Unit 1 Circulation- Blood Vessels A&P 2
In which of the following would you see an increase in peripheral resistance? 1. In a person with anemia where the viscosity of the blood is low 2. in large bllod vessels such as the aorta 3. in the right coronary artery showing atherosclerosis 4. in short vessels such as the suprarenal artery
3
Arteries of the pulmonary circuit:
carry deoxygenated blood
arteries in systemic circuit
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and out to the various parts of the body
Abdominal aorta divides into:
coeliac axis - gastric arteries, hepatic artery and splenic artery superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric renal arteries suprarenal arteries gonadal arteries Rt and Lt common iliac arteries
The skeletal muscles of the lower limb
help squeeze these veins and aid in venous return
which of the following veins does not drain into the inferior vena cava? renal suprarenal common illiac Hepatic (portal) vien
hepatic vein
Portal hypertension.
high pressure in the portal vein
gi tract
important site of porto-systemic anastomosis, i:e portal and systemic venous blood normally go their own way, but should there be a problem in either circulation, blood is rerouted through anastomotic channels which open up, and can pose a problem, like esophageal varices in hepatic cirrhosis.
The branches of the common carotid artery are: 1) Internal and external carotid 2) Anterior and middle cerebral 3) Facial and maxillary 4) Subclavian and vertebral
internal and external carotid
The pelvic organs are supplied by the: 1) external iliac artery 2) internal iliac artery 3) femoral artery 4) popliteal artery 5) dorsalis pedis
internal iliac artery
Systemic venous circulation
involves veins, draining into the inferior vena cava (IVC).At the lower end of the esophagus, part of the veins drain into the IVC and part go into the portal vein. If the portal vein is blocked as in cases of cirrhosis, (cirrhosis causes degeneration of the liver, and regeneration occurs in a haphazard way, and blocks the branches of the portal vein), Blood can't drain into the portal vein, so the anastomotic channels open up between these veins and veins draining into the IVC. These channels carry more blood now, and become enlarged and fragile, and are called varices. These are present just under the mucosa, and tend to get injured easily and bleed. Such bleeding can be fatal. Such anastomoses are also present in the anal canal/ rectal region, where if enlarged give rise to hemorrhoids.
If one of the coronary arteries were blocked this would lead to?
lack of oxygenated blood to the cardiac muscle in that area
If one of the coronary arteries was blocked, this would lead to..? 1) inadequate removal of CO2 from the heart muscle 2) deep vein thrombosis 3) fluid in the pericardial cavity, resulting in a lowered heart rate 4) lack of oxygenation to the cardiac muscle in that area
lack of oxygenation to the cardiac muscle in that area
fetal circulation
lungs not needed blood goes through foramen ovale (2 atriums) and ductus arterious(aorta and pulm artery) remain open until after birth
Branches of the abdominal aorta include intercostal arteries vertebral arteries axillary artery femoral artery none of the above
none of the above
superior vena cava and inferior vena cava open into:
open into the right atrium.
The umbilical vein carries: 1) deoxygenated blood and wastes from the fetus to the placenta 2) oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus 3) blood from the umbilicus to the inferior vena cava 4) oxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus
Important branches of Left subclavian artery
vertebral, internal thoracic artery and inferior thyroid artery....continues as axillary artery*
The gastrointestinal system is supplied by the? 1) celiac axis 2) superior mesenteric artery 3) inferior mesenteric artery 4) All of the above
All of above
Anastomoses are connections seen between blood vessels and are common in the : 1) Gastrointestinal tract 2) Brain 3) Palms 4) All of the above
All of the above
Popliteal artery branches off into
Anterior tibial - dorsalis pedis posterior tibial -plantar arches
Blood vessels which take blood away from the heart are called
Arteries
Arteries
Arteries which are closer to the heart and deal with pressure fluctuations have a lot of elastic tissue in their walls and are called elastic arteries and are conducting arteries. Smaller arteries are distributive in nature and are called muscular arteries. Arteries divide into arterioles which later form capillaries
The coronary arteries arise from the 1) ascending aorta 2) arch of aorta 3) descending aorta 4) brachiocephalic trunk
Ascending aorta
Blood flowing into the subclavian artery would continue into the: 1) femoral artery 2) arch of aorta 3) external carotid artery 4) axillary artery 5) brachiocephalic trunk
Axillary artery
Upper limb arteries
Axillary artery (continuation of subclavian) Brachial artery
blood pressure is equal to
BP=CO*PR
circulation
Blood vessels which take blood away from the heart are called arteries, while vessels which return blood to the heart are veins. Arteries branch and become smaller, while veins receive tributaries, and become larger as they near the heart. We say that arteries supply an area, and veins drain an area.When arteries branch out they become smaller till they reach the capillary stage. There is an arterial end to the capillaries and a venous end to the capillaries. This is how,blood taken away from the heart, is carried to distant areas, through arteries, where exchange of oxygen and nutrients takes place at the capillary level. Also at the capillary level, wastes and CO2 are returned to the circulation, at the venous end, and small veins are formed, which join to form larger veins, till all of the blood is brought back to the heart.
Veins of the Systemic Circulation
Carry deoxygenated blood
Inferior vena cava is formed by the union of: 1) Brachiocephalic veins 2) Internal jugular veins 3) Common iliac veins 4) Saphenous veins
Common illiac veins
Arteries of fetal circulation
Deoxygenated
Veins in fetal circulation
Oxygenated
veins in pulmonary circuit
Oxygenated
Descending thoracic aorta divides into:
Posterior intercostal arteries Esophageal arteries Bronchial arteries
Which of the following vessels does not belong to the systemic circulation? 1) aorta 2) common carotid artery 3) inferior vena cava 4) axillary artery 5) pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery
pulmonary trunk (artery)
Pulmonary circulation.( This circulation is from the heart, to the lungs and from the lungs back to the heart.) Rt pulmonary artery Lt pulmonary artery
Brachial artery divides into
Radial artery Ulnar artery palmar arches - superficial and deep
Lt common carotid (Artery) divides into:
External and Internal carotid
All of the following are direct branches of the abdominal aorta , EXCEPT: 1) celiac axis 2) superior mesenteric artery 3) gonadal artery 4) external iliac artery 5) renal artery
External iliac artery
Branches of the external carotid include: 1) esophageal and posterior intercostal 2) vertebral and internal thoracic 3) middle cerebral and anterior cerebral 4) facial and superficial temporal
Facial & superficial temporal
Important branches of External Carotid
Facial, Lingual, Superficial temporal and superior thyroid (important branches)
The branches of the common carotid include the external carotid, Internal carotid, facial and middle cerebral aretries. T/F
False
Arteries of the lower limb
Femoral artery(continuation of external iliac) Popliteal artery
The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted from the right to the left atrium is the : 1) ductus arteriosus 2) ductus venosus 3) ligamentum arteriosum 4) umbilical sinus 5) foramen ovale
Foramen ovale
The vessel that drains blood from the lower part of the body and empties it into the right atrium is the: 1) coronary sinus 2) superior vena cava 3) inferior vena cava 4) femoral vein 5) popliteal vein
Inferior vena cava
Rt and Lt common iliac arteries divide into:
Internal iliac - pelvic organs External iliac - anterior abdominal wall .... continues as femoral artery
Brachiocephalic veins are formed by the union of:
Internal jugular vein (from the head and neck area) Subclavian vein ( from the upper limb and thoracic area)
Large veins are said to have ______ which are ______
Large veins are said to have tributaries which are the smaller veins.
Important branches of internal carotid
Middle cerebral and Anterior cerebral (form circle of Willis with the vertebral arteries) and Ophthalmic artery
Most veins have _____ , especially the lower limb veins. This prevents ____.
Most veins have valves, especially the lower limb veins. This prevents back flow.
Branches of the abdominal aorta include 1) Intercostal arteries 2) vertebral arteries 3) axillary artery 4) femoral artery 5) none of the above
None of the above
Which of the following is NOT a direct branch of the arch of aorta? 1) right common carotid artery 2) brachiocephalic trunk 3) left common carotid artery 4) left subclavian artery
Right common carotid artery
Brachiocephalic (Artery) divides into:
Rt subclavian and Rt common carotid [behave exactly like Lt. subclavian and common carotid arteries]
Which of the following veins is a superficial vein? 1) saphenous vein 2) portal vein 3) inferior vena cava 4) superior vena cava
Saphenous vein
external jugular vein
Superficial vein located at the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck.
saphenous vein
Superficial vein that carries blood from the leg to the groin
Aorta (Artery)
Systemic circulation ( from the heart to the rest of the body and from the rest of the body back to the heart) . It is divided into: 1. Ascending aorta coronary arteries 2. Arch of aorta divides into: Brachiocephalic Lt common carotid Lt subclavian
venous return
The amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins
All of the following statements are true, except 1) The endothelial lining of blood vessels is, simple squamous epithelium 2) The tunica media is absent in capillaries 3) The tunica adventitia is a protective layer 4) The smooth muscle of the tunica media is under parasymapthetic control
The smooth muscle of the tunica media is under parasymapthetic control
veins
They follow the arteries, start from the capillary level, and in the beginning are unnamed. As they get slightly larger, their names correspond to the arteries they follow though they travel in the opposite direction, as they carry blood back to the heart, draining specific regions.
vessels which return blood to the heart are
Veins
Veins go from ___ to ____ while Arteries go from ______ to _______
Veins go from small to big while arteries go from big to small
which of the following is NOT a branch of the common carotid artery? external carotid internal carotid brachiocephalic trunk facial arteries 3 and 4
arteries 3 and 4
the pulmonary semilunar valve closes:
at the end of ventricular systole
Blockage of the left common iliac will prevent blood from going to the abdomen left lower limb left pelvic organs both 2 and 3
both 2 and 3
Blockage of the left common illiac will prevent blood from going to the: abdomen left lower limb left side of the pelvic cavity both 2 and 3
both 2 and 3
Which of the following is not a branch of the common carotid artery? external carotid internal carotid brachicephatic trunk facial both 3 and 4
both 3 and 4
Blood flowing in the axillary artery would first continue into the:
brachial
The superior vena cava is formed by the union of: 1) brachiocephalic veins 2) internal jugular and subclavian veins 3) axillary and brachial veins 4) common iliac veins
brachiocephalic veins
The Circle of Willis is formed by all of the following arteries, EXCEPT: 1) anterior cerebral 2) middle cerebral 3) branches of vertebral artery 4) branches of external carotid
branches of external carotid
Blockage of the left common iliac artery will prevent blood from going into the: a. abdomen b. left lower limb c. left side of pelvic cavity d. b and c e. a, b and c
d. b and c
Blockage of the left common iliac artery will prevent blood from going into the: a. abdomen b. left lower limb c. left side of pelvic cavity d. b and c e. a, b and c
d. b and c
Aneurysms
dilatations of blood vessels or in the heart seen after an infarct, where the chamber dilates at that portion. Can rupture easily
The vessel which carries nutrient rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver is the : 1) inferior vena cava 2) superior vena cava 3) hepatic artery 4) portal vein 5) superior mesenteric artery
portal vein
Which of these vessels carry oxygenated blood? 1) Pulmonary arteries and aorta 2) Pulmonary veins and umbilical vein 3) Hepatic portal vein and Pulmonary veins 4) Umbilical arteries and pulmonary arteries
pulmonary and umbilical veins
which of the following arteries is not a branch of the arch of aorta brachiocephalic trunk right coronary artery left subcalvian left common cartoid
right coronary artery
which of the following arteries is not a branch of the arch of the arota? brachiocephatic trunk right coronary artery left subclavian left common carotid
right coronary artery
the internal illiac would supply all of the following organs except: stomach uterus urinary bladder rectum
stomach
increase in heart rate is called
tachycardia
The names of veins correspond to
the arteries they follow through they travel in the opposite direction
The veins of the lower limb and abdomen and pelvis drain into:
the inferior vena cava
The veins of the thorax, upper limb and head and neck area drain into :
the superior vena cava.
Superior vena cava formed by
the union of Brachiocephalic veins
Inferior vena cava formed by
the union of the common iliac veins.
Portal vein:
this important vein drains the veins which accompany the arteries supplying the gastrointestinal system. It carries nutrient rich blood to the liver where it drains into the liver sinusoids (which join up to form the hepatic veins).It is formed by the union of : superior mesenteric vein splenic vein