Unit 10

If the sequence in the coding strand of DNA for a particular amino acid is 5'AGT3', then the anticodon on the corresponding tRNA would be ________.

5'ACU3'

During elongation, which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?

A site

Which of the following, if missing, would usually prevent translation from starting in eukaryotes?

AUG codon

Match the genetic medicine with its description

Uses small segments of RNA that target various mRNAs for destruction, which leads to a decreased expression of certain genes-- RNA interference This genetic medicine is able to change DNA at a precise location. It can be used to either knockout a gene so it is not expressed or edit a gene to correct a disease-causing mutation-- CRISPR-Cas9 Uses modified viruses to deliver therapeutic genes to cells-- Gene therapy These genetic medicines are typically of low molecular weight and are easily taken up by cells. They can either block the negative effect of the disease-causing proteins or restore protein protein function-- small molecule drug Regulates the expression of genes by binding to different proteins that affect the activity of RNA polymerase-- Gene switches Uses alternative splicing to remove exons that contain mutations to produce a shortened, but potentially functional protein-- Exon skipping

How does termination of translation take place?

a stop codon is reached

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?

concurrent transcription and translation

In comparing DNA replication with RNA transcription in the same eukaryotic cell, only DNA replication ________.

incorporates the entire template molecule in the product

In the figure associated with this question, what is the function of the ACC sequence at the 3' end?

it attaches to an amino acid

What ensures that the correct amino acid is added during translation?

the anticodon of a properly formed aminoacyl tRNA

There are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. This is best explained by the fact that ________.

the rules for base pairing between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible