unit 10: vessels

largest artery of the body

aorta

the arteries that directly feed the capillary beds are called

arterioles

which of the following is likely during vigorous? a. capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood b. the skin will be cold and clammy c. blood will be diverted to the digestive organs d. all of the above

a. capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood

which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?

a. tunica intima (interna)

runs through the armpit and branches from the subclavian artery

axillary artery

the arteries that are also called disturbing arteries are the

muscular arteries

the hepatic portal vein carries

nutrient rich blood to liver to be cleaned

which is greater? oxygen concentration in pulmonary arteries OR oxygen concentration in pulmonary veins

oxygen concentration in pulmonary veins

carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

pulmonary artery

carried oxygen rich blood from the lungs

pulmonary vein

common "pulse taking" artery, located in the forearm

radial artery

supplies the kidneys

renal artery

the form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is

shock that results large scale loss of blood volume, such as might follow severe vomiting, diarrhea, or injury

which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

tunica media

factors which aid venous return include all of the following except: a. activity of skeletal muscles b. pressure changes in the thorax due to respiration c. urinary output d. venias valves

c. urinary output

mechanisms that help regulate blood pressure include: a. nervous controls that operate via reflex arcs involving baroreceptors, and higher brain centers b. chemical, controls such as epinephrine c. renal regulation d. all of the above

d. all of the above

fenestrated capillaries: a. are more permeable than continuous capillaries b. are common in endocrine organs and in areas where capillary absorption is an important function c. occur in the capillaries of the kidneys d. all of the above are correct

d. all of the above are correct

which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure? a. cardiac output b. peripheral resistance c. emotional state d. blood volume

d. blood volume

true or false: in young people, congenital vascular problems are more common than congenital heart disease

false

true or false: an increase in blood viscosity will cause a decrease in resistance

false; a increase in resistance

true or false: hypotension is generally considered to be systolic blood pressure above 100 mm Hg

false; below 100 mm Hg

true or false: all arteries of the systemic circulation branch from the superior vena cava

false; branch from the aorta

true or false: the thick walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries

false; elastic arteries

true or false: an obstruction in the inferior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart

false; obstruction in the superior vena cava

major artery of thigh

femoral artery

venous anastomoses is a

form more freely than arterial anastomoses

longest vein in the body, superficial, and as long as the whole leg

great saphaneous vein

the circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called the

hepatic portal circulation (system)

true or false: reflexes that regulate blood pressure are inter gated at the brain stem (medulla) level

true

true or false: the adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirement at any point in time is termed auto regulation

true

true or false: the largest of the circulatory route is the systemic route

true

true or false: the outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunic adventitia

true

true or false: validation is a widening of the lumen

true

select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure: a. an increase in cardiac output corresponds to a decrease in blood pressure, due to the increased delivery b. excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase c. systemic vasodilation would increase blood pressure, due to diversion of blood to essential areas

b. excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase

which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation? a. superior vena cava , right atrium, and left ventricle b. right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium c. left ventricle, aorta, inferior vena cava d. right atrium, aorta, left ventricle

b. right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium

which of the following is a type of circulatory shock? a. hypovolemic, caused by increases blood volume b. vascular, due to extreme vasodilation c. carcinogenic, which results from any deflect blood vessels

b. vascular, due to extreme vasodilation

which is greater? blood flow to the heart during fight/flight OR blood flow to the heart during rest

blood flow to the heart during fight/flight

which is greater? blood pressure of an individual with polycythemia OR blood pressure of an individual with a normal red blood cell count

blood pressure of an individual with polycythemia

artery usually palpated to take the blood pressure. an inflated cuff blocks this artery

brachial artery

which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension? a. 120/80 in a 30 yr old man b. 140/90 in a 70 yr old woman c. 170/96 in a 50 yr old woman d. 110/60 in a 20 yr old woman

c. 170/96 in a 70 yr old woman

which statement best describes arteries? a. all carry oxygenated blood to the heart b. all contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood c. all carry blood away from the heart d. only large arteries are lined with endothelium

c. all carry blood away from the heart

permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between and tissue cells is the primary function of

capillaries

large unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta that branches into the gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries

celiac artery

supplies liver and stomach

common hepatic artery

select the correct statement about auto regulation of blood flow a. in most tissues, the strongest stimulus for vasoconstriction is decreased oxygen levels b. precapillary sphincters contract to divert blood into needy areas c. long term auto regulation exists in the form of decreased number s of blood vessels forming when condition of low oxygen predominate d. spending some time at high altitudes can result in the formation of additional blood levels

d. spending some time at high altitudes can result in the formation of additional blood levels

which is greater? elasticity of an infant's arteries OR elasticity of a 65 year old man's arteries

elasticity of an infant's arteries

the term "blood islands" refers to

embryonic masses of mesodermal cells which give rise to the endothelial lining of blood vessels

supply the lower limbs

exterior iliac artery

drains the scalp

external jugular vein

resistance increases as blood viscosity

increases

supplies pelvic structures

inferior iliac artery

supplies the distal areas of the large intestine

inferior mesenteric artery

major supply to the cerebral hemispheres

interior carotid artery

drains the upper limbs

subclavian vein

supplies the small intestine

superior mesenteric artery

receives blood from all areas superior to the diaphragm, except the lungs

superior vena cava

which is greater? systolic pressure OR diastolic pressure

systolic pressure

the pulse pressure is

systolic pressure - diastolic peessure

true or false: a precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into capillaries

true

true or false: arteries supplying the same territory may merge with one another, forming arterial anastomoses

true

true or false: persistent or chronic hypertension can contribute to arteriosclerosis

true