unit 1 tx hist 2301
While people have inhabited the area of Texas for more than 12,000 years, Europeans and Africans arrived in the
1500s
Texas officially became the distinctive shape we see today in this year.
1850
Modern Texas encloses _________ square miles of territory.
265,000
One can travel __________ miles in a straight line from north to south or east to west.
800
Who was Juan Bautista de las Casas?
A revolutionary who proclaimed himself to be the governor of Texas during the Mexican Revolution.
The Marqués de Rubí toured Spanish possessions from California to Louisiana. Which of the following did he recommend?
All missions and presidios should be abandoned except San Antonio and La Bahía. A war of extermination against the Apaches. All settlers from East Texas should be moved to San Antonio de Béxar. (All the above)
As Spanish rule ended in Texas, only three settlements remained. Which of these was not among them?
Austin
In East Texas most natives belonged to the
Caddoan and Hasaini families.
This river does NOT flow into the Gulf of Mexico
Canadian
This river flows across the Panhandle and empties into the Arkansas River.
Canadian River
The first permanent European settlement within the present boundaries of Texas was at Ysleta which is near
El Paso
The earliest Mexican revolutionaries of 1811 were led by
Father Hidalgo, a Roman Catholic priest.
When the Spanish controlled Texas, their greatest fear for Texas was that the
French of Louisiana would move west and claim Texas.
What happened to Napoleon's attempt to renew a French empire in America?
He decided instead to sell Louisiana to the United States.
The French explorer LaSalle brought soldiers and settlers and wandered along the Texas coast. What happened to him and to the settlements he established?
He lost all his ships, his own life, and the lives of most of his settlers.
The governor of Spanish Texas performed all the following tasks EXCEPT:
He managed the financial affairs of the churches and missions in the province
What was the significance of the Chicken War?
It revealed that the Spanish did not yet have secure control of the area of Texas.
This group of Native-Americans had a reputation for Cannibalism.
Karankawas
Once Texas became a province of New Spain, the capitol was established at
Los Adaes
The forces of Bernardo Gutiérrez and Augustus Magee led a group of Anglos, Frenchmen, and Mexican revolutionaries into Texas where they occupied all the following EXCEPT:
Matamoros.
Spanish rule ended in Texas when
Mexican revolutionary forces in central Mexico won independence from Spain.
Stephen F. Austin inherited a contract to bring settlers to Texas. Before he could bring the first settlers in, his contract was threatened by which of the following events?
Mexico defeated Spain making Texas part of the new country, Mexico.
Who received the first empresario contract to bring settlers into Texas?
Moses Austin
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Most of the inhabitants of Texas were of pure Spanish birth.
What happened to the leaders of the early Texas revolutionaries like de las Casas, Gutiérez, Magee, and their others?
Most were killed.
When the French settled near the Sabine River, what happened?
New Spain moved to make settlements in the area of East Texas.
The South Texas Plain, a triangle of land between Corpus Christi, Del Rio and San Antonio, is best known for a single product. What is it?
Oil
Why were the Spanish soldiers unable to pacify the Indians?
Peace agreements and gifts to the Indians did not stop the raids. There were seldom more than 200 Spanish soldiers in all of Texas. The few soldiers that were there had to guard presidios and missions and escort travelers. (All of the above.)
Spain insisted the territory that the United States had purchased from France ended at the
Red River
This river originates in the mountains of New Mexico and flows southward into Texas.
Rio Grande
Thomas Jefferson believed that the territory of Louisiana extended to which river?
Rio Grande
After the Marqués de Rubí recommended their removal, more than 500 settlers were forced to relocate from Nacogdoches to
San Antonio
Only one small area of Texas had a measure of self-government. That was in
San Fernando de Béxar.
The most successful mission established in Texas was
San José y San Miguel de Aguayo.
Many explorations were undertaken in the 1780s to open a trade route between San Antonio and
Santa Fe
Spanish and Mexican heritage is particularly evident in this area.
South Texas Plain
Where did the Jumanos live?
South Texas and northern Mexico
In the Treaty of Paris of 1763, which ended the Seven Years' War in Europe, Louisiana territory was given to
Spain
Why was Spain unable to establish trading networks on the northern frontier?
Spain made meticulous rules to govern trade and then did not enforce them. Spain was never able to control the Indians or to successfully trade with them. Spain forbid trade even with other parts of its Spanish dominions. (All of the above.)
What was the importance of Texas to Spain by 1750?
Texas was unimportant except to hold territory that otherwise might be taken by the French.
For a time there was cooperation between Father Hidalgo, the Frenchman St. Denis, and the Caddo Indians. In the summer of 1719, that relationship was altered by all the following EXCEPT:
The Mexican Revolution led by Father Hidalgo began in Dolores.
The first missions established in Texas were failures. Nonetheless, all of the following were benefits of those early efforts EXCEPT:
The Spaniards learned that the Indians were ready and willing to become Christians.
Which of the following is TRUE of Native-American cultures in Texas?
The family was the basic social unit for the American Indians.
All of the following are TRUE of Mission San José in San Antonio EXCEPT:
Their attempts to convert the Indians to Christianity were an almost total failure.
The early Roman Catholic missions in Texas served all the following purposes EXCEPT:
They served as forts for the armies of Mexico.
What happened to the settlers who were forced to abandon Nacogdoches?
They started a new settlement but were plagued by floods and Indians. They were disappointed by the poor lands assigned to them. Within ten years many moved back to Nachgdoches without the government's permission. (All of the above.)
What led Indian tribes like the Tonkawas and Apaches to ask that missionaries and soldiers be sent to them?
They wanted protection against other Indian tribes.
Why did the Marqués de Rubí recommend the abandonment of the East Texas settlements?
They were no longer needed as a barrier against French aggression.
In 1813, Joaquín de Arredondo and a force of 1,830 troops defeated the rebels in Texas. All the following punishments awaited the rebels EXCEPT:
They were sent to Mexico City for trial.
The desert mountains of West Texas are said to be in the
Trans-Pecos
Who paid the expenses of a mission?
Ultimately the king paid for the missions and paid the priests.
What is an empresario?
a contractor/colonizing agent
Mexico's war of independence from Spain was finally ended by a successful alliance between
a criollo army officer loyal to Spain and the leader of the liberal revolutionaries.
Jean Lafitte set up a "republic" on Galveston Island in 1817. Who was he?
a pirate and slave smuggler
The most accurate way to describe Spanish Texas in 1800 is as
a primitive, isolated, sparsely settled outpost of the Spanish Empire.
The settlement in Béxar was governed by
an ayuntamiento or council elected by the landowners.
Early filibusterers like those led by Philip Nolan during the early nineteenth century were
bands of armed men who traded with the Indians often for horses stolen from Spanish posts.
Which of the following explorers reached Texas as a result of a shipwreck off Galveston Island?
cabeza de Vaca
The expeditions of Cabeza de Vaca, Coronado, De Soto and others
caused Spain to discontinue her explorations for gold in Texas.
The explorations of Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, along the Mississippi River caused the French king Louis XIV to
claim for France all the lands drained by the Mississippi River
The explorations of Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, along the Mississippi River caused the French king Louis XIV to
claim for France all the lands drained by the Mississippi River.
The Grito de Dolores, which began the Mexican Revolution, was a(n)
cry of protest calling for revolt against the Spanish government.
The daily life of ordinary Texans was carefully regulated by laws and decrees. All the following were illegal EXCEPT:
dancing in public.
What was NOT common religious practice among the Native-American cultures?
different groups of Native-Americans would come together to perform ghost dances
Once Europeans entered the area of TX, warfare with the Indians was a constant. Nevertheless, the weapon that was most effective against the Indians was
disease.
The Clovis and Folsom peoples hunted
elephants and huge bison.
Our understanding of American Indian cultures before 1490 may be partially or completely incorrect because the
explorers were often more interested in finding wealth than understanding the native peoples. populations of native peoples declined very rapidly after the arrival of the Spanish. early explorers were not prepared to evaluate other cultures so different from their own. (all of the above.)
Nuevo Santander, a province of New Spain,
extended along the Gulf Coast from La Bahía south to Tampico.
Pecos River
flows into the Rio Grande
The National Colonization Law of August 18, 1824 decreed that
foreigners were not to settle within ten leagues of the coast or twenty leagues of the international border.
The 1821 Plan de Iguala declared that the new government of Mexico would possess all the following EXCEPT:
freedom of religion.
While Coronado was searching as far west as Arizona, Hernando de Soto's men were exploring the area
from the Piney Woods of East Texas westward to the Brazos River.
All of the following were common among the bands of Apaches and Comanches in Texas EXCEPT
greater resistance to European disease than other native groups possessed.
The Alamo (Mission San Antonio de Valero) was originally established as a
half-way point and resting place for those serving the missions and presidios in East Texas.
What task would commonly be performed by men among the native Texans?
hunting and fishing
Most of the Anglo-Americans moving into the area of Texas around 1800 were
immigrants from the American southern states.
All of the following tribes of Indians came to Texas after Europeans arrived EXCEPT
karankawa
After Spain's three centuries of rule in Texas, the total population was
less than 5000 settlers
The region called the Cross Timbers is so named because of its
oaks and other hardwood trees.
In 1820, the ruling council in Spain reversed its former decree and
opened all Spanish dominions to any foreigners who would accept the laws of the monarchy.
Which of these words means a European-born Spaniard?
peninsulare
Instead of the Seven Cities of Gold, Coronado found
pueblo dwellings filled with hostile Indians
The 1821 Plan de Iguala declared that the new government of Mexico would possess all the following
reedom of religion.
Pecos River
river that does NOT make up part of Texas' border
The Spanish explored the world to
spread and defend the Roman Catholic religion. find riches and develop sources of wealth. seek glory and fame. (all the above.)
Those Spaniards who explored Texas in the 1500s
strengthened the Spanish claim that they owned the lands of Texas.
Most major rivers in Texas empty into
the Gulf of Mexico
The Llano basin is known as
the Hill Country
Important decisions of the viceroy in New Spain had to be presented to
the King of Spain.
General James Wilkinson and General Simon Herrara agreed that the Spaniards should remain west of the Sabine and the Americans should remain east of the Arroyo Hondo. This agreement was called
the Neutral Ground Agreement
Clovis People
the early paleoindians who inhabited the high plains, or llano estacado
When outbreaks of smallpox and cholera occurred in Spanish Texas
the most common remedy was prayer.
Archaeologists note that around 2500 BC the culture of the Paleoindians changed in all the following ways EXCEPT:
they began to develop iron weapons and tools.
Why did the Marqués de Rubí recommend the abandonment of the East Texas settlements?
they were no longer needed as a barrier against French aggression
Ordinary soldiers in Texas
were frequently cheated by their officers. suffered harsh discipline at the hands of their officers. were poorly paid. (all the above.)