unit 1 MCQ; missed q's

Six white-tailed deer and six sika deer were enclosed in a pasture for observation during an eight-year study in central Texas. White-tailed deer are a native species to central Texas, while sika deer are a nonnative species to central Texas. White-tailed deer feed on flowering plants and the tips of trees and shrubs but do not eat grass. Sika deer feed on flowering plants, the tips of trees and shrubs, and grass. All other grazing animals were kept out of the pasture during the study. The number of sika deer more than doubled after the eight years, while the population of white-tailed deer decreased by 50 percent. The sika deer are generalists, while the white-tailed deer are specialists. B The sika deer out competed the white-tailed deer in consuming flowering plants and shrubs. C Parasites infected the sika deer population but did not infect the white-tailed deer population. D Change in the local climate reduced the availability of food resources for the white-tailed deer population.

C

What do the arrows represent in food webs?

Flow of energy. The direction of the arrow should indicate which way the energy moves. For example, an arrow will point from grass to rabbit bc the cows get energy from eating grass.

Explain difference between denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and nitrification

Nitrogen fixation converts nitrogen gas into ammonia Denitrification converts nitrates into nitrogen gas. Nitrification converts ammonia into nitrates.

what order does the nitrogen cycle occur

Nitrogen fixation, Nitrification, Denitrification

3 things that happen when excess nitrogen enters waterways

algae blooms use up CO2 algae blooms use up O2 algae blooms produce toxins *smothers other life*

What reservoir contains the majority of Nitrogen on Earth

atmosphere

the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, chiefly involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels.

carbon cycle ALWAYS LOOK AT DIAGRAM FOR: -photosynthesis -cellular respiration -burning of fossil fuels.

the series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment and in living organisms, including nitrogen fixation and decomposition.

nitrogen cycle ALWAYS LOOK AT DIAGRAM FOR -fixation -nitrification -denitrification.

The movement of phosphorus atoms from rocks through the biosphere (organisms on earth's surface) and hydrosphere (water on earth's surface) and back to rocks

phosphorus cycle

Define denitrification

process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas (nitrogen escapes from plant into atmosphere)

Define: nitrogen fixation

the chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into AMMONIA (NH4) by microorganisms in plant roots

The continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back

water cycle

Define: nitrification

-oxidation of ammonium ions to produce nitrate -Conducted by autotrophic nitrifying bacteria -Nitrate used by plants for protein synthesis

Which carbon sink holds carbon compounds for the shortest period of time? A. Vegetation B. Sedimentary Rock C. Ocean D. Fossil Fuels

A Carbon dioxide can move into plants to be stored as glucose much more quickly than sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels can be stored. Carbon compounds are held for the shortest amount of time in vegetation.

A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480kilocalories/meter2/year and a net primary productivity of 2,000kilocalories/meter2/year. Which of the following is the approximate number of kilocalories/meter2/year available to herbivores in that biome? A 200kilocalories/meter2/year200kilocalories/meter2/year B 1,480kilocalories/meter2/year1,480kilocalories/meter2/year C 2,000kilocalories/meter2/year2,000kilocalories/meter2/year D 5,480kilocalories/meter2/year

A NOTE: whenever it says "available," it's asking for math w/ 10% rule 10% of the kilocalories from net primary productivity would be available 2,000kilocalories/meter2/year × 0.10 = 200kilocalories/meter2/year

Which of the following types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification? A. Bacteria B. Producers C. Consumers D. Fungi

A ONLY bacteria are REQUIRED fungi can fixate, but are NOT required

Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage to the next. Which statement best explains how the energy is transferred? A If a primary consumer stores 100kcal100kcal of energy, then a secondary consumer that feeds on the primary consumer will also have 100kcal100kcal of energy available. B If a primary producer stores 10,000kcal10,000kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer will have 10kcal10kcal of energy available. C If a primary producer stores 100,000kcal100,000kcal of energy, then a secondary consumer will have 10,000kcal10,000kcalof energy available. D If a secondary consumer stores 500kcal500kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer that feeds on the secondary consumer will have 5,000kcal5,000kcal of energy available.

B