Unit 2 Test Review

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

What are the 4 classes or groups of biomolecules?

Proteins are found in ___________________ system.

immune

Every different biomolecule structure performs ___________________ functions.

different

What are the polymers for lipids?

diglycerides and triglycerides

What is the polymer for protein?

polypeptide

What type of molecule are enzymes

proteins

enzymes are an example of _________________.

proteins.

Polymers

Monomers join together to make up ___.

Monosaccharides (such as glucose)

Monomers or building blocks of carbohydrates are ____.

Fatty Acids and Glycerol

Monomers or building blocks of lipids are ____.

Nucleotides

Monomers or building blocks of nucleic acids are ____.

Amino Acids

Monomers or building blocks of proteins are ____.

Low temp on reaction

Particles have lower kinetic energy therefore enzymes & substrates collide less often. Reaction rate is slow

What are the elements that make up proteins?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (CHON)

High temp on reaction

After optimum temp, the enzyme will denature and lose its function

Monosaccharides (1 sugar big such as glucose) Polysaccharides (many sugars big, such as starch or cellulose)

Carbohydrates can be classified into 2 groups based on size. What are they?

What are the elements that make up carbohydrates?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

What are the elements that make up nucleic acids?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus (CHONP)

High pH

Enzymes denature above pH7, excessive alkalinity

Low pH

Enzymes denature under pH7, excessive acidity

1. Primary energy source (glucose) 2. Structure (cellulose) 3. Short-term storage (starch, glycogen)

How do carbohydrates function?

Basic fast energy or fuel source (This molecule is converted to ATP so the cell can do work)

How does this molecule function in cells?

Amino Acid

Identify this molecule.

Lipid (triglyceride= glycerol +fatty acids)

Identify this molecule.

Glucose Carbohydrate (simple sugar or monosaccharide)

Identify this molecule. What class of biomolecules does it belong?

Protein molecue

If you put many of these molecules together (by removing water), what larger molecule will they form?

What if an enzyme is denatured?

It's structure will change and the function is lost. They cannot be fixed.

Lipids

Long-term, back-up energy storage and insulation are the functions of which biomolecule?

Antibodies

Proteins that are produced by white blood cells and circulate in your blood stream help to defend your body against foreign invaders. What type of biomolecule are antibodies?

Muscle; Protein

The "meat" you eat (beef, chicken, ham, etc) is actually ___ and therefore, which type of biomolecule?

What is a substrate?

The reactant that an enzyme acts upon... They are complementary to enzymes.

How do enzymes catalyse reactions

They lower the activation energy - they DONT increase amount of product, just the speed at which it is produced.

What are enzymes

They serve as catalysts - speed up or slow down reactions.

Lipid (Phospholipid)

This specific biomolecule is an excellent boundary for the cell. This molecule is known as a(n) ___.

What is an active site?

Where the substrate bind to the enzyme

Carbohydrates

Which group of biomolecules have this structure?

DNA

Which nucleic acid functions as the Genetic Code?

Monomers

___ make up polymers. They are like building blocks.

A potato is an example of a ________________.

carbohydrate.

Which two biomolecules have the same exact elements?

carbohydrates and lipids

Oil and butter are examples of _____________.

lipids.

All biomolecules are used by _______________ _______________.

living things.

DNA and RNA are examples of _________ _______.

nucleic acids.