Unit 2 Module 4

Which of the following is a function of vitamins? -Act as antioxidants -Assist enzymes in chemical reactions -Act as hormones -Direct organs to perform specific functions -All of the choices are correct.

-All of the choices are correct.

Caffeine is

fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Vitamin D

Acts as a hormone

Select all of the following ingredients that tend to make up the "energy blend" of an energy drink.

Citicoline Malic acid Taurine Glucoronic acid

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K Stored in the adipose (fatty) tissue in the body

Vitamin B

Acts as a coenzyme in metabolic reactions

Which of the following groups of vitamins act as coenzymes in energy reactions in the cell?

B Vitamins

Of the list of ingredients of energy drinks, select the one that is most likely to facilitate the generation of energy.

B vitamins

Which of the following best describes how caffeine influences the energy reactions of the body.

Caffeine stimulates some metabolic pathways and block others, with the overall result of increased energy production.

Energy drinks tend to lack nutrients such as proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates. Instead, they provide energy sources in other ways.

True This statement is true. Energy drinks tend to lack nutrients, and instead contain vitamins, minerals, and stimulants that interact with metabolic pathways to provide energy.

A substance that aids your body in getting rid of sodium and water is called a(n)

diuretic

Caffeine is neither fat-soluble nor water-soluble.

false

Caffeine is a psychoactive drug. This means

it can cross the blood-brain barrier into the blood.

Caffeine is a(n) _____, meaning it crosses the blood-brain barrier into the brain.

psychoactive drug

Select all of the following ways in which caffeine influences the energy reactions of the body.

-It increases metabolic rates. -It causes the brain to produce hormones that result in the release of fatty acid chains from adipose tissue. -Blood glucose levels are increased.

Vitamin C

Acts as an antioxidant

Which of the following are examples of B vitamins? -Pantothenic acid and riboflavin -Vitamin B1, B12, and B6 -Biotin and niacin -All of these choices are examples of B vitamins.

All of these choices are examples of B vitamins.

Which of the following groups of vitamins act as coenzymes in energy reactions in the cell? -B vitamins -Vitamin D -fat-soluble vitamins -Vitamin E

B vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins

B vitamins, Vitamin C Dissolve in water, not stored in the body for long, easily excreted in urine

Select all of the following claims that are often made by energy drink manufacturers about their beverages. - Energy drinks can help increase mental awareness. - Energy drinks can cure or treat some illnesses. - Energy drinks can reduce muscle fatigue. - Energy drinks can help with weight loss. - Energy drinks can help increase energy levels.

Energy drinks can help increase mental awareness. Energy drinks can reduce muscle fatigue. Energy drinks can help increase energy levels.

The body is able to absorb and use all of the B vitamins that are found in energy drinks.

False

Which type of vitamin is stored in adipose tissue in the body? Examples include vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Select all of the following roles that B vitamins play in the body. -Functions as a component of acetyl CoA during the prep reactions -Acts as a coenzyme in ATP-generating reactions in the body -Functions as a component of electron carriers -Act as an antioxidant -Acts as a hormone

Functions as a component of acetyl CoA during the prep reactions Acts as a coenzyme in ATP-generating reactions in the body Functions as a component of electron carriers

Caffeine is considered to be a stimulant because .....

Individuals experience decreased drowsiness. There is an increase in heart rate

Select all of the components that are often found in energy drinks. -Minerals -Sugars and other sources of carbohydrates -Proteins -Stimulants like caffeine and citicoline -Unsaturated fats -Vitamins

Minerals Stimulants like caffeine and citicoline Vitamins

Which of the following statements is true regarding the ingredients of most energy drinks?

Most ingredients are found naturally in the foods we eat or produced naturally in the body, so supplements are often unnecessary for most individuals AND most of the ingredients found in energy drinks are in excess concentrations, so the excess is often excreted from the body and not used.

Which of the following collections of foods provide good sources of several B vitamins?

Nuts, whole grain cereals, beans, and leafy green vegetables These are sources of Vitamins B1, B6, and B12, as well as Niacin, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin

Which of the following is most similar to the "energy blend" that would be found in an energy drink?

Taurine, glucuronic acid, malic acid, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and citicoline

Which of the following best describes the role of diuretics in the body?

They aid the body in getting rid of sodium and water by increasing urine output.

What is the most likely outcome for excess B vitamins obtained from energy drinks?

They are excreted in urine.

Which of the following best describes coenzymes?

They interact directly with enzymes to change their shape and allow substrates to bind more efficiently.

The body is not able to absorb all of the B vitamins found in energy drinks, so the excess is excreted in the urine.

Truue

accurately describe the components often found in energy drinks?

Vitamins, minerals, and an "energy blend" that may include stimulants

The neurotransmitter (BLANK) is responsible for interacting with neurons in the brain, interfering with their ability to activate other neurotransmitters, and therefore increasing drowsiness over the course of the day.

adenosine

Which of the following neurotransmitters interferes with other neurotransmitters to increase drowsiness over the course of the day?

adenosine

Organic molecules that interact directly with enzymes to enable reactions to occur more efficiently are called

coenzyme

The amount of energy generated by the body to maintain functions including body temperature is called its _____.

metabolic rate

The sum total of all chemical reactions in the body refer to an individual's

metabolic rate