UNIT 1: Foundations of Nursing Practice

Caring in nursing is:

- A way of being, knowing, & doing with the goal of protection, enhancement, & preservation of human dignity. - Action and competencies that aim toward the good and welfare of others.

What are the professional values of a nurse?

1. Altruism 2. Autonomy 3. Human dignity 4. Integrity 5. Social justice

What is the principle-based approach to bioethics?

1. Autonomy 2. Nonmaleficence 3. Beneficence 4. Justice 5. Fidelity 6. Veracity, accountability, privacy, and confidentiality

What are the roles of a nurse?

1. Caregiver 2. Communicator 3. Educator 4. Counselor 5. Leader 6: Researcher 7. Advocate 8. Collaborator

What are the six essential features of professional nursing? (Generally speaking).

1. Caring relationships that facilitate health and healing. 2. Being aware of the range of human responses to health and illness in their various environments. 3. Integrating objective date with the patient's or groups subjective experience. 4.Applying scientific knowledge to care for the patient, through the use of critical thinking. 5. Learning through scholarly inquiry. 6. Influence on the promotion of social justice.

What are the four elements of liability?

1. Duty. 2. Breach of Duty. 3. Causation 4. Damages.

What are the 6 QSEN competencies?

1. Patient-centered care 2. Teamwork and collaboration 3. Quality improvement 4. Safety 5. Evidence-based practice 6. Informatics

Healthy people 2020's primary "guidelines" are:

1. Prevent disease, disability, and premature death. 2. Having high health equity, *eliminating disparities,* and improving the health of ALL groups. 3. Create a society that promotes good health for all. 4. Promotes continued high quality of life across all lifespans.

What are the FOUR aims of nursing?

1. To promote health. 2. To prevent illness. 3. To restore health (alleviate suffering). 4. To facilitate coping with disability or death.

What are the four blended competencies of nursing?

1. cognitive 2. technical 3. interpersonal 4. ethical/legal

What's a tort?

A wrong committed by a person against another person or property; tried in civil court.

Private Law?

AKA: Civil law. Most law associated with nursing. -Regulates relationships among people.

What are the steps of the nursing process?

ASSESS DIAGNOSE PLAN IMPLEMENT EVALUATE -DOCUMENT-

Integrity =

Acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice

In a nutshell, the ICN's key values of nursing are:

Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, education, and participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management.

ANA =

American Nursing Association

Deontologic =

An action is right or wrong independent of its consequences.

Nonmaleficence =

Avoid causing harm

Florence Nightingale did many significant things in her lifetime, some of those include:

Challenged prejudices against women. Elevated the status of nurses Established the first "proper" training of nurses. *Based nursing practice on evidence.* Helped distinguish nursing from medicine.

What is healthy people 2020?

Federal government indicative. Sort of like "Guidelines" for the US health standards.

Who is the founder behind the profession of nursing?

Florence Nightingale

The nursing process is the _____________ for all nursing activities.

Framework

Justice =

Give each his or her due and act fairly

HIPAA =

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

ICN =

International Council for Nurses

Fidelity =

Keeping promises; "Integrity"

Nursing is . . . .

NOTHING without critical thinking!

What is unintentional torts?

Negligence & Malpractice

Is there one specific route to become an RN?

No! There are various educational routes, however BSN programs are becoming the way of the profession and will soon surpass other routes.

What is the ICN definition of nursing?

Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, & communities, sick or well in all settings.

In what ways has nursing evolved?

Nursing is no longer considered a "less than" job and instead is recognized as a highly respected profession. Practice has widened to cover a wide variety of health care settings. Nurses have a specific body of knowledge. Nurses have an ethical conduct. Nurses value research and continuously publish scholarly research. Nurses don't just "care for sick people;" nurse promote health as well. Nursing is continuously growing as a highly professional discipline.

What is the purpose of the code of ethics for nurses?

Provide a powerful statement of the ethical values, obligations, and duties of every individual who enters the nursing profession. The code of ethics serves as the nonnegotiable ethical standard of practice.

QSEN =

Quality and safety education for nurses

One can practice reflective practice in many different ways . . .

Reflection *IN* action (present) Reflection *ON* action (past) Reflection *FOR* action (future)

Human Dignity =

Respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations

Autonomy in bioethics =

Respect rights of patients to make health care decisions

Nurses have a bill of rights that:

Results in advocacy on behalf of the nursing profession. Empowers nurses. Improves workplace. Ensures nurses' ability to provide safe, quality care. Allows them to freely advocate for themselves and their patients, without fear of retribution.

What is a law?

Standard or rule of conduct established and enforced by government.

Autonomy =

Standing alone; independence; right to self-determination

Advocacy =

Standing up for someone, other than oneself, when they are unable, or not prepared, to make a decision, or action, for themselves.

Competency =

The ability to do something correctly, efficiently, and successfully.

What is provision 8 of the code of ethics?

The nurse collaborate with other health professionals and the public to protect human rights, promote health diplomacy, and reduce health disparities.

What is provision 4 of the code of ethics?

The nurse has authority, accountability, and responsibility for nursing practice' makes decisions; and takes action consistent with the obligation to promote health and to provide optimal care.

What is provision 5 of the code of ethics?

The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to promote health and safety, preserve wholeness of character, and integrity, maintain competence, and continue personal and professional growth.

What is provision 1 of the code of ethics?

The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person.

What is provision 3 of the code of ethics?

The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the rights, health, and safety of the patient.

What is provision 2 of the code of ethics?

The nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, community, or population.

What is provision 7 of the code of ethics?

The nurse, in all roles and settings, advance the profession through research and scholarly inquiry, professional standards development, and the generation of both nursing and health policy.

What is provision 6 of the code of ethics?

The nurse, through individual and collective effort, establishes, maintains, and improves the ethical environment of the work setting and conditions of employment that are conducive to safe, quality health care.

What are some of the ANA standards of nursing practice?

The nursing process Ethics Education EBP/Research Quality of Practice Communication Leadership Collaboration Professional Practice Eval Resource Utilization Environmental Health Collegiality

Regardless of the various definitions of nursing, what is the central focus of *ALL* definitions?

The patient.

What is provision 9 of the code of ethics?

The profession of nursing, collectively through its professional organizations, must articulate nursing values, maintain the integrity of the profession, and integrate principles of social justice into nursing and health policy.

What's the ANA's definition of nursing?

The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.

Utilitarian =

The rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action.

Who defines the legal scope of practice for nursing?

The state board of a specific state.

What are Nurse Practice Acts?

They are laws established in each state in the United States to regulate the practice of nursing.

What is the purpose of HIPAA?

To ensure patient rights.

What are some patient rights?

To see and copy their health record. To update their health record. To request correction of any mistakes. To get a list of disclosures. To request restrictions on certain uses or disclosures. To choose how to receive health information

What's an ethical dilemma? Professor Donadio's example of the PT on the vent.

Two (or more) clear moral principles apply, but support mutually inconsistent courses of actions.

Social justice -

Upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights

What are the two basic theoretical frameworks of ethics?

Utilitarian and Deontologic

What is moral distress?

When the nurse knows the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to do the right thing.

What's a crime?

Wrong against person/property & the public

Can an RN's license be suspended/revoked?

Yes! If said RN becomes carless, reckless, and negligent of ones career and patients.

Beneficence =

benefit the patient

Since Florence Nightingale, nursing has . . .

broadened in all areas.

Altruism =

concern for welfare and well-being of others

Reflective practice is . . .

essential to professional practice.

Bioethics =

ethics dealing with human lives

Disparities =

inequality

Torts may be . . .

intentional or unintentional.

Nursing is also,

patent-centered, meaning the patient drives the entire process.

Nursing . . .

predates written history.

Nursing is a profession dedicated to . . .

serving others.

Values =

shape our choices, behavior, and identity

The nursing process is:

systemic, dynamic, interpersonal, outcome oriented, and universally applicable.

The ICN also says that nursing care includes:

the promotion of health, prevention of illness, & the care of ill, disabled, & dying.

Blended competencies =

the set of intellectual, interpersonal, technical, and ethical/legal capacities needed to practice professional nursing

The ultimate authority of nursing practice is . . .

the state board of nursing