Unit 2/3 answer key

The incorporation doctrine involves:

application of the Bill of Rights to the states

The Fourteenth Amendment explicitly forbids the states from denying:

equal protection of the laws

Prior restraint refers to:

government actions that prevent the publication of material in print media

Civil Liberties are:

individual legal and constitutional protections against the government

Which of the following basic liberties was NOT protected by the Constitution before the adoption of the Bill of Rights?

legal representation in non-capital cases

The Lemon Test is used to determine if:

legislation that deals with religion creates illegal government interference

The vice president of the United States is the ceremonial leader of the Senate, but he or she has little real leadership responsibilities. Who is the true leader of the Senate?

majority leader

Which form of legislature did the Constitutional Convention create?

bicameral

Critics of the Senate Majority Leader ostracized this decision as an inability to fulfil this role in the Constitution?

Article 2 Section 2, Advise and Consent

Cabinet members are chosen:

By a simple majority vote in the United States Senate

Which constitutional principle is reflected in the excerpt?

Checks and balances

The Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education was based on the legal argument that segregation violated the _____________ Amendment.

Fourteenth

In Gitlow v. New York (1925), the decision that states could not abridge the freedoms of expression protected by the First Amendment was based on the due process clause of:

Fourteenth Amendment

To which of the following congressional committees would a proposal to reform the national income-tax system initially be sent?

House Ways and Means Committee

In what way did the 17th Amendment broaden democracy?

It gave citizens greater control of who represents them in the Senate, calling for direct election of Senators.

Which of the following criticisms of the War Powers Resolution is most consistent with the author's argument?

It violates the principle of separation of powers

The Supreme Court struck down the use of racial quotas for affirmative action in which of the following cases?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

One consequence of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was:

a dramatic increase in the number of African Americans registered to vote

To prevent abuse of police power, the Fourth Amendment requires that no court may issue ________ unless probable cause exists to believe that a crime has occurred or is about to occur.

a search warrant

In Federalist #70, Alexander Hamilton states that "energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government." In this statement, Hamilton is arguing in favor of the need for:

a single executive who can respond quickly to crises

All the following criteria represent procedures used for evaluating the legitimacy of affirmative action programs EXCEPT:

affirmative action programs based strictly on quotas

Which of the following methods is the formal method for ending a filibuster mentioned by McConnell in his speech? How many votes are needed for it to pass?

cloture; 60

All of these were ways of disenfranchising African Americans EXCEPT:

congressional legislation

The abridgment of citizens' freedom to worship, or not to worship, as they please is prohibited by the:

free exercise clause

Most criminal cases are settled through:

plea bargaining

The Supreme Court has allowed all of these EXCEPT:

polygamy

A shield law:

protects reporters from having to reveal their sources

The establishment clause concerns:

religion

In the 1992 case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court ruled that abortion:

restrictions could be imposed by states if they did not involve "undue burdens" on the women seeking abortions

Which of the following is NOT specifically stated in the Bill of Rights?

right to privacy

Jim Crow laws:

were enacted by Southern whites in the late Nineteenth century to segregate African Americans from whites

The Fifth Amendment protects citizens against which of the following?

(E) II, III, IV, and V

Which of the following accurately compares the formal and informal powers of the president?

- Acting as commander-in-chief of the military - Signing an executive order to designate combat roles during a conflict with Yemen

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the House of Representatives and the Senate?

- Members are elected by the constituents in a local district based on population - Members are elected by constituents of an entire state

Which of the following amendments best correlates with Mrs. Roosevelt's remarks?

22nd Amendment

1. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a member of Congress supporting pork-barrel legislation?

A senator from an agricultural state amending legislation to establish a potato research institute in his or her state

Which of the following civil liberties contained within the Bill of Rights have been applied to the states?

I, II, III, and IV

Which of the following are true about the constitutionality guaranteed rights of criminal defendants?

I, III, and IV

Why might a President favor repealing the 22 amendment?

It would allow them to run for office for a third term.

Which of the following is true about the impeachment process?

The House can impeach a president and the Senate can remove a president on conviction of bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

In the context of the scenario Senator Ennis is indicating he plans to vote in accordance to the wishes of the majority of his constituents on other bills. Which model of representation do his actions embody?

The delegate model

Which of the following may the president do to limit the power of Congress?

The president can veto a congressional bill that has passed the House and Senate.

The "wall of separation" doctrine refers to the:

division of church and state

The right to assemble extends to groups in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

right-to-life advocates attempting to prevent access to abortion clinics

In Texas v. Johnson (1989), the Supreme Court gave 1st Amendment protection to:

symbolic speech

A provision in the Constitution that has been used to expand federal power over the states is:

the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

The courts have used __________ to prevent illegally seized evidence from being introduced into the courtroom.

the exclusionary rule

In the case of _____________, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of races by law was constitutional so long as the facilities that were separate were also equal.

Plessy v. Ferguson

In the 1963 case of _______________, the Supreme Court ruled that defendants in all felony cases had a right to counsel, and if they could not afford to hire a lawyer, one must be provided.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Which of the following is a difference between the House and the Senate?

House members serve for two-year terms and Senators for six-year terms.

Which of the following describes the president's Cabinet?

Its members have varying levels of influence on presidential decisions.

Which of the following cases did the Supreme Court enforce the use of the exclusionary rule in state trials?

Mapp v. Ohio

Which of the following cases established the principle that when speech directly interferes with an important governmental function like maintaining order, then that speech may be suppressed?

Schenck v. United States

Who would be responsible for having Senator Ennis"fall in line" and vote with the rest of his party on gun-control legislation?

Senate Whip

The ___________ is the final interpreter of the content and scope of Americans' civil liberties.

Supreme Court

Which of the following best describes the President's purpose in the passage above?

To set an agenda by speaking with a large audience of both constituents and Congress

The writ of habeas corpus is a protection against:

arbitrary or unfair imprisonment

What is the difference between de facto and de jure segregation?

de facto segregation cannot be stopped by legislation

Although it is well established that obscene materials are not protected under the First Amendment, the problem the Supreme Court has faced is:

defining what obscenity is

The House Rules Committee is an important part of the legislative process because it

determines the terms and conditions of debate when a bill goes to the House floor

In the case of New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that:

statements made about political figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth

Libel and slander most closely come into conflict with the constitutional guarantee of:

free speech

All of the following are constitutional protections for people accused of a crime EXCEPT:

freedom to petition

In the past century, the Fourteenth Amendment has been used to:

gradually apply the Bill of Rights to the states

The Civil Rights Act of 1964:

guaranteed equal access to hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodations

The Miranda Rule:

has required all police officers to inform accused persons of their rights

Which clause in the Constitution was interpreted by the activist court of the 1960s to allow Congress the power to pass laws combating discrimination?

the commerce clause

The decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) was justified by the Supreme Court largely on the grounds of:

the right of privacy implied in the Bill of Rights