unit 2 psychology

Which of the follow scenarios is the best example of natural selection?

During a drought, the foliage in a region turns brown. More brownish moths than whitish moths from a particular breed survive predation and produce more offspring. Subsequent generations of moths have a higher percentage of brownish moths than the generation before.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?

Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?

endocrine system

Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body?

endocrine system

A child's sex is genetically determined by the

father

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for

pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

Abnormalities in calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with

parathyroid

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

pituitary gland

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is

the myelin sheath

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as

the refractory period

Which scenario best exemplifies Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection?

A mutation in a species of lizards that allows them to better blend into their surroundings leads to greater survival and more offspring possessing this mutation in a later generation.

The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions?

Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

James was born with a condition that makes it impossible for him to metabolize certain proteins. Due to early screening and a special diet, he was able to avoid developing potentially serious symptoms. Which of the following disorders does James have?

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of a liver enzyme which, if not treated soon after birth, may eventually lead to profound mental retardation?

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?

The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.

Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?

The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential.

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

absolute refractory phase

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?

all or none response

The pituitary gland is controlled by the

hypothalamus

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep?

melatonin

The result of the evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called

natural selection

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called

reuptake

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

testosterone

The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called

the action potential