Unit 3 AP Psych Review

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy

Sympathetic nervous system(SNS)

Many common antidepressants ease symptoms of depression by?

inhibiting serotonin reuptake, which makes more serotonin avaliable.

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him. Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with Ted's fear response?

Amygdala

The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine

Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following?

Aggression

Activation of the of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A decrease in heart rate

Which of the following is classified as an antagonist?

A tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and nonrepinephrine transporters.

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?

An all-or-none response

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs(hearts).

Autonomic nervous system(ANS)

Regulates breathing while speaking and normal speaking patterns

Broca's Area

Sam has shown some marked changes in the way he is able to communicate after having a stroke. He knows what he wants to say, but his speech is slow and labored. Sam's grammar is also quite poor. The part of Sam's brain that most likely sustained damage is?

Broca's area

brain and spinal cord; the body's decision maker

Central Nervous System

Caffeine and nictotine are in the same class as which of the following drugs?

Cocaine

In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug?

Depressant

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production

Which of the following is reduced during a fight-or-flight response?

Digestion

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

Dopamine

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with schizophrenia?

Dopamine

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data is collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called?

EEG

Which of the following is consistent with arousal of the sympathetic nervous system?

Elevated levels of cortisol

Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?

Endocrine

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?

Epilepsy

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?

Epinephrine

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain area is most likely injured?

Frontal lobe

Form memories

Hippocampus

When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they sis and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories in the?

Hippocampus

Following a mild stroke, Sam ate much more than normal and gained 50 pounds within a year. What part of the brain was most likely damaged?

Hypothalamus

Hunger, thirst, pleasure, sex drive and anger

Hypothalamus

the body's ultimate control and information-processing center

cerebral cortex

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

Increased aggression

neurons within the brain and spinal cord; they communicate internally and process information between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.

Interneurons

Which of the following is true of the reticular activating system?

It regulates levels of arousal

Which of the following areas of the body has the largest number of sensory neurons?

Lips

The brain is NOT involved in initiating action in which of the following situations?

Maureen reflexively pulls her hand away from the fire

neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.

Motor(efferent) neurons

Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis

Ability to see, face recognition, and memorizing

Occipital lobe

the division of the autonomic that calms the body, conserving its energy.

Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

Beth received a hemispherectomy to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical five year old. Which of the following best explains her abilities?

Plasticity

The brain's ability to adapt after it is damaged known as?

Plasticity

Helps control sleep and coordination movement

Pons

What is this brain part's name?

Pons

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through the metabolism of glucose?

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Rudy has chronic trouble staying awake in class. What part of the brain is most likely responsible for Rudy's drowsiness?

Reticular formation

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to waken?

Reticular formation

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for helping?

Riaesha get ready to fight or flee when seeing a bear

If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?

Right parietal lobe

The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotrasmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are?

SSRI's

neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been most associated with major depressive disorder?

Serotonin

What are functions of the thalamus?

Sleeping, waking, and dreaming

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the?

Somatic

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles.

Somatic nervous system

Controls the sensation of touch,pressure, temperature, and pain.

Somatosensory cortex

Hearing and translating memories

Temporal lobe

Split-brain research has illustrated which of the following?

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language in most people.

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as?

The refractory phase

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart race while experiencing anxiety?

The sympathetic nervous system

Controls critical thinking and comprehension

Wernicke's Area

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Wernicke's area

After sustaining a traumatic injury, Russ is having difficulty comprehending the meaning of words. Which of the following parts of his brain has most likely been damaged?

Wernicke's area

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called?

a dendrite

expresses strong emotion, impulses rage and fear

amygdala

An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side of the face and a sudden inability to speak. Using MRI, a doctor would likely find?

an abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere

A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as?

an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter

Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. The drug is an example of an?

antagonist

A polygraph machine is often a "lie detector," although it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in?

autonomic arousal

coordination movement output, balance, enable nonverbal learning and memory

cerebellum

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in?

digesting food

The role of the parasympathetic division of the sympathetic nervous system is to?

establish homeostasis after a fight-or-flight response

develop from separate fertilized eggs. Genetically no closer than ordinary brothers and sisters but share the same womb.

fraternal twins

Controls emotional expressions, problem solving,memory, language,judgement, and arousal

frontal lobe

Support, nourish, and protect the neurons of the brain

glia cells

The pituitary gland is controlled by the?

hypothalamus

develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms

identical twins

For most people, speech functions are primarily located in the?

left cerebral hemisphere

The network of structures involved emotion, motivation, and memory is the?

limbic system

emotions and drives

limbic system

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the?

medulla

controls heartbeat and breathing

medulla

Directs the body to move

motor cortex

Dopamine, nonrepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all?

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse.

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for?

pairs of identical twins are greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

Manages taste, hearing, sight,touch, smell, and integration

parietal lobe

controls arousal

reticular formation

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called?

reuptake

An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the?

right visual cortex

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the?

sympathetic nervous system

directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla(control center)

thalamus

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is?

the myelin sheath

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe most likely result in a?

visual deficit

The painful experience associated with termination of the use of an addictive substance known as?

withdrawal