Unit 2: Scanning Electron Microscopes

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Kingdoms

groups organisms of all life into six major categories

Experimental Group

identical to the control group except for one factor, the independent variable

eyepiece(ocular lense)

magnifies the image, usually 10 times

Domain

major subdivions of all organisms

Objective Lens

Light passes through the specimen adn thn through the objective lens which is located directly above the specimen

Metric Systema

a decimal-based standard of measurement that is used by scientists

Light Source

a light bulb that provides light for viewing the image

Scanning Electron Microscope

a microscope that produces an enlarged, three dimensional image of an object by using a beam of electrons rather than light

Compoudn Light Microscope

a microscope that shines light through a specimen and has two lenses to magnify an image

Transmission Electron Microscope

a microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a very thin slice of specimen and that can magnify up to 200,000 times

Stage

a platform that supports a slide holding the specimen

hypothesis

a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions

Gene

a short segementof DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism

Prediction

a statement that forecasts what would happen in a test situation if the hypothesis were true

Natural Selection

theory that says organismsthat have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce successfully than organisms that lack these traits

Adaptations

traits that improve an individuals ability to sruvive and reproduce

Experiment

used to test a hypothesis and its predictions

Reproduction

all organisms profuse new organisms like themselves

Theory

an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning

Ecosystems

are communities of living species and their physical environments

Tissues

are groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow the organ to function

Organelles

are tiny structures that carry out untions necessary for the cell to stay alive

Biological molecules

chemical compounds that provide physical structure and that bring about movement, energy use, and other cellular functions

Evolution

descent with modification

Dependent Variable

is affected by the independent variable, the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of one or more factors

Organization

is the high degree of order within an organisms internal and external parts aand in its interactions with the living world

Base Units

one of the fundemental units of measurement that describes length, mass, time and other quiantites and from which other unis are derived

multicellular

organisms made up of multiple cells

Unicellular

organisms made up of one cell

Scientific Method

organized approach characterizing science

Development

process by which an organism becomes a mature adult

Control Group

provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group

Organs

structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system

Biology

study of life

Observation

the act of percieivng a natural occurance that causessomeone to pose a question

Ecology

the branch of biology that studies organisms interacting with each other and with the environment

Division

the formation of two new cells from an existing cell

Magnification

the increase of an objects apparent size

Homeostasis

the maintenance of a stabel level of internal conditions even though the environmental conditions are constantly changing

Resolution

the power to show details clearly in an image

Peer Review

the process in which experts in a given field examine the results and conclusions of a scientist's study before that study is accepted for publication

Cell

the smallest unit that can perform all life's processes

nosepiece

the structure that holds the set of objective lens

Metabolism

the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and tranform energy and materials from the environment

Independent Variable

the variable that the experimenter manipulates


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