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Which of the following examples describes the core value of equality of opportunity? A A student gains admittance to a university solely based on academic performance. B A person is hired at a workplace because the hiring manager prefers younger employees. C A business owner receives a loan from a bank as a result of growing up with the bank manager. D A citizen is appointed to the school board through political connections with the mayor.

A student gains admittance to a university solely based on academic performance.

Which of the following explains how the role of government in health-care policy would be influenced if the policy proposal in the passage were to be implemented? A Because it is a single-payer system, the federal government would be able to cut taxes and still fund healthcare for everyone in the country. B Due to the nature of the single-payer system, the federal government would provide health-care plans only to people who were unable to afford their own plans. C Because it is a single-payer system, the federal government would let private insurance companies take over administering health-care plans. D Due to the nature of single-payer health-care systems, the federal government would be responsible for funding and administering a Medicare-for-all system.

Due to the nature of single-payer health-care systems, the federal government would be responsible for funding and administering a Medicare-for-all system.

Which of the following public policies would Democrats be most likely to support? A Reducing taxes on American businesses and corporations B Increasing the age of eligibility for social security benefits C Reducing the size of the federal government by eliminating an executive department D Increasing taxes on the wealthiest Americans

Increasing taxes on the wealthiest Americans

Which of the following statements are supported by the data in the table? A Conservatives are more likely than liberals to believe that global warming is a crisis. B Moderates are more likely than conservatives to agree that global warming is not a problem. C Liberals are more likely than moderates to agree that global warming is a crisis. D Conservatives are more likely than moderates to say that global warming is a major problem.

Liberals are more likely than moderates to agree that global warming is a crisis.

The idea of having a constitution, which includes a separation of powers and a system of checks and balances, promotes which of the following core American values? A Civil liberties B Rule of law C Limited government D Federalism

Limited government

Which of the following statements are illustrated by the data in table? A The Silent Generation is more likely to say they have become more liberal over time politically than Millennials. B Millennials are more likely to say they have become more liberal politically over time than Baby Boomers. C Generation X is more likely to say their political views have not changed or been mixed over time compared to the Silent Generation. D Baby Boomers are more likely to say they have become more conservative politically over time than the Silent Generation.

Millennials are more likely to say they have become more liberal politically over time than Baby Boomers.

Which of the following are supported by the data in the table? A Very few people change their views on social or political issues over time. B Younger people are more apt to identify as politically liberal rather than socially liberal. C As people get older, they tend to become more liberal on social issues but not on political issues. D More people become more socially conservative over time than more socially liberal.

More people become more socially conservative over time than more socially liberal.

Which of the following explanations is least supported by information on the chart? A Most Democrats and Republicans surveyed believe that an increase in social security taxes is needed to address social security deficits. B Most Democrats and Republicans surveyed think that terrorism is a priority for Trump and Congress. C Both Democrats and Republicans surveyed believe the military is a less important priority than the economy. D A majority of respondents surveyed do not believe that reducing crime is a more important priority than reducing the budget deficit.

Most Democrats and Republicans surveyed believe that an increase in social security taxes is needed to address social security deficits.

2)According to the bar graph, which of the following statements is true about the influence of family on political traits? A The family has about a 30 percent rate of influence on the acquisition of political knowledge. B Foreign policy preferences are about 40 percent influenced by family. C Political party identification is about 70 percent influenced by family. D Attitudes about immigration are about 60 percent influenced by the family.

Political party identification is about 70 percent influenced by family.

Which of the following concepts is most closely related to the passage? A Public opinion polling B Partisanship C Political socialization D Ideology

Political socialization

Which of the following public policies would Republicans be most likely to support? A Creating a government-run health-care system B Restricting who can carry and purchase guns C Reducing government funding to organizations that provide reproductive services D Increasing the number of undocumented immigrants who may remain the country

Reducing government funding to organizations that provide reproductive services

The data in the chart is too limited to support which if the following generalizations? A Democrats believe the environment is a more important policy priority than terrorism. B Republicans believe climate change is a priority for state governments rather than the federal government. C Most Democrats believe the federal government needs to take action to reduce crime. D There is a relatively wide partisan gap on whether the military should be a top priority for the Trump administration.

Republicans believe climate change is a priority for state governments rather than the federal government.

The students mentioned in the passage did not have a strong preference in candidates or increased levels of partisanship, despite their exposure to civics education. Which of the following explains this type of political socialization? A Political socialization does not include the formation of political beliefs but rather refers only to the likelihood of participation. B Younger people are less likely to understand politics; therefore, the civics courses were unlikely to lead to strong preferences regarding partisanship or candidates. C Public schools are prohibited by law from discussing political issues and current events, which limits the effect of political socialization. D Some life experiences that socialize individuals into politics affect specific behaviors but not partisanship or ideology.

Some life experiences that socialize individuals into politics affect specific behaviors but not partisanship or ideology.

Using both maps, which of the following best explains how states without the death penalty voted in the 2016 presidential election? A States without the death penalty were more likely to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election. B Support for or opposition to the death penalty had no correlation to how a state voted in 2016. C States without the death penalty were more likely to cast their ballots for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election. D States without the death penalty were just as likely to vote for Hillary Clinton as they were to vote for Donald Trump.

States without the death penalty were more likely to cast their ballots for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election.

Source: CIRCLE, 2013. Which of the following explains how the scenario described in the passage relates to political behavior? A Globalization has influenced how individuals participate in politics. B Taking part in civic education affects whether or not an individual participates politically. C Generational differences account for major differences in political participation rates. D Individuals are likely to form opinions about politics that correspond to their parents' views.

Taking part in civic education affects whether or not an individual participates politically.

Which of the following parties would be most likely to support requiring voters to show photo identification when going to the voting booth? A The Democratic Party B The Republican Party C The Green Party D The Libertarian Party

The Republican Party

Which of the following is a possible limitation depicted by the data presented in the chart? A The chart does not show many differences between the parties on public policy issues. B The chart does not account for the segments of the population that identify as Independents. C The chart does not take into account those who are not registered to vote. D The chart surveyed respondents during January 5-9, 2018.

The chart does not account for the segments of the population that identify as Independents.

Which of the following best explains how the format affected the polls? A The closed-ended format limited respondents to fewer options, which forced respondents to focus on the most important issue of those options. B The closed-ended format decreased participation because it was more difficult for respondents to think of a response. C The open-ended format increased the number of respondents who mentioned energy policy because the poll reminded them of the issue. D The open-ended format limited the number of potential responses, which affected the accuracy of the poll.

The closed-ended format limited respondents to fewer options, which forced respondents to focus on the most important issue of those options.

Which of the following elements of polling likely created the difference in the poll results? A The difference was likely a result of the margin of error. B One poll is a tracking poll, and the other is a benchmark poll. C The formats of the survey questions are different. D The questions are worded differently.

The formats of the survey questions are different.

According to the bar graph, which of the following is true about the influence of the general environment on political traits? A The general environment is the greatest influence in the acquisition of political knowledge in twins. B The general environment accounts for about 20 percent of the influence on political party identification in twins. C The general environment plays the biggest role in whether twins will participate and turn out to vote. D The general environment accounts for about 50 percent of the influence on attitudes about race in twins.

The general environment accounts for about 20 percent of the influence on political party identification in twins.

Using both maps, which of the following explains how states with the death penalty voted in the 2016 election? A The maps show that states with the death penalty were more likely to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election. B The maps show that support for or opposition to the death penalty had no correlation to how a state voted in the 2016 election. C The maps show that states with the death penalty were more likely to cast their ballots for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election. D The maps show that states with the death penalty were just as likely to vote for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, as they were to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump.

The maps show that states with the death penalty were more likely to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election.

Using both maps, which of the following best explains why support for the death penalty is concentrated in the southern and middle parts of the United States? A The maps show that the southern and middle parts of the United States have liberal views on social issues. B The maps show that the southern and middle parts of the United States have conservative views on social issues. C The maps show that since the southern and middle parts of the United States have more people, they are more likely to decide public policy for the rest of the country. D The maps show that since the southern and middle parts of the United States are wealthier, they are more likely to support the death penalty.

The maps show that the southern and middle parts of the United States have conservative views on social issues.

The polling in the summer of 2016 shows a sharp increase in popular support for Clinton, followed by a sharp increase in popular support for Trump. Which of the following factors most likely accounts for these increases in popular support? A A change in the use of sampling techniques employed by polling organizations B The timing of political events covered by the news which temporarily influenced preferences C The effect of political socialization on individuals responding to poll questions D Sampling errors that affected polling results

The timing of political events covered by the news which temporarily influenced preferences

Which of the following explains how the passage could influence policy trends in health care? A The passage could influence Congress to pass legislation that increases the regulation of health insurance companies. B The passage could convince more members of Congress to support Medicare for all. C The passage could influence state legislators to limit the types of health-care plans offered in their states. D The passage could influence citizens in deciding whether or not they should purchase health care plans.

The passage could convince more members of Congress to support Medicare for all.

Which of the following most likely explains how the views of moderates would be affected by this passage? A The passage might convince a moderate to support a single-payer system and passage of a constitutional amendment that allows Congress to create a single-payer health-care system. B The passage might convince a moderate to oppose a single-payer system of health care and contact their representatives in Congress to indicate their opposition. C The passage might convince a moderate to oppose a single-payer system of health care and vote for a member of Congress who supports defunding Medicare entirely. D The passage might convince a moderate to support a single-payer system of health care and a proposal that would double income taxes to pay for it.

The passage might convince a moderate to oppose a single-payer system of health care and contact their representatives in Congress to indicate their opposition.

A member of Congress is arrested and convicted of failing to pay the proper amount of income tax. Which of the following core American values is most relevant to this case? A Limited government B Equality of opportunity C Free enterprise D The rule of law

The rule of law

In the 2016 election, Donald Trump won the election despite losing the popular vote by about two percent. The line graph illustrates which of the following about presidential election polling? A The trend appears to indicate that Clinton is more likely to win, but factors such as margin of error and the electoral system also need to be taken into account. B Most polling used by the media is biased and lacks scientific rigor, leading to incorrect assumptions about who will win elections. C Even though polls reach many people, it is not useful to make inferences about the general population because most people are not being polled. D Polling the same group of people over a long period of time leads to incorrect polling results.

The trend appears to indicate that Clinton is more likely to win, but factors such as margin of error and the electoral system also need to be taken into account.

The data from the two polls, which ask the same question, illustrate which of the following? A Public opinion can influence policy debates and election results. B Polls that do not use scientific methods will not be replicable in another setting. C Those making inferences from polling results should understand the methods used by pollsters. D Scientific polling is not an appropriate way to measure public opinion.

Those making inferences from polling results should understand the methods used by pollsters.

The trend in late October and early November showing Clinton ahead but an increase in support for Trump most likely would be A used by Clinton to assure her supporters of a likely victory B described as momentum by the trailing Trump campaign to encourage supporters to vote C the result of the margin of error, which might lead one to believe Trump was possibly ahead D a result of unscientific polling practices by polling organizations

described as momentum by the trailing Trump campaign to encourage supporters to vote

1)Based on the twin studies data shown in the bar graph, which of the following political traits are most influenced by genetics? A Political knowledge B Attitudes about race C Participation and voter turnout D Political party identification

poltical knowleadge