Unit 3: ch.11, 10

20 to 30 degrees

at what degree of knee flexion is the patella most likely to dislocate?

full extension

one positive sign for the dynamic posterior shift test is a "clunk" or "jerk" as the knee approaches what position?

vastus medialis

what muscle is responsible for preventing lateral patellar subluxation?

gracilis, sartorius, semitendinosus

what muscles are included in the pes anserine group?

L3-S2

what nerve roots lead to innervation of the knee?

tension

which force is the most disruptive to the collateral knee ligaments?

Gerdy's tubercle

on what bony structure does the iliotibial band insert?

anterior

patellofemoral pain syndrome typically presents with pain in what area of the knee?

what is NOT true when considering Q angle?

the Q angle is the relationship between the long axis of the patella and the tibial tuberosity

coronary

the menisci are attached to the tibia at their peripheries by what ligaments?

backward running

what activities would be the most difficult if the PCL was torn?

loss of knee extension

what can occur following ACL surgery?

"when i walk up and down stairs, my kneecap feels like it is grinding"

what comment may lead you to think the patient is suffering from chondromalacia?

lateral retinaculum

what helps to maintain the patella's position and originates off the vastus lateralis tendon and the iliotibial (IT) band?

IT band friction syndrome

what injury is assessed using the noble compression test?

patellar subluxation or dislocation

what injury is indicated by a positive apprehension test?

knee effusion

what is indicated by a ballottable patella?

osgood-schlatter disease

what is indicated by an enlargement of the tibial tuberosity?

levels of anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

what is most reliable in determining who will have patellofemoral pain?

patella alta

what is the name for a high-riding patella indicated by what appears to be a "camel's hump" on the knee?

anterior superior iliac spine pes anserine tendon

what is the origin and insertion of the sartorius?

posterior cruciate ligament

what is the strongest ligament of the knee and the primary stabilizer?

LCL

what ligament can be palpated easily by placing the knee in 90 degrees of flexion and externally rotating and abducting the hip?

genu varum

what lower-extremity postures places an increased compressive force on the lateral patellar facets?

genu recurvatum

what malalignment causes a hypermobile patella?

Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease

what occurs at the insertion of the patellar tendon into the inferior pole and is caused by a stress fracture or avulsion due to repetitive forces?

patella baja

what patellar malalignment results in increased patellar mobility, decreased quadriceps strength, and increased patellofemoral compressive forces? which patellar alignment problem would an athlete have with a congenitally short patellar tendon?

"frog-eyed" patella

what patellar malalignments results in increased patellar glide, a tight lateral retinaculum, and patellar maltracking?

"i changed shoes about 3 weeks ago"

what pieces of information may make you suspect patellofemoral pain syndrome?

neutral position

what position should the tibia be placed in for the McMurray test for meniscal lesions?

tight hamstrings

what would increase the patellofemoral joint force?

Lachman test

when compared to the gold standard of arthroscopy, which test combines sensitivity and specificity, making it the best examination technique for detecting whether or not an ACL sprain is present?

pain when kneeling

when differentiating between meniscal and patellar pain, which characteristic is more indicative of patellar pain?

as the knee moves from flexion into extension, the patella glides superiorly and tracks slightly laterally

when discussing patellar movement, what best describes the J sign?

10 to 20 degrees

when does the patella become seated within the groove as the knee moves from flexion into extension in an open chain?

15 degrees

when performing a patellar tilt assessment, a patella that tilts more than ____ is considered hypermobile

60 to 45 degrees

when performing the test for medial synovial plica, over what range will the examiner be more likely to feel the plica?

inside the joint capsule

where does the sweep test assess for swelling?

suprapatellar bursa

which bursa lies deep at the distal end of the quadriceps femoris muscle group and is an extension of the knee's joint capsule?

posterolateral

which part of the joint capsule is supported by the arcuate ligament?

Ober test

which test can be completed to assess tension of the iliotibial band?

valgus stress test

which test would be appropriate to perform in an on-field situation?

medial

with the knee extended, which direction should a patella be moved in order to palpate the odd facet?

10 degrees

with the patient short sitting, observe the relationship between the tibial tuberosity and the inferior patellar pole. if the angle is more than ____, the person is susceptible to lateral tracking

what techniques measure the Q angle?

Proximal angle: ASIS Axis: midpoint of patella Distal arm: tibial tuberosity

PCL

a posterior sag typically indicates injury to what ligament?

patellar tendon rupture

an athlete goes down on the field and you run out to evaluate her. she states that her knee is hurting. you know the athlete has received three cortisone injections in the last 6 months. which injury may you initially suspect given this information?

frog-eyed patella

an athlete presents to the athletic training room complaining of knee pain. upon evaluation you notice the athlete's patella is high riding and sitting laterally. what patellar alignment problem does the athlete have?

flexion

an athlete with a dislocated patella will present with the knee in what position?

30

at what degree of knee flexion does the IT band shift behind the lateral femoral epicondyle, giving it a knee flexor angle of pull?

45 degrees of flexion

at which position should the knee be placed in order to palpate the menisci?

Thessaly test

based on the evidence, which is the best clinical test when assessing for a meniscal tear?

the Lachman test is useful for ruling in an ACL sprain

based on the evidence, which statement best describes the clinical usefulness of the Lachman test?

30 degrees

by what degree of knee flexion is the patella firmly seated in the trochlear groove?

18 degrees

during open-chain knee movement, at what degree does the patella begin to track laterally when moving from flexion into extension?

0 to 30 degrees of extension

during open-chained exercise, at what range of motion (ROM) is the strain on the ACL the greatest?

popliteus

during the screw-home mechanism, the tibia externally rotates on the femur. what muscle is responsible for "unscrewing" the tibia?

neurologically inhibits the vastus medialis oblique

if a knee effusion is present, what effect does it have on patellar tracking?

increases lateral force

in a weight-bearing situation, excessive foot pronation will increase internal rotation of both the hip and the femur, resulting in what effect on the patella?

25 degrees

in approximately how many degrees of flexion should the knee be placed to isolate the MCL for the valgus stress test?

medial/lateral patellar glide

in what patellar orientation is the patella positioned in the frontal plane, which is considered a deviation from the patella being centered between the medial and lateral condyles?

90 degrees of knee flexion

in what position should the knee be placed when performing the anterior drawer test?

Lateral Collateral Ligament

injury to what would cause edema instead of effusion?

it decreases it

internal rotation of the tibia has what effect on Q angle?