Unit 2: MC Review Questions
In the early twenty-first century, the largest number of refugees is located on which of the following continents? A Africa B Australia C Europe D North America E South America
A Africa
Which factor is most responsible for the increase in Japan's dependency ratio? A An increase in life expectancy B An increase in the death rate C An increase in the rate of natural increase D A decrease in the doubling time E An increase in the total fertility rate
A An increase in life expectancy
(world map of population density) The map shows the number of people per unit of land. Which of the following types of data are shown in the map? A Arithmetic density B Physiological density C Agricultural density D Urban density E Suburban density
A Arithmetic density
Which of the following explains the pattern of growth in City B relative to City A ? A City BB is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City AA is located in a more developed country and has low rates of rural-to-urban migration. B City AA is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City BB is located in a more developed country and has low rates of rural-to-urban migration. C City BB is located in a less developed country and has a well-developed transportation system, whereas City AA is located in a more developed country and has a limited transportation system. D City AA is located in a less developed country and has a well-developed transportation system, whereas City BB is located in a more developed country and has a limited transportation system. E City BB is located in a more developed country and has a high number of urban amenities, whereas City AA is located in a less developed country and has a limited number of urban amenities.
A City BB is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City AA is located in a more developed country and has low rates of rural-to-urban migration.
Which of the following best identifies the data for the Eastern Great Rift Valley, shown on the map? A High arithmetic density B Low arithmetic density C Low carrying capacity D High total fertility rate E Low total fertility rate
A High arithmetic density
Physiological population density is viewed as a superior measure of population density for which of the following reasons? A It is more reflective of population pressure on arable land. B It yields the average population density. C It is more reflective of the world's largest population concentrations. D It measures the average by dividing total land area by total number of people. E It best reflects the percentage of a country's population that is urbanized.
A It is more reflective of population pressure on arable land.
Which of the following characteristics is currently shared by Switzerland, Canada, and New Zealand? A Low population-growth rates B Primate urban systems C High infant-mortality rates D Membership in the European Union (EU) E More than ten percent of the population involved in sheep farming
A Low population-growth rates
Which of the following best explains why, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Thomas Malthus proposed his population theory? A Malthus theorized that, if left unchecked by regular cycles of famine and misery, population would increase beyond the ability to feed itself. B Malthus theorized that the ability of a population to feed itself would increase with the expansion of the population; more people would mean greater knowledge invested in expanding food production. C Malthus theorized that reductions of infant mortality would eventually result in slower population growth rates. D Malthus theorized that agricultural developments in the mid-to-late eighteenth century would result in a significant expansion of food production, therefore alleviating the threat of overpopulation. E Malthus theorized the only way to prevent overpopulation would be to create policies that would limit the number of children a family could have.
A Malthus theorized that, if left unchecked by regular cycles of famine and misery, population would increase beyond the ability to feed itself.
(lots of middle aged ppl) Based on the population pyramid above, which of the following will pose the greatest demographic challenge to China beginning in 2029? A Providing for the needs of its aging population B Finding enough teachers to educate the young C Limiting out-migration of the 60- to 64-year-old age cohort D Providing prenatal medical care E Controlling population growth
A Providing for the needs of its aging population
During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which of the following types of intraregional migration was the most prominent worldwide? A Rural to urban B Urban to suburban C Inland to coastal D Highland to lowland E Urban to rural
A Rural to urban
In the early part of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, Thomas Malthus developed a theory that population increases exponentially, while food production can increase only arithmetically. Which of the following statements best explains how the Industrial Revolution reduced the threats forecast by Malthus? A The resulting rural-to-urban migration for jobs in factories led to a decline in birth rates and lowered population growth rates below what Malthus predicted. B Industrialization led to the manufacture of weaponry used in warfare, resulting in higher mortality during the conflicts of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that dramatically reduced populations. C The migration of people from rural areas to factory cities allowed farmers to expand their farm size and increase food production above Malthus' predictions. D Industrialization enabled and promoted European imperialism, and Europeans migrated to overseas colonies, reducing the European population. E Mechanization expanded to agriculture, increasing the need for agricultural labor to run the equipment, leading rural families to have more children and increasing population growth.
A The resulting rural-to-urban migration for jobs in factories led to a decline in birth rates and lowered population growth rates below what Malthus predicted.
The term that describes the concept that population will continue to grow even after fertility rates decline is known as A demographic momentum B demographic transition C rate of natural increase D the population pyramid E the homeostatic plateau
A demographic momentum
One would expect to find a population with a relatively young age structure in A less developed countries B highly developed countries C countries with a low death rate D countries with a low fertility rate E countries with a high standard of living
A less developed countries
Which of the following country demographics would be used to explain the need for the pronatalist policies shown? A A country with a birth rate of 4343, a death rate of 1212, and a rate of natural increase of 3.13.1, passes a law that requires paid maternity leave. B A country with a birth rate of 1111, a death rate of 1313, and a rate of natural increase of −0.2−0.2 , legislates tax credits for working parents C A country with a birth rate of 1616, a death rate of 44, and a rate of natural increase of 1.21.2, establishes long maternity leave periods from work D A country with a birth rate of 1212, a death rate of 1010, and a rate of natural increase of 0.20.2, requires full-day kindergarten. E A country with a birth rate of 2020, a death rate of 1010, and a rate of natural increase of 1.01.0 , provides state-subsidized day care centers.
B A country with a birth rate of 1111, a death rate of 1313, and a rate of natural increase of −0.2−0.2 , legislates tax credits for working parents
Based on the graph, predicted population growth in which of the following regions is explained by a high total fertility rate? A Asia B Africa C Latin America and Caribbean D Europe E United States and Canada
B Africa
Which of the following describes the most likely cause of death for a citizen of a country in stages 4 and 5 of the demographic transition model? A Infectious diseases due to poor sanitation B Degenerative diseases due to old age and lifestyle C Starvation due to an unstable food supply D Infectious diseases due to a lack of vaccines and antibiotics E Reemergence of previously eradicated diseases
B Degenerative diseases due to old age and lifestyle
Which of the following types of migration are correctly explained by the example given? A International migration and forced migration: Family AA from Beijing moves to Minneapolis so that the parents can attend graduate school. B International migration and voluntary migration: Family AA from Mumbai has convinced their close friends Family BB to emigrate to London as they did in order help start up their business. C Internal migration and forced migration: Couple AA from Berlin has convinced their close friends Couple BB to move to Greece and live in the same retirement community. D Internal migration and voluntary migration: Family AA from Baghdad are resettled by the United States for political asylum in Detroit. E Internally displaced persons and forced migration: Couple AA from rural Brazil move to São Paulo to find better job opportunities.
B International migration and voluntary migration: Family AA from Mumbai has convinced their close friends Family BB to emigrate to London as they did in order help start up their business.
Which of the following characteristics applies to more-developed countries? A Early stages of epidemiological transition B Long life expectancies C High total fertility rates D Rapid population growth E Early stages of the demographic transition
B Long life expectancies
Which of the following explains why a country with a high physiological density (e.g., Japan, Egypt, or the Netherlands) risks exceeding its carrying capacity? A The population is clustered in key areas, so rural populations will not have easy access to public services such as schools and hospitals. B The population places a large amount of pressure on the arable land to produce enough food without risking severe environmental degradation. C The population is evenly dispersed throughout the country, so it is difficult to maintain infrastructure such as roads and telecommunication networks for the entire country. D There is a large number of people per unit of total land area, so there is no available land for farmers to raise crops and other food products. E The amount of farmers per unit of land area in these countries is too low to be able to support their populations.
B The population places a large amount of pressure on the arable land to produce enough food without risking severe environmental degradation.
The early United States population was predominantly Protestant. In the nineteenth century, urban populations became increasingly Roman Catholic, especially in the cities of the Northeastern United States. This shift in the pattern of religion was caused by A internal rural-to-urban migration from farming areas of the eastern United States B transnational migration from Ireland, southern Germany, and Italy C transnational migration from Latin America and the Caribbean D religious conversion of urban residents E out-migration of Protestants to rural farming areas of the Midwestern United States
B transnational migration from Ireland, southern Germany, and Italy
Assuming a world population of 5,700,000,000 and an annual growth rate of 1.6 percent, how many people will be added to the world's population in the next year? A 912,000 B 9,120,000 C 91,200,000 D 912,000,000 E 9,120,000,000
C 91,200,000
There has been an increase in asylum seekers from Syria to the European Union in recent years. Which of the following best describes the reason for this migration? A A large rural-to-urban population shift within Syria B A continuing rise in employment for asylum seekers in the European Union C A continuing issue of conflict and political unrest within Syria D The tightening of asylum policies by the European Union E The tightening of guest-worker policies by the European Union
C A continuing issue of conflict and political unrest within Syria
In which of the following contexts could a neo-Malthusian perspective most successfully explain population characteristics? A A country experiencing population decline, where birth rates are low B A country with a low rate of natural population increase, where a small percentage of citizens work in agriculture C A country with a high rate of natural population increase, where food supplies are at risk D A country experiencing significant out-migration, where economic conditions lead many job seekers to move to other countries E A country recovering from an environmental disaster, where infrastructure must be rebuilt
C A country with a high rate of natural population increase, where food supplies are at risk
Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of China's antinatalist one-child policy? A A dramatic reduction of the birth rate and a decline of the rate of natural increase rate, resulting in lower population growth. B Agricultural families were forced to relocate to the nearest city to search for employment, resulting in increased urban population. C A projected shortage of working-age people to care for the rising elderly population, resulting in an increase in the cost of living for older people. D Decreased spending on childhood expenses, such as education and nursery supplies results in a drop in domestic economic productivity. E A decreased emphasis on education due to the decreasing numbers of school-age children results in a loss of international competitiveness.
C A projected shortage of working-age people to care for the rising elderly population, resulting in an increase in the cost of living for older people.
Which of the following describes a concern for a country with an aging population? A As a country's population ages, the life expectancy for the younger population of the country decreases and healthcare costs decline. B As a country's population ages, the infant mortality rate decreases and there is an increased need for daycare centers. C As the proportion of older people in the country increases, fewer young workers are available to contribute tax revenues to support programs that provide services to the older population. D As the proportion of older people in the country increases, the sex ratio becomes disproportionally skewed toward males. E As the proportion of older people increases, the total population decreases because older people do not have children.
C As the proportion of older people in the country increases, fewer young workers are available to contribute tax revenues to support programs that provide services to the older population.
Which of the following countries is best described as being at Stage 3 of the demographic transition model? A China: birth rate = 13, death rate =7 B Democratic Republic of the Congo: birth rate = 44, death rate = 10 C Bolivia: birth rate = 24 , death rate = 7 D Ivory Coast: birth rate = 37, death rate = 13 E Hungary: birth rate = 10, death rate = 13
C Bolivia: birth rate = 24 , death rate = 7
It can be inferred from global patterns of population growth that the country most likely to be in West Africa is A Country I B Country II C Country III D Country IV E Country V
C Country III
Which statement best describes population growth patterns in the world today? A In the world as a whole, women have an average of five or more children, leading to Malthusian crises. B Fertility rates in low- and middle-income countries worldwide are higher now than 25 years ago. C In the world as a whole, fertility rates have fallen in the last 25 years. D In sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Pacific, fertility rates have doubled in the last 25 years. E Fertility rates in most high-income countries have risen in the last 25 years.
C In the world as a whole, fertility rates have fallen in the last 25 years.
In which of the following pairs do both countries exhibit zero or negative population growth rates? A Pakistan and China B India and Germany C Japan and Germany D China and India E India and Japan
C Japan and Germany
Country A is a more developed country with a low birth rate, a low total fertility rate, a high life expectancy, and a high percentage of urban population. Based on this information, which of the following outcomes is most likely to occur in Country A? A Guest workers from less developed countries are needed to fill the labor shortages in urban areas. B Falling birth rates and declining youth populations result in an increase in school construction in urban areas. C Pressures on pension and social security programs are at critical levels as the number of elderly increases. D Provincial and national politicians must tailor their political campaigns to appeal to rural voters. E Suburban house construction declines as elderly populations downsize and seek to be closer to urban amenities.
C Pressures on pension and social security programs are at critical levels as the number of elderly increases.
Which of the following best describes a country with a rate of natural increase of 0.4 ? A Negative population growth B Low life expectancy C Slow population growth D Increasing fertility rates E Decreasing percent elderly population
C Slow population growth
Which of the following best explains a likely effect of Brazil's population distribution? A More uniform economic growth throughout the entire country as urban areas expand westward B Increased cultural unity as more people live in close proximity to one another in eastern Brazil C Uneven economic development as eastern Brazil experiences more growth than the sparsely inhabited western regions D The expansion of available farmland as people move to the cities, allowing more rural land to be farmed E More efficient political administration and improved governance as the population becomes more clustered
C Uneven economic development as eastern Brazil experiences more growth than the sparsely inhabited western regions
Physiological population density differs from crude population density in that physiological density A examines only the population of cities, while crude density includes the population of cities and rural areas B is a measure of how density is perceived, while crude density is a measure of specific density C explains density in terms of people per arable square land unit, while crude density explains density in terms of people per total square land unit D explains the density of a single housing unit while crude density explains the density of a group of houses E is the number of people per housing unit, while crude density is the number of people per square mile
C explains density in terms of people per arable square land unit, while crude density explains density in terms of people per total square land unit
(lines from N. Africa into France) The flow lines on the map above most likely represent the movement of A tourists B refugees C guest workers D illegal drugs E petroleum
C guest workers
Which population pyramid shown above best represents a town with a military base? A B C D E
C (lots of men)
On the map above, which one of the following boxes is in an area where the population density is high and the level of economic development is low? A B C D E
C India
Which of the following explains a significant positive impact that the immigration of large populations of Chinese people had on places like Vancouver and Los Angeles? A The increase of large populations of Chinese people established Cantonese as the lingua franca, allowing immigrants and local people to communicate. B The assimilation of Chinese immigrants created stability in their new city neighborhoods, giving the immigrants political power. C Most Chinese immigrants converted to the dominant religions of their new cities, prompting the construction of many new churches. D Chinese immigrants established businesses and religious centers that provided their new cities with greater access to elements of Chinese culture such as arts, cuisine, and religion. E Chinese neighborhoods were established on the outskirts of these cities as agricultural trade centers, introducing Asian crops to North America.
D Chinese immigrants established businesses and religious centers that provided their new cities with greater access to elements of Chinese culture such as arts, cuisine, and religion.
The data in the table can be used to describe a high level of female empowerment for which of the following countries? A Mexico B India C Nigeria D France E Egypt
D France
Which of the following explains the major effect of migration flow to Southwest Asia from other regions in Asia? A Students migrate to attend school in the region, increasing the technology labor force. B Women and children migrate to reunify with male relatives living in the region, forming permanent urban settlements. C People with chronic illnesses travel as medical tourists to obtain medical care, growing the health care industry. D Guest workers migrate to the region for jobs in construction and the oil fields, increasing the volume of exports from the region. E Older adults migrate to areas with warmer climates after retiring from their jobs, growing the service industry.
D Guest workers migrate to the region for jobs in construction and the oil fields, increasing the volume of exports from the region.
A country in the first stage of the demographic transition demonstrates which of the following? A An old population age structure B High birth rates, but low death rates C Low birth rates, low death rates, and low rates of population growth D High birth rates, high death rates, and low rates of population growth E High birth rates, high death rates, and high rates of population growth
D High birth rates, high death rates, and low rates of population growth
Based on the data provided, which of the following best describes how changing roles for women influence patterns of social values? A Similar birth rates shown in the table for France, Russia, Brazil, and China indicate that women in these countries have access to similar levels of education. B High death rates shown in the table for Nigeria and Russia reveal a similar lack of women's rights and access to health care in these countries. C Women living in France choose to have less children but die at higher rates than in Egypt due to greater pollution in industrialized countries such as France. D Higher birth rates in African countries suggest that women in African countries have less access to education and employment than European women. E All women in developing countries have higher fertility rates due to the lack of medical care and political rights.
D Higher birth rates in African countries suggest that women in African countries have less access to education and employment than European women.
Which of the following would be most likely to increase life expectancy in a less developed country, resulting in an aging population in that country? A An increase in the country's birth rate B Rural-to-urban migration within the country C Improvements in transportation and communication networks D Improvements in access to health care and sanitation E A decrease in the country's total fertility rate
D Improvements in access to health care and sanitation
In the century after the arrival of Europeans, which of the following changes occurred to the indigenous population of the Americas? A It increased dramatically because of new trade routes and industries B It increased slowly with the introduction of new crops C It remained about the same, since very few Europeans actually moved there D It decreased dramatically with the introduction of new diseases E It decreased slowly due to increased competition for land
D It decreased dramatically with the introduction of new diseases
A country at the end of the demographic transition usually has which of the following? A High birth and low death rates B A high infant mortality rate C A high crude birth rate D Low birth and death rates E High population density
D Low birth and death rates
Which of the following describes information a geographer could identify from the map of urban populations in Brazil? A Urban areas with rapid population growth B Distribution of high and low incomes C Areas with negative population growth D Patterns of arithmetic density within specific regions E Urban areas most at risk for overpopulation
D Patterns of arithmetic density within specific regions
A refugee enters the European Union in Italy and is temporarily housed in Germany. He is then granted asylum and is permanently settled in Sweden. Which of the following describes this type of migration that is facilitated by the European Union's open border policies? A Chain migration within the refugee's family and social network B Guest worker migration based upon the free movement of labor C As an internally displaced person within a single state D Step migration across member states to a final destination E As a rural-to-urban migrant seeking employment opportunities
D Step migration across member states to a final destination
In recent decades, all of the following have played a major role in the rapid growth of Sun Belt cities of the United States EXCEPT A immigration from Latin America B high levels of per capita federal spending in the South and West C cheap land and labor D climatic changes leading to colder northern winters E the increasing demand for retirement and resort centers
D climatic changes leading to colder northern winters
The Malthusian view of the world argues that A the contemporary problem of famine in developing countries is a result of the colonial legacy B the problem of population growth is a result of economic underdevelopment C one way to solve population growth in developing countries is to reduce their foreign debt D famine in developing countries can be explained by examining their patterns of population growth E population growth is helpful to developing countries because it provides a larger rural workforce
D famine in developing countries can be explained by examining their patterns of population growth
The low birth and death rates for a country in stage 4 of the demographic transition model are best explained by A the rural population and agricultural livelihood of a less developed country. B the level of education and traditional roles for women in a less developed country C the resource-based economy and life expectancy of a less developed country D the level of urbanization and technological advancement of a more developed country E the environmental pollution and manufacturing infrastructure of a more developed country
D the level of urbanization and technological advancement of a more developed country
Even though total fertility rates have been declining in some less-developed countries, the total population has continued to grow. This is primarily because a high percentage of the population is A female B male C over the age of 15 D under the age of 15 E receiving adequate medical care
D under the age of 15
The international Syrian refugee crisis that started in 2011 is best explained by which of the following migration factors? A An economic pull factor from the European Union, where jobs and housing are available in cities B A demographic push factor from Syria, where the total fertility rate is high C A political pull factor from the United States, where there is a history of Syrian immigration D A political pull factor from Turkey, where there are free and open elections E A political push factor from Syria, where armed conflict imperils personal safety
E A political push factor from Syria, where armed conflict imperils personal safety
Country X has a high youth-dependency ratio. Country Z has fears of running out of agricultural resources. Which of the following explains why Countries X and Z would implement anti-natalist policies? A Antinatalist policies promote higher birth rates so the country will have an adequate future workforce. B Antinatalist policies promote immigration so the country will be able to sustain its population. C Antinatalist policies correct skewed sex ratios so the number of each sex will be relatively even. D Antinatalist policies promote health and sanitation to lower the number of deaths from infectious diseases. E Antinatalist policies promote family planning and education of women to reduce fertility rates.
E Antinatalist policies promote family planning and education of women to reduce fertility rates.
In 2018, a large number of migrants from Afghanistan and Iraq applied for asylum in the European Union. Which of the following is a pull factor that explains this migration? A A high rate of natural increase in the Middle East, leading to overpopulation B Armed conflict, driving many people from their home regions in the Middle East C Drought and food shortages in the Middle East, leading many people to search for food security D Immigration reforms and fenced borders around Europe, controlling the flow of migrant workers E Economic growth and employment opportunities in Europe, attracting immigrant workers
E Economic growth and employment opportunities in Europe, attracting immigrant workers
All of the following twentieth-century migration streams were propelled by persecution or open conflict EXCEPT A Asians leaving Uganda B Kosovars leaving Yugoslavia C Tutsis leaving Rwanda D Hindus leaving Pakistan E Mexicans leaving Mexico
E Mexicans leaving Mexico
Transnational migrants often send money back to their home countries to support nonmigrant family members. What is the term used to describe their international financial transactions? A Reparations B Quotas C Foreign aid D Foreign direct investment E Remittances
E Remittances
(France, Germany, Japan) Based on the data shown, which of the following describes the most likely population context for the countries listed? A High youth dependency ratio and a lack of economic resources to provide for large families B Rapid population growth in cities as people migrate from rural to urban areas for industrial jobs C Shortage of arable land on which to raise crops and other food products to support the population D Unstable food supply due to a rapidly growing population E Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates
E Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates
(lot of men, very few women) The sex ratio represented in the age-sex graph above for Country X is most likely the result of A high infant mortality B undercounting of females C an epidemic with high mortality D a period of war E a large guest-worker population
E a large guest-worker population
In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the demographic transition in Europe was best characterized by A a shift in the composition of national populations toward greater ethnic balance B a net population decline resulting from an excess of deaths over births C migration between European countries D large-scale population movements following periods of war or widespread civil unrest E urbanization and falling birth rates
E urbanization and falling birth rates
