Unit 3 AP Gov Test Bank
Martin Luther King, Jr.'s essay Letter from a Birmingham Jail (1993) inspired many to fight for greater equality. King's personal message in this essay can be distilled down to
"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
Which of the following is an active comparison of Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education?
"Separate but Equal" facilities is constitutional and "Separate but Equal" is unconstitutional
The Civil Rights Act of ______, the most important law since the Emancipation Proclamation, made racial discrimination illegal in public accommodations throughout America.
1964
Civil liberties are constitutionally established guarantees and freedoms that protect citizens, opinions and property against arbitrary government interference. Which of the following would be an example of arbitrary governmental interference?
A law establishing a religious test for civic participation
The first Congress added a Bill of Rights to the original Constitution. The Bill of Rights was added to increase the loyalty of the people. What fundamental worry did the Bill of Rights address?
A national government that was too strong
Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the Fourth Amendment?
A suspect's cell phone is analyzed by police before a warrant is issued
Based on previous rulings, the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning which of the following as a right to privacy case?
A woman who is prevented from obtaining an abortion
The American with Disabilities Act of 1990
Added handicapped people to the list of Americans protected from discrimination
James Madison wrote in Federalist 51: If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. Which of the following statements best summarizes Madison's argument?
Both the citizens and the government need to be checked and limited
The Supreme Court decision in Barron v. Baltimore (1833) maintained that the Bill of Rights intended to prevent
Cities from taking private property without due process
Segregation, discrimination and prejudice in places of commerce would no longer be accepted due to this historic piece of legislation:
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Establishment and Free Exercise Clause?
Congress can make no official religion in the United States the right to practice any religion or no religion at all
Writing a dissenting opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Justice Harlan wrote: Our Constitution is color-blind and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. The humblest is the peer of the most powerful. The law regards man as man and takes no account of his surroundings or of his color when his civil rights as guaranteed by the supreme law of the land are involved.... What founding document best matches the sentiments of Justice Harlan?
Constitution of the United States
Which of the following best exemplifies "pleading the fifth?"
Despite pressure from the police, Tom remained silent during questioning
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the Fourteenth Amendment?
Due Process Right to Bear Arms
Today virtually all of our civil liberties as guaranteed in the Bill of Rights have been applied to the States. What legal principle has the Supreme Court used to apply the Bill of Rights to the States?
Due process
Among other things the Bill of Rights protects private property. Yet governments can take private property for "public use" as long as "fair compensation" is given. This Fifth Amendment protection is called
Eminent Domain
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties?
Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment and Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment specifically forbids the states from denying to anyone
Equal protection of the laws
Where in the U.S. Constitution would you find: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."
Fourteenth Amendment
39. Ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court is empowered to interpret what our laws and privileges mean. A number of landmark court cases have defined the meaning of our rights. Which of the following landmark court cases used the incorporation doctrine to extend the right to an attorney in State cases?
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
In this court case the Supreme Court of the United States for the first time applied free speech to the States.
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
The idea that the Constitution guarantees a right to privacy was first enunciated in
Griswold v. Connecticut
Jim Crow laws
Imposed legal segregation on African Americans in the South after the Civil War
The early civil rights movement in the 1950s found its greatest successes
In the courts
The publication of statements know to be false that are malicious and tend to damage a person's reputation is called
Libel
Ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court is empowered to interpret what our laws and privileges mean. A number of landmark court cases have defined the meaning of our rights. Which of the following landmark court cases extended the Second Amendment's right "to bear arms" to the states using the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
The Supreme Court held that any suspect put in custody by authorities must first be informed of their rights in this case:
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
In what case did the Supreme Court rule that a newspaper, no matter how outrageous its opinions, must be allowed to publish without prior restraint?
Near v. Minnesota
Though this case permitted the controversial Pentagon Papers to be printed, the Court recognized that our freedom of the press could be limited by national security.
New York Times v. U.S. (1971)
In the Engel v. Vitale case of 1962, the Supreme Court ruled that ______ was (were) unconstitutional.
Prayers done as classroom exercises in public schools
African-Americans were not the only marginalized groups to win political victories in the wake of the civil rights movement. Title IX of the Education Amendments in 1972
Prohibited any form of discrimination on the basis of gender in educational activities
The Twenty-Fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964
Prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections.
1. The Bill of Rights were added to our U.S. Constitution primarily to
Protect individual liberties and rights
The Selective Incorporation Doctrine shifted responsibility to the national government in a dramatic way. This power grab has resulted in all of the following EXCEPT
State criminal codes were replaced by federal criminal codes
9. All of the following types of protections can be found in the Bill of Rights EXCEPT
Suffrage extensions
In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. These words would be found in the
The Eighth Amendment
In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. These words would be found in the
The First Amendment
In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. These words would be found in the
The Fourth Amendment
The Supreme Court has interpreted which of the following to protect religious beliefs but not necessarily all religious practices?
The Free Exercise Clause
The outcome of Wisconsin v. Yoder rests heavily on which of the following ideas reflected in the U.S. Constitution?
The Free Exercise Clause of the 1st Amendment
In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. These words would be found in the
The Second Amendment
In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. These words would be found in the
The Sixth Amendment
In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. These words would be found in the
The Tenth Amendment
What is the most likely explanation for the trend indicated by the above chart?
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was successfully implemented
Some have called the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment as equivalent to having a second Constitutional convention. Why?
The commerce clause was elevated in its authority over state and local governments
The police entered Tom's apartment without a legal warrant based upon an informant's tip that illegal drugs were present. Drugs were found. At trial the judge agreed with Tom's attorney who claimed the evidence was inadmissible. What legal principle did the judge base her opinion on?
The exclusionary rule
The First Amendment also protects our religious freedom. Not only are we free to exercise the religion of our choice but also the government cannot establish any one religion over the other. The Lemon Test prescribes the rules regarding any apparent cooperation between church and state. All of the following make up the Lemon Test EXCEPT
The government's action cannot involve federal funding
Which of the following is contained in the Fourteenth Amendment and was likely an inspiration for Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"?
The principle that all people should be equal under the law, as embodied in the equal protection clause
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the First Amendment?
The right to burn a flag and obscenity
A political scientist would most likely use McDonald v. Chicago (2010) to illustrate which of the following?
The right to keep and bear arms extends to individuals in each of the 50 states
Based on the graph, how do the majority of people polled feel about abortion?
They believe it should be legal under certain circumstances
Ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court is empowered to interpret what our laws and privileges mean. A number of landmark court cases have defined the meaning of our rights. Which of the following landmark court cases extended our fundamental liberties by equating free speech with symbolic speech?
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
During the Civil War, President Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus and detained thousands of citizens who protested the war. Which of the following statements best illustrates this scenario?
When the public does not support the rights of others, those rights tend to no longer be applied
Two clauses of the First Amendment deal with our religious liberty. They are
free exercise and establishment