Unit 2- Health Curriculum: LABELS, FOOD SAFETY, AND RESOURCES FOR NUTRITION! ALL YOU NEED TO ACE THE EXAM!

What is the calorie information?

Both total calories and calories from fat are listed; this can help compare similar products. If one cereal has 120 cals per serving with 10 cals from fat, and another has 120 cals per serving but 90 cals from fat this information can help a consumer make a healthier choice by choosing the cereal with less calories from fat.

What does pasteurized mean and what foods do they do it with and does it reduce the risk of having food poisoning?

Buying only pasteurized (they have been heated to a temp high enough to kill bacteria) eggs, milk, and cheese can also reduce the risks of contracting food poisoning.

What is the ground beef internal temperature?

160 degrees.

What is salmonella?

A bacteria found in raw meat or foods contaminated with feces. Including meat, rae eggs, fruits, and veggies. Different foods can also attract it if they are touched by an infected one. Food poisoning from this generally occurs 8-72 hours after eating contaminated food. Symptoms may include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and fever. The symptoms usually disappear within a week, those that have good immune systems are weakened, such as babies, the elderly, and pregnant women, and people with serious illnesses, may become seriously ill or even die. There are an estimated 1.4 million cases each year and 400 deaths.

Whats a health claim example?

A diet low in sodium may help lower blood pressure.

What is campylobacter?

Carried by birds and found in raw poultry products. 2nd most reported cause of food poisoning. Causes fever, cramps, and diarrhea. Usually within 2-10 days after exposure. Complications include urinary tract infections, arthritis, and other serious infections such as meningitis, which causes swelling in the brain. An estimated 250,000 people become ill and 124 in the U.S. every year.

What is Listeria?

Caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Affects the ederly, pregnant women, newborns, and others with weakened immune systems. Uncooked hot dogs, cold deli meats, meat spreads, smoked foods, raw milk, unpasteurized cheese, and pre packed salads that contain deli meat or eggs. Symptoms include nausea, chills, dizziness, muscle aches, diarrhea, headache, and a stiff neck. Early treatment is important especially for pregnant women. Can cause a miscarriage, premature delivery, or death of the unicorn baby. 2,500 cases occur every year, including 500 deaths.

What is botulism?

Caused by the neurotoxin that grows during the production of the bacteria C botulinum. Most commonly found in raw honey, milk, unrefrigerated homemade salsa, and home-canned foods. It is deadly because it attacks the nerves. It can lead to destruction or paralysis and breathing. Facial muscle weakness, blurred vision, nausea, and weakness may occur as soon as 4 hours after eating infected foods to as late as 8 days after. Immediate treatment is needed to prevent the spread of it! Over a 10 year period, 263 cases of it and 11 deaths were reported.

Name all the USDA regulations in organic foods including the seal and organic product guidelines.

Check the label if organic The USDA runs an organic certification program that requires that all organic foods meet strict gov't standards. These standards regulate how organic foods are grown, handled, processed, and labeled. Any product that is labeled organic must be USDA certified. Farmers who sell less than 5,000 a year in organic foods are not required to have their products certified as organic. However, they still have to follow the USDA's standards for organic foods. If it says "USDA Organic" it means that it is produced and processed according to the USDA standard. The seal is not required, but many organic producers use it because it makes it easy for consumers to identify products as organic. Products certified 95% or more organic display the USDA seal. Products that are completely organic= such as fruits, veggies, egs, or other single-ingredient foods-are labeled 100% organic and can also carry the USDA seal. Products that contain at least 70% organic ingredients may be labeled "made with organic ingredients" but may not use the seal. Foods having less than 70% organic ingredients can't use the seal or the term "organic" on their labels. However, they can put the organic items in their ingredient list.

What does Fight BAC! stand for?

Clean, Separate, Chill, and Cook!

Should you assume something is cooked if it looks cooked on the outside?

Always check inside temp, even if it looks cooked on the outside.

What are the vitamins and minerals?

At a minimum, labels must include the amounts of vitamins A and C, calcium, and iron. In addition, if the label makes any claims about a specific nutrient (contains 100% of the daily value of vitamin b6), that nutrient must also be listed.

What is the eligibility for SNAP?

Benefits and eligibility are based on the earning and the number of individuals in a household; benefits range from $200 a month for a single individual to %1,200+ for families of 8 or more. Individuals can apply online or in person at a local SNAP office.

What are community dietitians?

Council people and groups on healthy eating, weight loss, and disease prevention. Public health clinic or a home health agency that serves the disabled or elderly. Help people examine their diets and point of areas needing change. Good diet! Meal planning, dietary changes, instruction on grocery shopping and food prep.

What is the footnote?

Describes what the recommended average daily values are for total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbs, and fiber, for a 2,000 calorie diet, a 2,500 calorie diet, or both.

What should you do about leftovers?

Divide large quantities of leftovers into small contains that seal and will cool quickly. Date containers so you know how fresh the food is. Leftovers should be refrigerated within an hour of cooking if the temp is over 90; 2 hours of temp are under 90. Leftovers should be reheated to a minimum of internal temp of 165. Leftovers should be thrown away after 3-4 days.

How many ounces of water should you drink a day?

Drink 10 8 ounce water a day. = 81 fluid ounces

What does the Summer Food Program do?

During summer break, the program is in place to help children under the age of 18 continue to receive the healthy meals and snacks they get at school. Fod is usually distributed at social service offices, schools, or camps; as with other programs, people must meet certain income eligibility requirements to qualify. Almost 2 million children participate in the program each year.

Should eggs be cooked where the white is firm and where the yolk is runny?

Eggs should be cooked where the white is firm AND where the yolk is firm as well. NOT runny.

What is E.coli?

Escherichia coli, E. Another bacteria spread to food and water through animal feces. Can be found in raw meats, fruits, and veggies. Also in raw milk. Symptoms usually occur around 3-4 days after eating it. Include bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. In rare cases (3-5%), a complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome HUS occurs, causing severe complications including temporary anemia which is a decrease in red blood cells. Causes bleeding, and kidney failure. In around 73,000 cases of E.coli poisoning each year, it has 61 deaths.

What does the school meals program do? And what are the requirements for it?

Families must meet certain income requirements to qualify for free or reduced price meals. More than 10 million children participate each day in the school breakfast program and more than 31 million in the national school lunch program, receiving healthy breakfasts and lunches that meet specific nutritional requirements regarding calories, fat and vitamin content. Special milk program provides milk as a healthy alternative to sugary averages for millions of students. In 2009, more than 79 million cartons of milk were served through the program. People apply for benefits at the school their children attend; households receiving SNAP benefits qualify automatically.

What is the FDA stand for?

Food and Drug Administration.

What to do if you want to cook something?

Foods should be cooked to proper temperatures. Eating raw or uncooked foods in the number one cause of food poisoning. Use a food thermometer to check the internal temperature of food including casseroles, meat, and egg dishes. Even if a dish looks cooked, it may still contain bacteria if it is not heated to the proper temperature. The appearance of a dish is NOT a good indicator of its doneness. Cook eggs until the yolks and whites are ferm; avoid eating foods such as cookie dough and cake mixes that contain raw egg. Bring sauces, gravies, and soups to a boil when reheating (should be bubbling). When using a microwave, cover the dish and rotate for even cooking.

What guidelines do the FDA Food Labels must follow?

General labeling requirements: Front labels should include a statement of identity (brand name of food). And the net quantity information on the main label- usually the front label of a package. (Ex) Net wt is 8 oz) Must also contain an information panel or label, which is to appear directly to the right of the front label and should include the name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor; the ingredient list; nutrition labeling; and any required allergy labeling. The address of the manufacturer should include the specific role. And the full U.S address; for products not made in the U.S, the country and country code should be included. Must be easy to read in font and at least 1/16 inches tall.

What are health claims?

Health claims (Foods high in calcium may help prevent osteoporosis or a diet low in sodium may prevent high blood pressure)

What are the 3 claim requirements on packages?

Health claims, nutrient claims, and structure/function claims.

What does the WIC provide?

Help meet the nutritional needs of mothers and children aged 5 and under.

If its room temperature/ lower than 90 degrees, should leftovers be thrown out/ refrigerated after 2 hours if its just sitting out?

If lower than 90 degrees/room temp, leftovers should be refrigerated or thrown out after 2 hours.

What does the school meals program include?

Includes the school breakfast program, national school lunch program, and the special milk program.

What can you buy/do for SNAP?

Individuals can apply online or in person at a local SNAP office. Credited to a debit card that can be used in most grocery stores to purchase a variety of food products such as bread, cereal, meat, dairy products, fruits, and veggies. Cannot be used to buy alcohol, cigarettes, nonfood items, hot food, and food meant to be consumed in-store. Can be used to purchase "junk food". May make obesity even worse in the U.S.

What are the ingredient listing requirements?

Information on all ingredients in a product, including any artificial flavorings, colors, or preservatives. The ingredients are listed in order from largest to smallest quantity, with the ingredient the food contains the most is listen first. Things like "a mold inhibitor" or "spices" or "artificial and natural flavors" and "red 40". Labels must specify if any of the 8 major food allergens are included in a product. Which are milk, eggs, soybeans, tree nuts, fish, peanuts, shellfish, and wheat. These foods account for 90% of food allergies, and in some individuals may cause allergic reactions such as hives, itching, etc. Maybe even death. Allergens can be listed in one of two different ways. Enriched flour (wheat, whey (milk, and lecithin (soy). Also separated under the ingredient list: Ingredients: enriched flour, whey, and lecithin. Contains: wheat, milk, and soy.

What is the saying that they use to help people with food safety?

Its called Fight BAC!

What do you do to separate foods to keep things safe?

Keep foods separate to avoid cross contamination. In your shopping cart, and at home. Separate raw meats, eggs, and seafoods from other groceries. Use separate bags and a separate place in the fridge for these items as blood or other juices can easily contaminate other foods. Use two different cutting boards- one for fruits and veggies and one for meat products. Never place a cooked food on a plate or surface used to hold uncooked meat, eggs, or seafood.

What are management dieticians?

Large-scale meal planning. Cafeterias, schools, prisons, and healthcare facilities. Hire and train others like cooks, etc. They buy food and supplies, enforce food regulations etc.

What helps people get the nutrition they need?

Many people struggle to provide healthy foods for themselves and their family. Many programs allow many individuals to get the nutrition they need.

Should you marinate food at room temp?

NO! Food should be marinated in the fridge.

Basic facts/information about labeling?

Naming requirements: Names of the food must be obvious. The name must state the form of the food. Like for cheese, sliced, whole, halved, shredded, etc. If a food contains less nutrients or protein than a traditional food, it must be labeled "imitation". Foreign languages can be used, but the label must also include the english translation. If a product is imported, it must state, "Product of ..." and the country name on the label.

Does the USDA create food label regulations?

No they don't! Only food safety and organic regulations.

Do "Organic" and "Natural" Mean the Same Thing?

No. They mean different things. Only foods grown and processed according to USDA organic standards can be labeled organic. Example, a food labeled hormone-free might still contain ingredients grown using traditional pesticides or weedkillers. If something is called all-natural then it is true but it isn't done under the USDA's regulations since it doesn't say organic. Natural and organic are different!

If a product has less than 70% organic ingredients, can they use the seal/ use the term organic on their product?

Nope! But me 70% or higher to have both!

Is Vitamin B content typically included on a food label?

Nope, its not!

What are nutrient claims?

Nutrient claims (Claims that discuss the relative amount of a nutrient; low in saturated fat or only 1% daily value of sodium)

What is the serving information?

On top. The serving size and total serving for the package. People assume that the calories and fat etc are the total amounts for the package rather than the serving. Always check!

What does organic and nonorganic farmers do?

Organic farming practices generally encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution. Farmers who don't grow organic produce and meat don't use the same methods to fertilize, control weeds, or prevent livestock disease and other farmers. Instead of using chemical weed killers, organic farmers might rotate crops and spread mulch or manure to keep weeds at a minimum.

What are food additives?

Organic regulations ban or severely restrict the use of food additives, processing aids, substances, and fortifying agents commonly used in non-organic foods, including preservatives, artificial sweeteners, coloring and flavorings, and monosodium glutamate. The use of these have raised concerns with potential side effects like cancer. But these claims have not been looked into yet.

What does the SNAP provide?

Provides food to 40 million people each month according to the U.S.D.A.

What is the Elderly Nutrition Program?

Provides meals to the elderly in America. No income eligibility requirements- must be simply be 60 or older or disabled and live in a household composed of mainly elderly people. Meals may be delivered or served community style at local churches, senior centers, or schools. Served to 3 million people every year and provided at least 30% of the daily nutritional requirements for recipients.

What does the FDA do?

Provides rules for how food and nutritional supplements are labeled. The purpose of this is to help consumers choose healthy foods, Help consumers more easily compare nutritional data for similar products (Calories and fiber in two different pastas) Advise consumers of potential allergens in foods (peanuts, wheat, milk, etc.) Force manufacturers to be more open and honest about what they include in their products (fats, sugars, preservatives, etc.) Prevent manufacturers from making unsupported claims about products (that it helps cure or prevent certain diseases).

Name some food safety tips?

Purchase a wide range of foods from a variety of sources. This will give you a better mix of nutrients and reduce likelihood of exposure to a single pesticide. Different farmers markets. Buy fruits and veggies in season. Fresh produce! Read food labels carefully. Organic doesn't mean healthy! Wash fruits and veggies good! Washing helps remove dirt, bacteria, and traces of chemicals from the surface of fruits and veggies.

What do you do if you want to chill something?

Refrigerating foods can kill some bacteria and prevent the growth of others like botulism. Chill meat, eggs, seafood and any other frozen foods/ refrigerated foods right after returning home from the grocery store. Make going to the grocery store your last stop before returning home so you don't have to leave these foods sitting in the car for long periods of time. Raw meat should only be refrigerated for 1-2 days; if it is unused after this period, it should be thrown away or frozen. Never let foods that are meant to be refrigerated or frozen sit out for longer than one our if temps are at 90 or higher. 2 hours if temperatures are below 90. Never defrost foods at room temp or leave out food for extended periods after defrosting. Food should be cooked immediately after defrosting and should be defrosted using one of the methods: In the fridge, microwave, or under running cold water.

What can you buy/do for WIC?

Serves 9.2 million people each year. Issued as a debit card or as paper vouchers good for infant cereal, non-fortified adult cereal, vitamin C-rich fruit or veggie juice, eggs, milk, cheese, peanut butter, dried and canned beans/peas, canned fish, soy-based drinks, tofu, fruits and veggies, baby foods, whole wheat bread and other whole-grain option, and infant formula for children under the age of 1.

Environmental reasons why people buy/not buy organic foods:

Some people buy it for environmental reasons. Organic food is designed to benefit the environment by less pollution, conserving water, and improving soil quality. What are the downsides to buying organic? The cost is a lot. Due to expensive farming practices. Takes more time and is more expensive than spraying chemicals. They may have a shorter shelf life since they aren't treated with waxes or preservatives. May look less then perfect- odd shapes, varying colors, or smaller sizes.

What are structure/function claims?

Structure/function claims (Claims that a product or nutrient affects the specific structure or function of body systems; calcium builds stronger bones)

What does SNAP stand for?

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

What does a dietician do for you?

Teaches you how to ear healthier!

Organic Food: Is it more nutritious?

The Answer isn't clear. Some people choose organic food because of the taste.

What is the major nutrients?

The FDA required that labels list total fat, types of fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbs, fiber, sugar, and protein. Again, this information helps consumers make healthy food choices such as avoiding foods with trans fats and cholesterol and choosing ones low in sodium and high in fiber.

What does organic mean?

The term "organic" means the way farms grow and process agricultural products like fruits, veggies, grains, dairy products, eggs, and meat.

What does dietitians do?

They plan meals and nutrition programs, supervising meal prep, promoting healthy eating through educational programs, and working with one to eat better and lose weight.

Do dietitians have Bachelor's degrees?

They usually have at least a Bachelor's degree. 4 years. Take classes in nutrition, biology, math, etc. increase 15% between 2016 and 2026.

What are the percent daily values?

Translates the major nutrient amounts into a daily value percentage. For example a 20% daily value of carbs means a serving of the product has 20% or ⅕ amount of carbs a person requiring 2,000 calories a day should eat. If a product has two serving sizes, it means that all the information should be doubled if you ate it all.

What are pesticides?

Use them to protect crops from molds, insects, and diseases. It can leave residue on produce. Some people buy organic food to limit their exposure to these residues. Organic produce carries less pesticides residues.

What do inorganic farmers do specifically?

Uses fertilizers with chemicals and human made ingredients. Uses chemical insecticides to kill bugs. Uses chemical herbicides to kill weeds. Uses antibiotics, growth hormones, and medications to promote the health and growth of animals.

What do organic farmers do specifically?

Uses natural fertilizers such as mulch (mixture of dead plants) and compost. Uses other insects and birds, and well as traps, to get rid of pests. Uses a variety of natural techniques such as crop rotation, pulling weeds, tilling group, and mulch to reduce/ control weeds. Provides animals with organic food, clean living areas, a blanched diet, and plenty of time outdoors to promote health.

What to do if you want to clean your area for cooking?

Wash hands and cutting boards as well as countertops and utensils. Wash things normally like veggies, wipe down tables, wash hands, wash cutting boards, etc.

What does the WIC stand for?

Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

What are consultant dietitians?

Work as contract employees, or run their own clinics. Screenings for vitamins and mineral deficiencies, high blood pressure and cholesterol, and other health concerns. Meal planning, good food choices, server as consultants to supermarkets, help works have good nutrition.

What are clinical dietetics?

Work in hospitals and nursing homes to see diets, nutritional needs, and evaluate the success of these diets and nutritional programs. Work along doctors and nurses to make sure the special needs are being met.

Is SNAP the new name for the FORMER Food Stamp Program?

Yep!

Does the USDA prevent common Illnesses?

Yes!

Is Salmonella the most common food borne illness in the U.S?

Yes!

Should you check food to see if it has mold on it?

Yes! Check the cheese and bread for signs of mold. It's either green or white spots- before eating.

Do more children participate in the school lunch program rather than the school breakfast program?

Yes! More kids do the school lunch program! (Example = my school!)

Do the claims have to be proven by scientific evidence?

Yes, any claims made have to be backed up by scientific evidence so that advertisers don't make false claims to get people to buy the product. There were a lot of false claims in old advertisements. Like how coke relieves fatigue..

Does the FDA help people with food safety?

Yes, the FDA also works with people to educate people about food safety. It involves people washing and cooking food properly to avoid becoming ill from pesticides and bacteria.

Do food labels provide information on calories per serving rather than calories for an entire package?

Yes, they do! (Most of the time)

What are the requirements to get WIC?

You need to meet certain requirements regarding status, age, income, and nutritional risk. Must apply for benefits in person at a WIC office.