Unit 2: Agriculture Review

primary sector of the economy.

2. Agriculture is associated with the

Southwest Asia.

Agricultural first diffused to Europe from

they only consume animal products and animal by-products.

All of the following are characteristics of pastoral nomads except

specialty farming. market gardening. commercial gardening and fruit farming. intensive commercial agriculture.

Another name for truck farming is

extensive subsistence agriculture. nomadic herding.

Another term for pastoral nomadism is

Northern Germany. Sub-Saharan Africa

Area(s) of the world traditionally known for their circular rural land use patterns include

There is not a cultural tradition of consuming wine in these regions.

Even though climatic conditions are suitable for wine production in North Africa and Southwest Asia, why is this form of agriculture not practiced in these regions?

transhumance.

Herders who seasonally move their animals between mountain pastures and lowland valleys practice

Mediterranean agriculture. market gardening. truck farming.

Horticulture could potentially include

less developed countries.

Subsistence agriculture dominates in

irrigation.

Technology essential for intensive subsistence agriculture is

United States.

The country that produces the most maize in the world is

Switzerland.

The most important large-scale commercial wheat producing countries in the world include all of the following except

wheat, rice, and maize.

The most widely produced grains in the world are

make a profit.

The primary purpose of commercial agriculture is to

intertillage.

The process by which people engaged in shifting cultivation plant crops of varying heights in order to protect lower crops is called

acquaculture.

The production and harvesting of fish and shell fish in sectioned off coves and land- based ponds is technically referred to as

flowers, fruits, and vegetables.

The technical definition of horticulture includes the cultivation of

Fair trade movement.

This type of business practice significantly reduces the commodity chain for an agricultural product such as coffee or tea.

Ridgetillage.

This type of farming practice helps preserve soil conservation by planting crops on the tops of hills.

New England and upstate New York.

Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, dairy agriculture would dominate in

Double cropping.

What agricultural technique allows subsistence farmers in tropical and sub-tropical areas to support a large population with a small amount of arable land?

Advancements in agricultural production helped feed the expanding population. Technological advancements helped increase agricultural production.

What conclusion can one make with regard to the connection between the second agricultural revolution and the Industrial Revolution?

Distance to the market.

What geographic factor best explains why a piece of land is used intensively or extensively for agriculture?

Production has increased as a total percent of world production levels.

What has been the trend with respect to dairy farming in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) since the 1970s?

The entire country is their market area for these products.

What is the best reason for why many dairy farmers in Wisconsin choose to produce butter and cheese rather than fresh milk?

Sheep and goat.

Which combination of animals was domesticated in Southwest Asia?

Carl Sauer.

Which famous cultural geographer theorized that the invention of agriculture took place in multiple hearths?

Slash and burn agriculture and nomadic herding.

Which of the following are examples of extensive subsistence agriculture?

Europe.

_____________ did not contain an agricultural hearth.

the deliberate domestication of plants and animals.

1. The modern definition of agriculture includes

intensive subsistence agriculture.

3. The most practiced economic activity in the world is

The process was gradual. A number of independent hearths were established. Hearths developed in areas with high biodiversity.

According to Carl Sauer, what best characterized the invention of plant domestication?

dairy.

According to the von Thunen model, the first ring is used for

Transportation costs. Cost of land.

According to the von Thunen model, what costs does a commercial farmer consider when deciding what crops to plant?

Grazing.

According to the von Thunen model, what type of agricultural practice would locate in the outer most concentric ring?

pastoral nomadism. shifting cultivation. swidden agriculture. intensive rice farming.

All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture

plantation agriculture.

Commercial agriculture practiced in the tropics and subtropics is called

it is expensive to transport product to market. milk has a limited shelf-life.

Dairy farmers locate near urban areas because

they are located outside the milkshed.

Dairy farmers specialize in other products rather than fresh milk because

access to market is greater.

Dairy operations locate on the suburban fringe of metropolitan areas because

Aquaculture.

Due to over harvesting of fish stocks and increased demand for seafood, what form of agriculture has substantially grown in the last thirty years?

semi-arid deserts.

Extensive subsistence agriculture predominates in

increased concentration of ownership from MDC companies. increased use of machinery. displacing more workers. increasing migration rates from rural to urban areas.

Globalization has impacted and changed agricultural practices with respect to plantation agriculture by

increased the use of feedlots. increased the percentage of ownership in fewer hands. increased the use of mechanization in dairy operations. increased the size of farms.

Globalization impacts dairy farming in all of the following ways

consumed predominately by local communities throughout the Midwest.

Grain produced in the United States is used for all of the following except it is

subsistence agriculture.

Growing only enough food to feed your family is an example of

monoculture.

Growing or raising a single specialty crop on large tracts of land is called

hunting and gathering.

Humans survived prior to the invention of agriculture by engaging in

fruits and vegetables.

In Mediterranean agriculture farmers derive most of their income from

Livestock ranching.

In recent years what type of agricultural practice has been most responsible for deforestation of the rain forest in parts of Central and South America?

Tea and coffee.

In upland areas where plantation agriculture is present, what are the two most common crops grown?

specialty crops.

Legal crops such as coffee, tea, and tobacco grown on plantations in the tropics for export to More Developed Countries (MDCs) are commonly referred to as

exist in environments too harsh for crop production.

Livestock ranching and pastoral nomadism both

they could severely alter local agricultural economies. they could possibly crossbreed with domestic varieties. they would cause economic dependence on US corporations. they are considered less nutritious.

Many countries in Europe and Africa are reluctant to import Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) produced foods from the United States because

proximity to growing markets in the south and west. less severe weather.

Many feed fattening farms (feedlots) have located in the southeast and west of the United States because of

New Jersey and Delaware. parts of Florida. the west coast of Michigan. the Central Valley of California.

Market gardening dominates in

expensive land costs force farmers to grow crops with a higher profit margin. of the highly perishable nature of their crops. transport costs are high due to special handling requirements. farmers need large amounts of capital for specialized machinery.

Market gardening farms are located close to large urban areas because

Chile. the Central Valley of California. southern Spain. North Africa.

Mediterranean agricultural products are grown in

grapes. olives. dates. lemons.

Mediterranean agriculture products include

fed to livestock.

Most cereal grains produced in the Untied States are

Latin America. Sub-Saharan Africa. Southeast Asia. South Asia.

Most plantation operations are found in

of competition for resources. the nomads often cross international borders. it is not an economically viable livelihood. increased population pressures.

Pastoral nomadism is a threatened way of life because

Central Asia.

Pastoral nomadism still a dominant way of life in many parts of

cattle.

Pastoral nomads do not typically herd

overgrazing.

Pastoral nomads potentially contribute to desertification by

subtropical grasslands.

Pastoral nomads predominate in

competition for resources from logging and mining companies. population increase.

Shifting cultivation is a threatened form of agriculture because of

South America.

Shifting cultivation is still practiced in many parts of

grain farming.

Suitcase farms are most associated most with

clearing land to farm using slash and burn techniques. only farming cleared land for one to two years.

Swidden agriculture refers to

consolidating oddly shaped fields. encouraging the use of more farm machinery.

The Enclosure Movement altered the geography and agricultural practices of rural England by

paddy rice farming.

The agricultural practice most commonly associated with intensive subsistence agriculture is

barbed wire.

The invention in the late 1800s that changed the geography of cattle ranching was

township and range system.

The land division system most responsible for dispersed rural settlements in many parts of the United States is the

the long lot system.

The linear agricultural land use pattern commonly found in Quebec and Louisiana is

where the product is consumed and that commercial agriculture is primarily focused on profit and that land ownership in subsistence agricultural communities is often communal and that in subsistence agriculture the motivation is to feed one's family.

The major difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture is

Sub-Saharan Africa.

The region of the world that benefited the least from the Green Revolution was

the Industrial Revolution.

The second agricultural revolution coincided with

township and range land survey system.

The single most important factor contributing to rural land use patterns for most of the Great Plains in the United States is a result of the

agribusiness.

The trend whereby large corporations buy and control many different steps in a food-processing industry is commonly referred to as

grapes and olives.

The two most important crops grown in the Mediterranean region are

soybeans and corn.

The two most widely used and distributed Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) crops are

Square

Township and range land division system most closely resembles what type of geometric pattern on the landscape?

Great Plains.

Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, mixed crop and livestock agriculture would be located in

Wheat and grain farming. Livestock ranching.

What activity typifies extensive commercial agriculture?

Feedlots combine a number of steps in the meat packing industry in one location. Feedlots are more efficient at adding weight to cattle. Feedlots reduce transportation costs of cattle prior to being slaughtered. Feedlots reduce transportation costs of the finished product.

What advantages do cattle feedlots have over traditional methods of livestock ranching?

Animals provided meat. Animals provided milk. Animals provided furs and skins. Animals were beasts of burden.

What was the advantage of domesticating animals?

Cattle - South Asia.

Which pairing of animal(s) and region is not correct?

Southeast United States.

Which region is not a major dairy producing area?

Wood was used for construction purposes and heating. Wood is heavy and therefore expensive to transport.

Why did von Thunen include a forestry ring in his model of agricultural land use?

Their relative location with respect to the milkshed.

Why do different regions of the United States specialize in different dairy products?

there is a flat isotopic plane. there are uniform soils across the landscape. there are no physical features present, such as rivers or mountains. all goods use the same form of transportation.

von Thunen's agricultural land use model assumes