important to the New England economy, though whaling, trapping, shipbuilding, and logging were important also. Eventually, many New England shippers grew wealthy buying slaves from West Africa in return for rum, and selling the slaves to the West Indies in return for molasses. This process was called the "triangular trade."
What impact did disease have on Native Americans as a result of the Columbian Exchange?
European diseases wiped out at least 90% of Native Americans during the first hundred years of the Columbian Exchange.
Review how the ancient civilization of Rome contributed to the government we have in the United States today.
First form of democracy - representative government, where the citizens vote for their lawmakers.
Problems faced at Plymouth
Harsh winter of 1620-1621,Food shortage,Loss of lives,
What is a benefit of international trade?
International trade allows individual countries/nations to specialize in goods that they produce efficiently, to then be sold to other nations for their specialized goods.
Problems faced at Jamestown
No experience establishing a settlement,Swamp water held diseases & mosquitos. Lack of supplies/food,"The Starving Time",Conflict with Native Indians,Came for gold, didn't find any.
Reasons for founding Plymouth
Pilgrims ventured to the New World for Religious Freedom.
Explain the positive and negative effects of the Columbian Exchange
Positives: New foods, plants, and animals were discovered and transferred between hemispheres for the first time. New World foods allowed the population to double in the old world.Domesticated animals were brought to the New World which allowed more crops to be produced.Negatives: Diseases were exchanged between hemispheres. Small pox was the #1 disease that killed 90-95% of the native population since they had to immunity to Old World diseases.The African Slave trade began during the Columbian exchange.Tobacco was discovered & mass produced/sold overs
Explain the difference between a primary source of information and a secondary source of information, and give an example of each.
Primary sources were created during the time period that you are studying, examples include diaries, autobiographies, journals, manuscripts, pictures, recordings, eye witness accounts, etc. Secondary Sources are used to learn about a topic, but was not created during the time period that you are studying. Examples include text books, encyclopedias, biographies, etc.
Identify two major reasons why people left other continents to come to the Western Hemisphere in the 1500s and 1600s:
Reasons people left "Old World" continents to come to the Western Hemisphere "New World" in the 1500-1600s include:For religious freedom (to escape abuses by the Church of England).,To get wealthy by finding gold, silver, and other profitable resources., Enslaved Africans left their country unwillingly to be used as slaves on Southern plantations.,For opportunity at a fresh start & a new life.
Southern Colonies
Religion: Most people in the Southern Colonies were Anglican (Baptist or Presbyterian), though most of the original settlers from the Maryland colony were Catholic, as Lord Baltimore founded it as a refuge for English Catholics. Religion did not have the same impact on communities as in the New England colonies or the Mid-Atlantic colonies because people lived on plantations that were often distant and spread out from one another.
Middle Colonies
Religion: Religion in the Middle Colonies was varied as no single religion seemed to dominate the entire region. Religious tolerance attracted immigrants from a wide-range of foreign countries who practiced many different religions. Quakers, Catholics, Jews, Lutherans and Presbyterians were among those religious groups that had significant numbers in the middle colonies.
New England Colonies
Religion:The New England colonies were dominated by the Puritans, reformers seeking to "purify" Christianity, Puritans followed strict rules and were intolerant of other religions. Life in New England was dominated by church, and there were severe consequences for those who failed to attend, or, those who spoke out against the Puritan ways.
Define religious toleration and give an example of a group of people who practiced it in the American colonies.
Religious Toleration means that someone understands, and accepts people that have different religious views than themselves. The Quakers from the Middle Colonies of America practiced religious tolerance towards others.
Explain how race-based slavery began in the American continents.
Since Europeans could no longer use Native Americans as slaves due to their lack of immunity to Old World Diseases, Europeans then turned to Africa to acquire slaves.
Reasons for founding Jamestown
The Jamestown Colonists ventured to the New World to get wealthy by finding gold, silver, furs, and minerals.
Give an example of a group of people in the American colonies who did not practice religious toleration.
The Puritans from the New England Colonies did not have religious tolerance, if you didn't share Puritan beliefs.. YEE GONE!
What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact?
The purpose of the Mayflower Compact was to create a "civil society" with laws that were "equal and just" to benefit the general good of the colony and it's people. All laws were agreed upon before being signed by the Pilgrims.
Which right found in the Magna Carta is also included in the United States Constitution?
The right to a trial by jury