Unit 2

Which level of structure is indicated by X on the image?

b) secondary

From which DNA sequence has it been transcribed?

d) TACTTTGCGTGCGTC

Which is a mature mRNA molecule derived from the pre-mRNA by splicing?

A

Which is the activation energy of a reaction when it is catalyzed by an enzyme?

A

Which letter represents a tRNA exiting from the E site?

A

Which model represents transcription?

A

What are the specific heat capacity, latent heat of vaporization and boiling point of methane?

a

What is common to RNA and DNA?

b) nitrogenous bases

The first enzyme in the metabolic pathway that produces isoleucine is threonine deaminase. Which graph illustrates the relationship between threonine deaminase activity and threonine concentration?

B

The graph shows the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction with and without an inhibitor. What do the curves J, K and L on the graph indicate?

B

What part of the plasma membrane is fluid, allowing the movement of proteins in accordance with the fluid mosaic model?

B

Which graph shows expected results if a competitive inhibitor was added to the reaction?

B

Which letter (A-D) indicates where a new nucleotide would attach?

B

Which molecule diagram corresponds to the name?

B

Which sequence represents the order of events in protein synthesis?

B

In the diagram of a ribosome, which letter indicates the P site?

C

Where does a tRNA-activating enzyme attach the appropriate amino acid to the tRNA molecule?

C

Which molecule could be hydrolysed into amino acids?

C

Which of the molecules shown would be most suitable for long-term energy storage in humans?

C

Metabolic pathways are dependent on enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Which term corresponds with the description?

D

What are the functions of DNA primase and DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?

D

Which fatty acid would occur in a trans fat?

D

Which sequence of bases and amino acids could be produced by transcription and translation of the DNA molecule shown?

D

The diagram shows how pre-mRNA is processed into mature mRNA. Which structures are indicated by letters W and X?

d) W: exon X: intron

What will be produced during aerobic respiration? I: water II: ATP III: ethanol

I and II only

Which pair of molecules are products of aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration in some organisms?

d) adenosine triphosphate; carbon dioxide

Which molecule is a sugar?

a

How many genes have been transcribed?

a) 1

For which discovery about DNA do Watson and Crick receive credit?

a) DNA is the molecule that genes are made of

Olive oil may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. What is/ are the compound(s) responsible for the health benefits of olive oil? I Cis unsaturated fatty acids II Trans unsaturated fatty acids III Saturated fatty acids a) I only b) I and II only c) II and III only d) I,II, and III

a) I only

Which types of interaction are found in a part of a protein with secondary but not tertiary structure? I: hydrogen bonds II: disulphide bridges III: ionic bonds

a) I only

What happens to the cell surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows? a) It decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low b) It increases, so mineral ion absorption is increased c) It decreases, so production of waste material is reduced d) It increases, so osmosis is reduced

a) It decreases, so rate of gas exchange is too low

The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell theory. What feature is this? a) It lacks subdivision into separate cells b) It has only one mitochondrion c) It lacks a cell wall d) It lacks a nucleus

a) It lacks subdivision into separate cells

How do cells capture the energy released by cell respiration? a) They produce ATP b) The energy is released as pyruvate c) They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide d) They produce glucose

a) They produce ATP

The diagram shows two polysaccharides, formed from condensation of many glucose molecules. What are the names of X and Y? a) X: glycogen Y: amylose b) X: amylopectin Y: amylase c) X: amylase Y: glycogen d) X: amylose Y: amylopectin

a) X: glycogen Y: amylose

What is this molecule? a) amino acid b) ribose c) deoxyribose d) lactose

a) amino acid

what is this molecule? a) amino acid b) ribose c) deoxyribose d) lactose

a) amino acid

Which molecule is a polysaccharide? a) cellulose b) fructose c) maltose d) sucrose

a) cellulose

Which substance must be transported in the blood by lipoprotein complexes? a) cholesterol b) oxygen c) sodium chloride d) amino acids

a) cholesterol

The most abundant structural protein in the human body is found in ligaments and skin. What is the name of this protein? a) collagen b) hemoglobin c) myoglobin d) immunoglobin

a) collagen

Which protein is identified with its function? a) collagen- provides strength and support for tissues and organs b) rhodospin- enzyme found in tears c) insulin- raises blood glucose concentrations d) immunoglobulin- helps in blood clotting

a) collagen- provides strength and support for tissues and organs

What is the final products of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast and plants? a) ethanol and carbon dioxide b) lactate c) carbon dioxide and water d) glucose

a) ethanol and carbon dioxide

what determines the primary structure of hemoglobin?

a) genetic information

What describes anaerobic respiration?

a) glucose break down to pyruvate

Once the leaves have been picked, all further metabolism must be stopped. By what means could this be accomplished? a) heating b) adding water c) mechanical cutting d) spraying with anti-fungal agent

a) heating

What is a consequence of having the specific heat capacity for liquid water, ice and water vapor? a) less energy is needed to warm water vapor than liquid water b) salt dissolves more readily in liquid water than in ice c) small insects can walk on liquid water d) ice floats on water

a) less energy is needed to warm water vapor than liquid water

Which sequence shows increasing relative size?

a) membrane thickness; virus; bacterium

What is the reason for the use of dideoxyribonucleotides to terminate sequences in base sequencing? a) nucleotides cannot form 5' to 3' linkages with dideoxyribonucleotides b) nucleotides cannot form base pairs with dideoxyribonucleotides c) dideoxyribonucleotides cannot form hydrogen bonds with deoxyribose d) dideoxyribonucleotides do not have all hour nitrogenous bases

a) nucleotides cannot form 5' to 3' linkages with dideoxyribonucleotides

What conclusion can be drawn from the test tube 1 and test tube 2?

a) photosynthesis has used CO2; respiration has produced CO2

Which describes the role of amino acids in channels pf membrane proteins for facilitated diffusion? a) polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophilic molecules can pass b) polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophobic molecules can pass c) non- polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophilic molecules can pass d) non-polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophobic molecules can pass

a) polar amino acids create a channel through which hydrophilic molecules can pass

Which can be explained by the solvent properties of water? a) sodium chloride is transported as Na+ and Cl- in blood b) movement of water occurs under tension in the xylem c) water is the coolant in sweat d) ice floats on liquid water

a) sodium chloride is transported as Na+ and Cl- in blood

The graph shows the effect of increasing the substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction. What is occurring during the phase indicated by section Y on the graph? a) the active site of the enzyme is saturated b) the enzyme becomes denatured c) the substrate concentration has risen too high d) the optimum rate is reached

a) the active site of the enzyme is saturated

What is osmosis? a) the movement of water through a membrane from a low to a high solute concentration b) the movement of solutes through a membrane from a high to a low water concentration c) the movement of water through a membrane from a high to a low solute concentration d) the movement of solutes through a membrane from a low to a high water concentration

a) the movement of water through a membrane from a low to a high solute concentration

What is a similarity between DNA and RNA?

a) they are both polymers of nucleotides

Which features do the two structures labelled X and Y have in common? a) they are surrounded by a double membrane b) they contain 70S ribosomes c) they contain naked DNA d) they are only found in leaf cells

a) they are surrounded by a double membrane

What happens during glycolysis for one molecule of glucose?

a) two pyruvate are formed

Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose?

aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell

In an experiment the effect of changing pH on an enzymatic reaction is tested. Which could be a dependent variable in this kind of experiment? a) changing substrate concentration b) rate of formation of product c) variation in temperature d) change in pH

b) rate of formation of product

Which of the molecules contain peptide bonds or are sugar molecules? a) contain peptide bonds: I, II are sugar molecules: III b) contain peptide bonds: III are sugar molecules: II, IV c) contain peptide bonds: I, III, IV are sugar molecules: II d) contain peptide bonds: I are sugar molecules: III, IV

b) contain peptide bonds: III are sugar molecules: II, IV

Which of these DNA strands will code for the amino acid sequence glycine-serine-glycine?

b) CCTTCGCCG

Which process(es) occur(s) by osmosis? a) I only b) I and II only c) II and III only d) I, II and III

b) I and II only

Which type(s) of fatty acid in the diet is/are positively correlated with increased risk of coronary heart disease? I. Saturated II. Trans unsaturated III. Cis unsaturated a) I only b) I and II only c) II only d) II and III only

b) I and II only

Which properties explain the ability of water to dissolve solutes? I: polarity of water molecules II: high specific heat capacity of water III: hydrogen bonding a) I and II only b) I and III only c) II and III only d) I, II, and III

b) I and III only

what applies to DNA base sequences? I: some genes do not code for proteins II: promoters are transcribed along with the gene III: introns are only found within genes coding for proteins

b) II only

Why is sweat a good coolant for the body? a) the arterioles that transfer water to sweat move closer to the skin surface when it is hot b) breaking H bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat c) sweat contains minerals such as sodium chloride d) sweat is non-polar

b) breaking H bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat

In which process are macromolecules broken down into monomers? a) anabolism and catabolism b) catabolism and hydrolysis c) hydrolysis and reduction d) reduction and anabolism

b) catabolism and hydrolysis

The diagram shows a type of fatty acid. What type of fatty acid is shown? a) trans unsaturated b) cis unsaturated c) trans saturated d) cis saturated

b) cis unsaturated

What type of molecule is shown in this diagram? a) trans saturated fatty acid b) cis unsaturated fatty acid c) cis saturated fatty acid d) trans unsaturated fatty acid

b) cis unsaturated fatty acid

Which of the molecules contain peptide bonds or are sugar molecules? a) contain peptide bonds: I & III are sugar molecules: II b) contain peptide bonds: III are sugar molecules: II & IV c) contain peptide bonds: I, III, & IV are sugar molecules: II d) contain peptide bonds: I are sugar molecules: III & IV

b) contain peptide bonds: III are sugar molecules: II & IV

At room temperature, water is a liquid and methane is a gas. Which molecular property explains this difference? a) higher molecular mass of water b) dipolarity of water c) presence of more hydrogen in methane d) higher boiling point of methane

b) dipolarity of water

What is decreased when lactase is added to milk? a) sweetness b) disaccharides c) calcium d) monosaccharides

b) disaccharides

Which statement provides evidence for endosymbiosis? a) early prokaryotes contributes to a large increase in oxygen in the atmosphere b) eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA c) certain groups of ancient prokaryotes developed mechanisms to carry out aerobic respiration d) experiments by Miller and Urey produced simple organic molecules in abiotic conditions

b) eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA

What is required to replicate DNA?

b) free nucleotides carrying A, C, G, and T

What are enzymes that have been attached in this way called? a) inhibited b) immobilized c) catalyzed d) activated

b) immobilized

variations in the types of antibodies are produced by mRNA splicing. What is an advantage of this process?

b) increases the number of different antibodies that can be synthesized

What does the dashed line in the graph represent? a) increasing temperature increases substrate concentration b) increasing temperature affects the active site c) increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction d) increasing temperature decreases the movement of particles

b) increasing temperature affects the active site

What contribution did the X-ray diffraction conducted by Rosalind Franklin make to our understanding of DNA?

b) it indicated the helical shape of the molecule

What property of water makes it suitable as a coolant? a) it takes a lot of energy to increase the temperature of water b) it takes a lot of energy for water to evaporate c) water molecules are cohesive and stick to the skin d) water is a good solvent so it can transport heat from the body

b) it takes a lot of energy for water to evaporate

Which feature of carbon makes it most suitable as a basis for life? a) its abundance in nature b) its bonding properties c) its reactivity to light d) its presence in the early atmosphere of earth

b) its bonding properties

The diagram shows a molecular structure. Which type of molecule is shown? a) amino acid b) lipid c) carbohydrate d) nucleotide

b) lipid

Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? a) nucleus b) lysosome c) chloroplast d) mitochondrion

b) lysosome

Which structure in eukaryotes has a single membrane? a) nucleus b) lysosome c) chloroplast d) mitochondrion

b) lysosome

Living organisms control pH within their tissues. What is a reason for regulating pH? a) all parts of a body must be kept at the same pH to survive b) many reactions can only happen at specific pH levels c) pH affects osmosis d) control of active transport is achieved by pH

b) many reactions can only happen at specific pH levels

Where could genes be located in prokaryotic cells? a) plasmids, ribosomes b) nuclei, plasmids c) nuclei, ribosomes d) nuclei, plasmids, ribosomes

b) nuclei, plasmids

Which is a valid comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?

b) plasmids present; plasmids absent

The graph shows the survival probabilities for current smokers and for those who never smoked among women 30 to 80 years of age. What can be deduced from this graph? a) there is a correlation between smoking and cancer b) smoking reduces life expectancy c) smoking causes cancer d) 70% of smokers survive to 8- years old

b) smoking reduces life expectancy

Pasteur carried out a series of experiments that provided strong evidence against a widely supported theory. What was this theory? a) endosymbiosis b) spontaneous generation c) conservative replication of DNA d) evolution

b) spontaneous generation

The Framingham heart study was an observational study that went on for 20 years. The following data were produced. Which conclusion can be drawn, based on these data? a) it is better to eat margarine than to eat butter b) the more margarine consumed, the greater the incidence of coronary heart disease c) butter is a natural product whereas margarine is hydrogenated vegetable oil that leads to coronary heart disease d) margarine causes more heart related deaths than butter

b) the more margarine consumed, the greater the incidence of coronary heart disease

Why does exposure to high temperatures cause an enzyme to lose its biological properties? a) the substrate blocks the active site at high temperatures b) the three dimensional structure of the enzyme becomes changed c) chemical reactions cannot take place at high temperatures d) high temperatures increase the activation energy of reactions

b) the three dimensional structure of the enzyme becomes changed

How does the proteome of a species contain a larger number of proteins than genes that code for these proteins? a) some proteins have more than one polypeptide chain b) there are genes that code for several proteins c) not all proteins are coded for by the genome d) some proteins are coded for by other proteins

b) there are genes that code for several proteins

Which property of water accounts for its moderating effects on the Earth's atmosphere? a) cohesive b) thermal c) transparency d) adhesive

b) thermal

What is the net production of ATP, per molecule of glucose during the fermentation of glucose to lactate? a) 36 molecules b) None c) 2 molecules d) 4 molecules

c) 2 molecules

Which strand is transcribed and to which codon in the mRNA would the tRNA anticodon bind during translation?

c) DNA strand 1; third

Which correctly identifies the parts labelled I and II?

c) I: deoxyribose. II:base

In which process(es) do nucleosomes play a role in eukaryotes? I: tRNA activation II: Transcription regulation III: DNA supercoiling

c) II and III only

Which are necessary to make DNA replication semi-conservative? I: separation of the strands by RNA polymerase II: complementary base pairing III: use of a pre-existing strand as a template

c) II and III only

How do R group interactions contribute to protein structure? I: determining the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure II: stabilizing beta pleated sheets on the secondary structure III: stabilizing further foldings of a polypeptide into a tertiary structure

c) III only

What feature of transcription?

c) RNA polymerase

What happens during transcription in eukaryotes? a) polysomes move b) nucleosomes are phosphorylated c) RNA polymerase separates DNA strands d) Okazaki fragments are produced

c) RNA polymerase separates DNA strands

Based on the data in the graph, what is most probably the optimum pH for turnip peroxidase? a) between 3 and 5 b) between 10 and 11 c) between 7 and 8 d) between 9 and 10

c) between 7 and 8

where do hydrogen bonds form? a) between the slight negative charge of hydrogen and slight positive charge of oxygen within a water molecule b) between the slight positive charge of hydrogen and slight negative charge of oxygen within a water molecule c) between the slight positive charge of hydrogen and slight negative charge of oxygen in different water molecule c) between the slight negative charge of hydrogen and slight positive charge of oxygen in different water molecule

c) between the slight positive charge of hydrogen and slight negative charge of oxygen in different water molecule

A short sequence of nucleotides reads GGACAGAGCGCAGACGA. In which type of molecule could this sequence be found?

c) both in a DNA and an RNA molecule

Which type of reaction is the breakdown of starch into sugars? a) denaturation b) reduction c) catabolic d) condensation

c) catabolic

Which type of bonding is identified by the arrow?

c) covalent

What type of molecule is formed by the chemical reaction shown in the diagram? a) cellulose b) diglyceride c) disaccharide d) dipeptide

c) disaccharide

Which flask(s) could provide support for the hypothesis that heat nature's enzymes? a) flasks I and II after 15 minutes b) flasks II and III after 15 minutes c) flasks I and III after 15 minutes d) flask III at time zero and again after 15 minutes

c) flasks I and III after 15 minutes

Which statement correctly describes genome and proteome? a) only the genome but not the proteome can be analyzed using gel electrophoresis b) the genome and the proteome are the same in all tissues in an organism c) in cells of different tissues, the genome is the same while the proteome varies d) only mutations in proteome but not in the genome cause any variability

c) in cells of different tissues, the genome is the same while the proteome varies

Research has shown that the genetic code is not entirely universal. Which research finding has shown time?

c) in some organisms the genetic code for mitochondria differs from the genetic code for the nucleus

How can the activity of a human amylase enzyme be increased during a laboratory experiment? a) adding sugar to the mixture b) decreasing the pH from 7 to 3 c) increasing the temperature from 20ºC to 37ºC d) adding water to the mixture

c) increasing the temperature from 20ºC to 37ºC

What does eukaryotic DNA have that is missing from prokaryotic DNA?

c) introns

Glucose is absorbed through protein channels in the plasma membrane of the epithelium cells in the small intestine. Which characteristics of glucose prevent its diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer? a) it is non-polar and therefore hydrophobic b) its hydrogen bonds link with amino acids in the protein channel c) it is polar and therefore hydrophilic d) its covalent bonds interact with phospholipids

c) it is polar and therefore hydrophilic

The diagram shows the structure of palmitic acid. What type of fatty acid is palmitic acid? a) it is monounsaturated b) it is polyunsaturated c) it is saturated d) it is a trans-fatty acid

c) it is saturated

What are polysomes?

c) many ribosomes joined to one mRNA

What was measured by the movement of the soap bubble?

c) oxygen consumption

What is found in insulin molecules? a) phosphates b) nucleotides c) peptide bonds d) glycerol

c) peptide bonds

Gene expression in cells is regulated at various stages. During which stage does splicing of RNA occur?

c) post transcription

Which reaction is an example of catabolism? a) photolysis of water b) denaturation of a protein by a change in pH c) production of maltose from amylose by amylase d) condensation of glucose to form starch

c) production of maltose from amylose by amylase

What does the zone labelled X indicate?

c) rapid increase in denatured protein molecules

The graph shows the effect of changing the substrate concentration on the early stages of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. What can be interpreted about the rate of reaction from the graph? a) rate of reaction increases up to a point and then remains constant b) rate of reaction increases linearly with increasing substrate concentration c) rate of reaction increases non-linearly with increasing substrate concentration d) rate of reaction is not affected by any change in the substrate concentration

c) rate of reaction increases non-linearly with increasing substrate concentration

What conclusion can be drawn from the results of this experiment?

c) rates of cell respiration increase with temperature

What is a function of DNA polymerase I?

c) removes RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

Researchers have developed a skin patch which can detect and measure very small concentrations of ions, sugars, amino acids, proteins and hormones which remain when sweat evaporates. What allows the presence of these substances in sweat? a) cohesion b) hydrophobic interactions c) solvent properties d) thermal properties

c) solvent properties

Which protein has the highest tensile strength (ability to resist breaking when stretched)? a) cellulose b) actin c) spider silk d) albumin

c) spider silk

some regions of DNA do not code for the production of proteins. What are these regions of DNA used as?

c) telomeres and coding for production of tRNA

Some yeast genes can be replicated by human genes that then continue to produce the same human proteins in the yeast cells. Which statement helps to explain this evidence?

c) the genetic code is universal

From this information, what would be the composition of the DNA in generation 3?

c) there will be a darker 14N band and a lighter hybrid band

What is the expected direction of movement of the fluid at X and the function of the fluid at Y?

c) up; absorbs CO2

What did Hershey and Chase conclude from their experiment?

c) viral DNA was found within the bacterial cells

Which chemical is produced during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans?

c) water

Which sugars are examples of monosaccharides and disaccharides?

d

Which mRNA could code for the sequence Met-er-Ley-Arg-Phe?

d) AUG UCG CUG AGG UUC

what is the base sequence of the mRNA molecule which is complementary to this sequence?

d) CUCAUGGGA

Current understanding of DNA is an example of the accumulated discoveries of many scientists. Which scientists are credited with establishing that DNA is the genetic material?

d) Hershey and chase

Which always contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen? I: Carbohydrate II: Protein III: Fat a) I and II only b) I and III only c) II and III only d) I, II and III

d) I, II and III

What does post-transcription; modification of eukaryotic mRNA include? I: introns are removed from mRNA II: axons are joined together to form mature mRNA III: A 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail are added to mRNA

d) I,II, and III

What are these molecules? a) I: amino acid II: glucose b) I: amino acid II: ribose c) I: fatty acid II: glucose d) I: fatty acid II: ribose

d) I: fatty acid II: ribose

A polymer of alpha-D-glucose found in plants has mostly 1,4 linkages and some 1,6 linkages. Which molecule fits this description? a) glycogen b) cellulose c) amylose d) amylopectin

d) amylopectin

Which process causes ADP to change to ATP?

d) anaerobic respiration

How can environmental factors affect the expression of genes?

d) by causing the pattern of DNA methylation to be changed

What do DNA replication, transcription and translation have in common?

d) complementary base pairing

Which type of chemical reaction is an example of anabolism? a) photolysis b) combustion c) hydrolysis d) condensation

d) condensation

what usually distinguishes DNA from RNA?

d) double stranded; single stranded

What effect do changes in pH have on enzymes? a) all enzymes increase in activity as pH increases b) the activity of all enzymes is reduced by a lower pH below or above 7 c) low pH causes reversible in all enzymes d) extreme pH can alter the active site of all enzymes

d) extreme pH can alter the active site of all enzymes

Which molecule is a polysaccharide? a) glucagon b) glucose c) glycerol d) glycogen

d) glycogen

Which of the following is part of the process of cellular respiration?

d) glycolysis

Meselson and Stahl conducted experiments using the isotopes 12N and 15N which showed that DNA replication is semi-constructive. What would they have observed about the distribution of isotopes in the DNA after one round of replication if DNA replication was conservative rather than semi-conservative?

d) half the DNA with only 14N and half with only 15N

What is the advantage of using lactase in an immobilized state in the food manufacturing industry? a) it functions within cells b) it dissolves in multiple solvents c) it converts cellulose into glucose d) it is less likely to become denatured

d) it is less likely to become denatured

The diagram shows a cycle of reactions that occurs in human liver cells. Which term describes the overall reactions of this cycle? a)oxidation b) catabolism c) condensation d) metabolism

d) metabolism

What are the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms? a) calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium b) calcium, sodium, nitrogen and phosphorus c) carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen d) nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

d) nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. What parts of nucleotides are going together in both DNA and RNA to make these polymers?

d) pentose sugars with phosphates

where are amino acids joined together to make polypeptides?

d) ribosomes

What is a proteome? a) the genes that code for all the proteins in the ribosome b) the group of proteins that generate a proton gradient in mitochondria c) the entire genome of a prokaryote d) the entire set of proteins expressed by an organism at a certain time

d) the entire set of proteins expressed by an organism at a certain time

According to the graph, what are the changes in DNA methylation during embryonic development?

d) the methylation patterns of both parents are erased after fertilization

For what Meselson and Stahl's work provide evidence?

d) the semi-conservative replication of DNA

Which is an effect of protein denaturation? a) the order of amino acids is changed when the protein overheats b) the bonds between amino acids are broken by condensation c) parts of the protein become linked together by hydrolysis d) the three-dimensional structure of the protein is altered

d) the three-dimensional structure of the protein is altered

how is the information in the genetic code used?

d) to translate mRNA into polypeptides

The mRNA sequence UGGAACGUA codes for what amino acid sequence?

d) tryptophan-asparagine-valine

What is a property of water? a) water has a low specific heat capacity so large increases in heat energy cause a small temperature change b) water has an excellent solvent for non-polar substances c) covalent bonds between adjacent water molecules are responsible for its unique properties d) water molecules are highly cohesive which is important for transport xylem

d) water molecules are highly cohesive which is important for transport xylem

Where are proteins synthesized by free ribosomes used? a) outside the cell after secretion b) within the nucleus c) within the lysosome d) within the cytoplasm

d) within the cytoplasm