Unit 3 Chapter 22 Practice

A) Fidelity B) Beneficence C) Non-Maleficence D) Respect for Autonomy Answer: B

A child's immunization may cause discomfort during administration, but the benefits of protection from disease, both for the individual and society, outweigh the temporary discomforts. Which principle is involved in this situation?

A) Consult a professional ethicist to ensure that the steps of the process occur in full B) Gather all relevant information regarding the clinical, social, and spiritual aspects of the dilemma C) Ensure that the attending physician or health care provider has written an order for an ethics consultation to support the ethics process D) List the ethical principles that inform the dilemma so negotiations agree on the language of the discussion Answer: B

Ethical dilemmas often arise over a conflict of opinion. What is the critical first step in negotiating the difference of opinion?

A) Nurses understand the principle of autonomy to guide respect for patient's self-worth B) Nurses have a scope of practice that encourages their presence during ethical discussions C) Nurses develop a relationship to the patient that is unique among all professional health care providers D) The nurse's code of ethics recommends that a nurse be present at any ethical discussion about patient care Answer: C

In most ethical dilemmas in health care, the solution to the dilemma requires negotiation among members of the health care team. Why is the nurse's point of view valuable?

A) To articulate his or her unique point of view, including knowledge based on clinical and psychosocial observations B) To await new clinical orders from the physician C) To limit discussions about ethical principals D) To allow the patient and the physician to resolve the dilemma without regard to personally held values or opinions regarding the ethical issues Answer: A

Resolution of an ethical dilemma involves discussion with the patient, the patient's family, and participants from all health care disciplines. Which of the following describes the role of the nurse in the resolution of ethical dilemmas?

A) The value of something is determined by its usefulness to society B) People's values are determined by religious leaders C) The decision to perform a liver transplant depends on a measure of the moral life that the patient has led so far D) The best way to determine the solution to an ethical dilemma is to refer the case to the attending physician or health care provider. Answer: A

Successful ethical discussion depends on people who has a clear sense of personal values. When a group of people share many of the same values, it may be possible to refer for guidance to philosophical principle of utilitarianism. This philosophy proposes which of the following?

A) Yes because patient privacy would not be violated as long as the patient identifiers were removed B) Yes because respect for autonomy implies that you have the autonomy to decide what constitutes privacy C) No because, even though patient identifiers are removed, someone could identify the patient based on other comments that you make online about his or her condition and your place of work D) No because the principle of justice requires you to allocate resources fairly Answer: C

The ANA code of nursing ethics articulates that the nurse "promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health , safety, and rights of the patient." This includes the protection of patient privacy. On the basis of this principle, if you participate in a public online social network such as Facebook, could you post images of a patient's x-ray film if you deleted all patient identifiers?

A) Accountability because you as the nurse are accountable for the well-being of this patient B) Respect for autonomy because this patient autonomy will be violated if he does not receive the liver transplant C) Ethics of care because the caring thing that a nurse could provide this patient is resources for liver transplant D) Justice because the first and greatest question in this situation is how to determine the just distribution of resources Answer: D

The patient for whom you are caring needs a liver transplant to survive. This patient has been out of work for several months and doesn't have health insurance or enough cash. What principle would be a priority in a discussion about ethics?

A) Patients B) Relationships C) Ethical principles D) Code of ethics for nurses Answer: B

The philosophy sometimes called the ethics of care suggests that ethical dilemmas can best be solved by attention to which of the following?

A) Beneficence B) Accountability C) Non-Maleficence D) Respect for Autonomy Answer: C

The point of the ethical principles to "do no harm" is an agreement to reassure the public that in all ways the health care team not only works to heal patients but agree to do this in the least painful and harmful way possible. Which principle describes this agreement?

A) Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting procedural situations B) Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a timely manner C) Work to understand the law as it applies to an error in following standards of care D) Assess the patient's point of view and prepare to articulate it Answer: D

What is the best example of the nurse practicing patient advocacy?

A) Fidelity B) Beneficence C) Non-Maleficence D) Respect for Autonomy Answer: A

When a nurse assesses a patient for pain and offers a plan to manage the pain, which principle is used to encourage the nurse to monitor the patient's response to the pain?

A) Yes because ethics is essentially a democratic process, with all participate sharing an equal voice B) No because an ethical dilemma involves the resolution of conflicting values and principle rather than simply the identification of what people want to do C) Yes because ethical dilemmas otherwise take up time and energy that is better spent at the bedside performing direct patient care D) No because most ethical dilemmas are resolved by deferring to the medical director of the ethics department Answer: B

When an ethical dilemma occurs on your unit, can you resolve the dilemma by taking a vote?

A) Ethical issues arise between dissenting providers and can be best resolved by deference to an independent arbitrator such as chaplain B) Since ethical issues usually affect policy and procedure, a legal expert is the best consultant to help resolve disputes C) Institutional ethics committees help to ensure that all participants involved in the ethical dilemma get a fair hearing and an opportunity to express values, feelings, and opinions as a way to find consensus D) Medical experts are best able to resolve conflicts about outcome predictions Answer: C

Which is the best method of negotiating or processing difficult ethical situations?

A) Access to care is an issue of beneficence, a fundamental principle in health care ethics B) Reforms promote the principle of beneficence, a hallmark of health care ethics C) Purchasing heath care insurance many become an obligation rather than choice, a potential conflict between autonomy and beneficence D) Lack of access to affordable health care causes harm, and non-maleficence is a basic principle of health care ethics Answer: C

Which of the follow explain how health care reform is an ethical issue?