unit 2 - research chapter - answers to first test

community psychologists intervene at the primary level when they

design prevention programs for potential problems before the problems actually occur

If college graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates, this would indicate that level of education and income are

positively correlated

which of the following hypotheses would be most difficult to test experimentally?

Divorce makes children more independent

A researcher interested in proving a casual relationship between two variables should choose which research method?

Experiment

Which of the following is an example of random sampling?

Having a computer generate a random list of 100 high school students

what is the dependent variable in this study?

Incidence of aggressive behavior

which of the following is a positive correlation?

People who exercise regularly are more likely to be overweight.

A psychologist gives the same test to a class of students at the beginning of the day and again at the end of the school day. The extent to which test scores are similar across the two administrations demonstrates which of the following test properties?

Reliability

In a perfectly normal distribution of scores, which of the following statements is true?

The mean, median, and mode are all the same number

which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's theory?

Unconscious conflict

Samantha experienced a traumatic brain injury and afterward began to exhibit bizarre symptoms that no one had ever documented before. The best research method to study Samantha would be

a case study

a person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists had not known about previously because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is

a case study

Dr. Rodriguez is interested in finding out if stress levels throughout the year have a relationship with students' grades. The research method she most likely used is

a correlational study

Dr. Wescott hypothesized that students in a classroom seating 30 would get higher course grades than students seated in an auditorium seating 300. In this example,

classroom size has been operationally defined

Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate

many confounding variables

abdul has volunteered to participate to participate in an experiment evaluating the effectiveness of aspirin. Neither he nor the experimenters know whether the pills he takes during the experiment contain aspiring or are merely placebos. the investigators are apparently making use of

the double blind procedure

Alexandra is told that research supports the value of cosmetic surgery for boosting self-esteem. Belinda is told that the esteem-enhancing valve of cosmetic surgery has been refuted by research. Both women would consider the findings to be common sense. This best illustrates the power of

the hindsight bias

Lilly scored a 130 on an IQ test with a mean of 100 and a SD of 15. What is her Z score?

2

which of the following groups of scores would have the smallest standard deviation?

2, 4, 6, 8, 10

on a 10-item test, three students in Professor Hsin's advanced chemistry seminar receive scores of 2, 5, and 8 respectively. For this distribution of test scores, the standard deviation, is equal to the square root of

6

In a normal distribution, what percentage of the scores in the distribution falls within one SD on either side of the mean?

68%

the biases of psychological researches

affect observations and interpretations of data

Positive psychology, which studies the ideas behind human flourishing, is connected to which psychologist?

Martin Seligman

What is the independent variable in this study?

Type of television program viewed

a basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who

appear fertile

a double blind control is essential for which of the following?

assessment of a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms

your professor directs a child and adolescent clinic that specializes in shaping behavior through rewards and consequences. which of the following branches of psychology does this clinic support?

behaviorism

Watson is to _________ as Rogers is to _____________________

behaviorism; humanistic psychology

which of the following statements is most correct about the relationship between correlation and causation?

correlation indicates the possibility of a causal relationship, but it does not prove causation

Historians of science describe which three attitudes as the basis of the scientific viewpoint?

curiosity, skepticism, humility

Which psychological principle best explains why studying an hour per day for a week is more effective than one 7-hour study session?

distributed practice

this research method is best characterized as (t.v. ex.)

experimental

Francis Bacon and John Locke helped form modern science by stressing the importance of

experimentation and the tabula rasa

In the hypothesis "students who study a list of terms in the morning, just after waking up, will study the list just before falling asleep," what is the independent variable?

time of day

how do you find range?

highest value - lowest value

which of the following defines ethical principals that should guide human experimentation?

informed consent, protection from harm, confidentiality, debriefing

which of the following is true of the American psychological association?

it addresses a number of ethical guidelines for the practice of psychology

Which makes finding statistical significance more likely?

large sample size

Is alcohol misuse biologically determined or culturally influenced? This debate is more relevant to the issue of:

nature versus nurture

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates

overconfidence

An illusory correlation is best defined as a

perceived relationship where one does not exist

correlation research is more useful for purposes of

prediction

Dr. Sampson follows the structuralist school of thought. Her techniques would most likely include

presenting a participant with an object, such as a can of soda, and having the subject report his or her perceptions or experience of the can

the notion that human behavior is greater influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?

psychodynamic

Julie is interested in developing a test to measure achievement levels of middle school students. Which of the following domains of psychology is most applicable to Julie's interest?

psychometric

Which procedure helps to ensure that the participants in a survey are representative of a larger population?

random sampling

Which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study with different participants and in different circumstances?

replication

in developmental psychology, one advantage of cross-sectional over longitudinal studies is that cross-sectional research

requires comparatively little time

what is the primary advantage of conducting a survey rather than using other types of research methods?

surveys can gather information from a diverse representation of and a large number of people

Professor Ahad has forty-three students in section one of the psychology classes she teaches and fifty-two students in section two. Section one meets at eight a.m. and, section two meets at one p.m. Professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those in section two score significantly higher that those in section one. Professor Ahad concludes that her section one students are academically inferior to students in section two. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad's conclusion is that

time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario

Marjorie's little brother tends to bother her when he is bored. Marjorie wants to figure out which toy will keep her brother occupied the longest so he will not bother her. She conducts a study where each day at 6 P.M. for a week she gives her brother a different toy and on one of the days she gives him no toys to play with. She measures the amount of time he spends playing with each toy before he comes to bother her. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IN THIS EXAMPLE?

type of toy

There is a negative correlation between TV watching and grades. What can we conclude from this research finding?

we can conclude that a student who watches a lot of TV is likely to have lower grades