Unit 2 - World History 10

Triangular Trade

Trading between Europe, the Americas, and Africa

Joint-Stock companies

Privately owned companies that combined wealth to invest. Not as risky, but shared profits

Champlain

Searched Canada for a northeast passage to Asia, failed to do so, but founded Quebec. This lead to the French becoming a large colony along the Mississippi River from Canada to New Orleans

Caravels

A ship European shipbuilders build that could travel in open seas (term), and in shallow water. These ships had triangular sails, allowing ships to sail against the wind

Blue Water Sailing

Caravels used this technique of sailing to travel in open seas and shallow water, rather than near the coast

Cortez

Conquered the Aztecs in Mexico

Pizarro

Conquered the Inca in South America (Peru)

Mercantilism

Countries' power depends on wealth More money = more power Balance of trade (imports vs exports)

Capitalism

Economic system based on private ownership and investment of resources

Colombian Exchange

Exchange of food, plants, and animals between the new and old worlds

Dias

First European to sail around the tip of Africa, and opened doors to trade relations in India

Balboa

First conquistador to find the Pacific Ocean

James Cook

First explorer the be in contact with Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii.

Magellan

First explorer to circumnavigate the earth

Vasco de Gama

First explorer to find a direct route, all-water trade route to Asia by going around Africa to get to India. This discovery led to Portugal gaining a sea route to Asia, which brought them much wealth.

Prince Henry

From Portugal, and created a school of navigation to train sailors. Brought in Europe's best map-makers, ship-builders, and sailing instructors. Wanted to find new territories, find a quick trade route to Asia, and expand Portugal's power.

Reasons for Exploration

God, glory, and gold were reasons for exploration. God - Catholics and European Christians wanted to convert non-Christians and stop the spread of other religions, sometimes, they brought missionaries to convert people. Gold - Gold was a source of wealth, and the main reason for exploration. The Crusades and Renaissance made exotic, luxury goods highly demanded jip. Merchants looked for quick, direct trade routes to increase profits and get to Asian to avoid Muslim and Italian merchants. Glory - The Renaissance inspired new possibilities for power and prestige. Exploration presented Europeans the opportunity to rise from poverty and gain fame, fortune, and status. Kings who sponsored voyages of exploration gained overseas colonies, new sources of wealth for their nation, and increased power.

Astrolobe

Instrument used by sailors to find their position with the stars

San Salvador

Island that Columbus named, located in the Bahamas

Ponce de Leon

Led the first European expedition to Florida

Improvement in maps

More accurate, using longitude and latitude. Magnetic compasses made sailing more accurate

Most important trade items

New-Old - potatoes, corn, tobacco Old-New - animals like pigs, horses, cows

Impact of Exploration (name five)

-Native Americans' civilizations destroyed -European diseases killed millions of Native Americans -European powers built extensive _____________ -Large numbers of Europeans moved to the Americas -Native American crops (corn, potato, tomato) brought to Europe, known as the (term)

Age of Exploration/Age of Discovery

1400- 1700 - The Renaissance encouraged curiosity and a desire for trade; as a result of exploration, European nations grew powerful and spread their influence throughout the world

Christopher Columbus

Spain - Explorer sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. He thought the earth was round, and believed it was possible to reach Asia sailing west. Went to Bahamas, thinking it was India

Conquistadors

Spanish explorers sent to the New World to find gold, claim land, and spread Christianity