Unit 3 Government Study Guide

Which of these statements best describes double jeopardy? A citizen cannot be indicted before being tried for a serious crime. A citizen cannot be forced to testify to a crime. A citizen cannot be forced to testify for more than one day in court. A citizen cannot be tried twice for the same crime.

A citizen cannot be tried twice for the same crime.

Which scenario is allowed under the free-exercise clause? A parent leads a prayer in a public park. A teacher gives out crosses at school. A doctor charges religious patients less money. A worker places a menorah in the lobby at city hall

A parent leads a prayer in a public park.

When the Supreme Court rules on a case, how many "agree" votes are needed to reach a verdict? The Chief Justice's opinion is the verdict. A simple majority is needed. A 2/3 majority is needed. All nine justices must agree.

A simple majority is needed.

Which of these statements describes a Fourth Amendment protection? A warrant based on probable cause is required. All citizens must receive due process. Citizens are protected against self-incrimination. Search and seizure can only be conducted when the suspect is present.

A warrant based on probable cause is required.

How did the verdict in Brown v. Board of Education relate to the verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson? It upheld the earlier decision about segregation. It set a new legal precedent on the issue of segregation. It cemented the idea that separate was not synonymous to segregation. It proved educational facilities were subject to partial segregation.

It set a new legal precedent on the issue of segregation.

What was the social impact of the decision in Brown v. Board of Education? It increased support for segregation by business owners. It strengthened the growing civil rights movement. It reduced interest in public protest relating to civil rights issues. It generated interest in the link between grades and emotions.

It strengthened the growing civil rights movement.

How did Regents v. Bakke change affirmative action policies? It struck down the use of strict racial quotas. It ruled race could not be factored into admissions. It limited diversity and inequality in the workplace. It changed the way applications could be written.

It struck down the use of strict racial quotas.

A school district in California held its graduation at a local church. Which statement best explains whether this action violated the establishment clause, and why? It violated the establishment clause because it held a school function at a denominational church, which demonstrates support for a specific religion. It violated the establishment clause because the school needs to show support for all religions and have events at a variety of local religious locations. It did not violate the establishment clause because the school was not promoting religion, the location was. It did not violate the establishment clause because the school does not force people to attend graduation.

It violated the establishment clause because it held a school function at a denominational church, which demonstrates support for a specific religion.

When Chief Justice Earl Warren stated, "A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn," what was he essentially stating? Children often struggle with wanting to study. Learning is difficult if a child is not inspired. Low self-esteem can have a negative impact on grades. Students who feel inferior often spend more time alone.

Low self-esteem can have a negative impact on grades.

Read the excerpt from a court of appeals ruling on the Stolen Valor Act. The Stolen Valor Act is not only unnecessary; it also sets a dangerous precedent. If future acts follow the same principles, the government may forbid speech solely because it is a lie, even if that lie does not create damage. Based on that opinion, which scenario could be punishable by law? Ms. Jones turning in Ms. Smith for stealing Ms. Jones telling her friends that she was president of the United States Ms. Jones refusing to stand during the singing of the United States' national anthem. Ms. Jones arguing with her friend in public

Ms. Jones telling her friends that she was president of the United States

Read the following amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Which amendment is this? Fifteenth Nineteenth Twenty-first Twenty-sixth

Nineteenth

Read the following amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Which amendment is this? Fifteenth Nineteenth Twenty-first Twenty-sixth

Nineteenth

In 1868, what was the most important reason to include the equal protection clause in the Fourteenth Amendment? Women's rights activists wanted equal protection. African Americans were not protected under the law. Southern whites were not protected under the law. Immigrants wanted equal protection.

African Americans were not protected under the law.

How are the Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade cases similar? Both were based on the Fifth Amendment. Both were decided by the same justices. Both were challenging enumerated rights. Both challenged the constitutionality of state laws.

Both challenged the constitutionality of state laws.

Which government agency analyzed data to ensure African-Americans were receiving fair treatment at the polls? NAACP Census Bureau Voting Rights Department Justice Bureau

Census Bureau

__________ are the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights that cannot be taken away by law.

Civil liberties

What was the impact of the Griswold v. Connecticut ruling? Couples were required to keep marriage vows private. Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private. Couples were expected to obey state law regarding marriage. Couples were encouraged to regard their marriage as sacred.

Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private.

Which statement best describes the precedent set by the Supreme Court in New York Times v. United States regarding government censorship? Government censorship is fine if there is a good reason. Government censorship is almost always unconstitutional. Government censorship must further national interests. Government censorship does not apply to opinions.

Government censorship is almost always unconstitutional.

Read the scenario. It is Election Day. Group X appears at the polls, but each member of that group is turned away and not allowed to vote. Group Z appears as well; group Z's members are allowed to vote as long as they brought a utility bill validating their address. What has happened to each group? Group X has had its voting rights abridged; group Z has had its rights denied. Group X has had its voting rights abridged; group Z has had its rights ignored. Group X has had its voting rights ignored; group Z has had its rights denied. Group X has had its voting rights denied; group Z has had its rights abridged.

Group X has had its voting rights denied; group Z has had its rights abridged.

In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), why did Ernesto Miranda say his Fifth Amendment rights had been violated? He had been stopped and searched without a judge issuing a proper warrant. He had been tried for serious crimes without a grand jury issuing an indictment. He had confessed to crimes without being reminded of his right to avoid self-incrimination. He had been jailed without being informed of the charges against him.

He had confessed to crimes without being reminded of his right to avoid self-incrimination.

What idea was the decision in Griswold v. Connecticut based upon? If the Constitution forbids self-incrimination, husbands and wives should not be forced to testify against each other. The Constitution cannot possibly include all rights, so judges can create new ones based on what the founders must have been thinking. If the Constitution forbids unreasonable searches, there must be a reasonable right to privacy. The Constitution does not meet everyone's needs, so citizens can disregard laws when they think the government is violating their rights.

If the Constitution forbids unreasonable searches, there must be a reasonable right to privacy.

How did the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson affect the legalities of segregation? It set "separate but equal" as a legal precedent. It implemented desegregation legislation. It determined that separation based on race can never be equal. It discouraged people from continued protests.

It set "separate but equal" as a legal precedent.

What is true of a secular activity? It is compatible with all religious traditions. It is separate from all religious traditions. It is specific to Christian religious traditions. It is specific to Puritan religious traditions.

It is separate from all religious traditions.

Why was freedom of religion added to the First Amendment? The colonists wanted prayer taken out of schools. The colonists suffered unfair treatment for their religious beliefs in the past. The colonists wanted Catholicism to be the country's main religion. The colonists thought the government should have religious control.

The colonists suffered unfair treatment for their religious beliefs in the past.

According to the establishment clause, how would displaying a "Happy Holidays" sign in class be viewed? The display violates the clause because it celebrates Christianity. The display does not violate the clause because it is secular. The display does not violate the clause because it is store-bought. The display violates the clause because holidays are forbidden in schools.

The display does not violate the clause because it is secular.

What is the difference between the establishment clause and the free-exercise clause? The establishment clause stops the government from favoring a religion while the free exercise clause allows people to express their religion. The establishment clause allows the government to favor a religion and the free exercise clause allows people to express their religion. The establishment clause stops the government from favoring a religion and the free exercise clause stops people from expressing their religious beliefs. The establishment clause allows the government to favor a religion and the free exercise clause stops people from being able to express their beliefs.

The establishment clause stops the government from favoring a religion while the free exercise clause allows people to express their religion.

Following the decision in the Gideon v. Wainwright case, what happens to accused persons who cannot afford to pay an attorney to represent them? They remain in jail until they can raise the money. They are freed from jail, and their cases are dismissed. They are assigned an attorney by the court. They are found guilty without trial.

They are assigned an attorney by the court.

Which piece of legislation increased the number of demographics eligible to vote by decreasing the required voting age to 18? Fifteenth Amendment Twenty-sixth Amendment Nineteenth Amendment Voting Rights Act

Twenty-sixth Amendment

Which best describes how unenumerated rights differ from procedural and substantive rights? Unenumerated rights apply only to the states. Unenumerated rights are not listed in the Bill of Rights. Unenumerated rights can never be defined. Unenumerated rights combine procedural and substantive rights.

Unenumerated rights are not listed in the Bill of Rights.

Which best describes how unenumerated rights differ from procedural and substantive rights? Unenumerated rights apply only to the states. Unenumerated rights are not listed in the Constitution. Unenumerated rights cannot ever be defined. Unenumerated rights combine procedural and substantive rights.

Unenumerated rights are not listed in the Constitution.

What is a landmark case? a case that is based on a dispute over land a case that is based on a previous court's decision. a case that sets a precedent for future court decisions a case that has been overturned from a previous court.

a case that sets a precedent for future court decisions

All persons have the right to be represented by counsel, also known as a judge. a jury. a lawyer. a friend.

a lawyer.

What is the Bill of Rights? a list of reasons supporting ratification of the Constitution a list of the civil liberties and rights of citizens of the United States a list of the fundamental rights held by the government a list of demands from the American colonies for independence

a list of the civil liberties and rights of citizens of the United States

What does the term "mandate" mean in terms of civil rights and liberties? a requirement a proposition a choice a privilege

a requirement

What is symbolic speech? an action that expresses an idea or opinion the act of peaceful protest the publication of an article despite prior restraint an idea or opinion expressed through comparison to something else

an action that expresses an idea or opinion

A right is unenumerated if it is listed in the Constitution. interpreted by the Supreme Court. assumed to be a fundamental right. written as law by a state or federal agency.

assumed to be a fundamental right.

In order to extend the civil rights of slaves after the Civil War, the United States banned slavery with the Fourteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Thirteenth Amendment. banned slavery with the Fifteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Thirteenth Amendment. banned slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Fourteenth Amendment. banned slavery with the Fourteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Fifteenth Amendment.

banned slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment and created new protections with the Fourteenth Amendment.

A key element of the Fourth Amendment is that searches and seizures must be conducted only if a serious crime has been committed. with compassion and support. using a practical and organized method. based on reasonable belief that a crime has been committed.

based on reasonable belief that a crime has been committed.

If the government wants to take land to build a highway, the Fifth Amendment says that the affected property owners must be compensated for the land. be imprisoned if they object. defend their land rights in court. surrender the land as part of their patriotic duty.

be compensated for the land.

Why was the Supreme Court's ruling important in Gitlow v. New York? because it used the equal protection law to interpret the issue of incorporation because it used the due process law to interpret the issue of incorporation because the Supreme Court believed Gitlow was guilty because the Supreme Court believed Gitlow was innocent

because it used the due process law to interpret the issue of incorporation

Why were some framers in favor of incorporating the Bill of Rights? because then the Bill of Rights would cover both state and federal law because then the Bill of Rights would protect both citizens and noncitizens because then the framers would only have to follow the federal laws because then the framers would only have to follow their state's laws

because then the Bill of Rights would cover both state and federal law

Which action would be the least likely to be considered protected speech or a protected action? talking loudly on a cell phone during a movie walking against the light to protest getting a parking ticket banning a private firm's employees from wearing political t-shirts at work burning a fire in a public park as a political protest

burning a fire in a public park as a political protest

The basic freedoms that are guaranteed to Americans by the Constitution are called civil liberties. rights of the accused. checks and balances. Miranda rights.

civil liberties.

Which type of rights ensure equal treatment under the law? substantive rights procedural rights unenumerated rights civil rights

civil rights

What impact was affirmative action designed to have? creating quotas for minority admissions or hiring establishing multiple African American colleges requiring companies to only hire female executives mandating that universities eliminate all scholarship programs

creating quotas for minority admissions or hiring

In Furman v. Georgia (1972), William Furman claimed his sentence was appropriate. overly lenient. cruel and unusual. accidental.

cruel and unusual.

A man is sentenced to five years in prison for walking across his neighbor's lawn. In this example, we can say that the punishment is disproportionate to the crime. appropriate to the crime. not severe enough for the crime. along the lines of what the Founders had in mind.

disproportionate to the crime.

A Supreme Court justice who does not support the Court's verdict may write a precedent. dissent. majority opinion. legal brief.

dissent.

What is the correct definition of suffrage? suffering through segregation gaining civil rights earning voting privileges facing gender discrimination

earning voting privelages

Which action would be considered an act of civil disobedience? rioting, which causes damage to private and government property engaging in a sit-in, in which African Americans stay at a segregated business looting, which results in the theft of property from private businesses boycotting, in which people choose not to purchase goods from businesses

engaging in a sit-in, in which African Americans stay at a segregated business

Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall [take away] the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. This Fourteenth Amendment clause is about equal protection under the law. the right of citizenship. due process under the law. states' rights to enforce laws.

equal protection under the law.

Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall [take away] the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. This Fourteenth Amendment clause is about equal protection under the law. the right of citizenship. due process under the law. states' rights to enforce laws.

equal protection under the law.

In Furman v. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court ruled in William Furman's favor, saying that Georgia had denied Furman the right to be represented by counsel. violated Furman's right to a quick and speedy trial. established unclear standards for applying the death penalty. exceeded the annual quota of death penalties it could impose.

established unclear standards for applying the death penalty.

A principal who leads a prayer at a graduation violates the First Amendment's establishment clause. freedom of religion clause. free-exercise clause. lemon test clause.

establishment clause.

Which action would be protected by the Ninth Amendment? refusing to pay sales tax on an automobile purchase insisting on assembling with others at a city council meeting creating a personal page on a social media site to share content explaining medical problems to a personal physician in confidence

explaining medical problems to a personal physician in confidence

Edwards v. South Carolina protected people's right to assemble and attempt to stop something from being printed. display unpopular views in a disruptive way. express unpopular views in a peaceful way. protest against something on private property.

express unpopular views in a peaceful way

Read the excerpt from the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. At the time it was written, this clause originally applied to state law only. federal law only. state and federal law. local, state, and federal law.

federal law only.

To become a citizen of the United States, a person must have been born in the United States. have been born or naturalized in the United States. have learned to speak English. have cousins who are citizens of the United States.

have been born in the United States.

After Frank Palko was sentenced to death by the state of Connecticut, the Supreme Court ruled that his conviction and execution should be upheld. the case should be thrown out for lack of evidence. his sentence should be reduced. he was the victim of double jeopardy.

his conviction and execution should be upheld.

Under what circumstances would the protest of the students in Tinker v. Des Moines be deemed unprotected speech? if their action had clearly threatened order and safety if their action had supported an unpopular opinion if their action had not been political if their action had promoted an artistic endeavor

if their action had clearly threatened order and safety

The Sixth Amendment states that someone accused of a crime must go to trial wherever a jury thinks best. in a state and area different from where the crime took place. wherever the person accused of the crime chooses. in the state and area where the crime took place.

in the state and area where the crime took place.

The Fourth Amendment states that a reasonable search and seizure must include a warrant and be based on an indictment. include a warrant and be based on probable cause. be based on probable cause and include due process. be based on probable cause and include a Miranda warning.

include a warrant and be based on probable cause.

What were affirmative action programs originally designed to encourage? increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses beginning the process of desegregation in schools establishing complete equality in admissions and hiring practices ending separation based on race in housing

increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses

The Fourth Amendment implies privacy because it protects the right to own property. to have personal items. to be secure in one's home. to make one's own decisions.

to be secure in one's home.

Why did the Supreme Court expand the incorporation of the Bill of Rights? to ensure they always had the last word to ensure equal treatment for all citizens to ensure all naturalized people could be citizens to ensure all legal cases came before the Court

to ensure equal treatment for all citizens

According to the preamble to the Bill of Rights, what is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? to guarantee everyone's rights to stop people from depriving others of their rights to ensure equal rights for all to prevent the government from abusing people's rights

to prevent the government from abusing people's rights

What is the purpose of the establishment clause? to give citizens the right to form religious groups to stop government from supporting one religion to give government power to choose a state religion to stop citizens from practicing religion in public

to stop government from supporting one religion

Which of the following did the Civil Rights Act accomplish? It ended public segregation. It ended poll taxes. It ended voter literacy tests. It ended gender discrimination.

it ended public segregation

The publication of false and damaging information about a person is referred to as libel. civil disobedience. an infringement. symbolic speech.

libel

Knowingly making a false statement in print about someone else is known as defamation. libel. malice. intent.

libel.

The Voting Rights Act ended poll taxes. literacy tests. voter segregation. gender discrimination.

literacy tests.

What did the Stolen Valor Act attempt to prohibit? lying about military service lying about crimes committed during service lying about receiving a military medal of honor lying about being honorably discharged from the military

lying about receiving a military medal of honor

Which part of a court ruling will be cited as precedent in future cases? dissent majority opinion verdict legal brief

majority opinion

The enforcement clause of the Fourteenth Amendment states that Congress has the authority to grant citizenship to people. change the Constitution. enforce only the Bill of Rights. make laws to apply the amendment.

make laws to apply the amendment.

The Supreme Court's decisions in Terry v. Ohio (1967) and Horton v. California (1990) both held that the police may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant. must never, even with reasonable cause, carry out a stop and frisk. must always have a warrant to seize evidence, even if it is in plain view. may never violate the Fourth Amendment protections concerning searches and seizures.

may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant

In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court ruled that Gideon had been denied his rights because he had hired an expensive lawyer he could not afford. not been provided an attorney when he could not afford one. paid bail he could not afford. been questioned without having his Miranda warning read.

not been provided an attorney when he could not afford one.

If a person has a right that is stated in the Constitution, that person has only those limited rights. other rights that are not mentioned. more rights than the average person. some rights that should be confirmed by law.

other rights that are not mentioned.

After the Civil War, the federal government began to extend civil rights to African Americans by passing amendments to the Constitution. signing the Emancipation Proclamation. paying reparations to them. helping them move to the Northern states.

passing amendments to the Constitution.

Following the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, states attempted to limit voting rights of African Americans through registration quotas. state constitutions. poll taxes and literacy tests. blood tests and genealogy.

poll taxes and literacy tests.

Which scenario might have taken place at a southern state polling center in the wake of the Fifteenth Amendment being ratified? poll workers requiring voters to show a pay stub proving employment poll workers asking voters to prove home ownership poll workers having voters read aloud before voting to prove they could read poll workers creating separate lines for voters based on race

poll workers having voters read aloud before voting to prove they could read

Which issue was at the heart of New York Times v. United States? libel symbolic speech civil disobedience prior restraint

prior restraint

In Regents v. Bakke, the Supreme Court struck down the use of racial __________as a way to reduce inequality in schools or workplaces.

quotas

The Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed a person's right to vote regardless of age. gender. race. education.

race

The First Amendment guarantees due process of law. religious freedom. the right to a fair trial. the right to bear arms.

religious freedom.

What was Clarence Gideon forced to do during his burglary trial? represent himself flee the state remain silent declare his guilt

represent himself

Edwards v. South Carolina is significant because it limited states' ability to protect protestors. restrict the freedom of assembly. convict criminals. restrict the freedom of the press.

restrict the freedom of assembly.

Which is a procedural right protected by the Bill of Rights? right to bear arms freedom of speech right to call witnesses freedom of assembly

right to call witnesses

The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution protects citizens' _____________ rights. Miranda voting property search and seizure

search and seizure

The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution protects citizens'______ rights.

search and seizure

The practice of selective incorporation means that the Bill of Rights will always be applied to the states by the court. never be applied to the states by the court. sometimes be applied to the court by the states. sometimes be applied to the states by the court.

sometimes be applied to the states by the court.

Which example violates the free-exercise Clause? allowing a private company to run weekly prayer sessions allowing a student to wear religious clothing stopping a religious group from praying in a city park stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith

stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith

Which of these actions best illustrates a judge using precedent? reviewing the facts of a case before ruling formulating an opinion on the guilt of the defendant studying past cases for similarities to the current case writing an opinion brief

studying past cases for similarities to the current case

Which type of rights are fundamental and belong to all citizens? substantive rights procedural rights unenumerated rights civil rights

substantive rights

Which amendment resulted in the incorporation of the Bill of Rights? the First Amendment the Fifth Amendment the Fifteenth Amendment the Fourteenth Amendment

the Fourteenth Amendment

If the police arrive at Larry's office without probable cause or a warrant and demand to search the premises, which amendment protects him from this type of search? the Fourth Amendment the Fifth Amendment the Sixth Amendment the Eighth Amendment

the Fourth Amendment

Which amendment best addresses the fears of Federalists like James Madison, that rights and powers not specifically listed in the Constitution or Bill of Rights will not be protected in the future? the First Amendment the Fourth Amendment the Tenth Amendment the Ninth Amendment

the Ninth Amendment

Which amendment protects unenumerated rights such as voting rights? the First Amendment the Fourth Amendment the Fifth Amendment the Ninth Amendment

the Ninth Amendment

Through which clause did state governments become bound by the Bill of Rights? the citizenship clause the equal protection clause the due process clause the enforcement clause

the due process clause

The establishment clause would prevent a church from being built in a Jewish area the mayor's office from displaying a cross a citizen from placing a religious scene in a business the president from having a Christmas party at home

the mayor's office from displaying a cross

The First Amendment's free-exercise clause gives the government the right to promote specific religions and faiths. the people the right to set up religious displays on public property. the government the right to create a national religion for all people. the people the right to choose their own set of religious beliefs.

the people the right to choose their own set of religious beliefs.

What does the First Amendment's right to assemble refer to? the right of a group to express unpopular opinions the right of a group to make false claims the right of a group to meet in groups the right of a group to speak in protest

the right of a group to meet in groups

Which privacy right is protected by Supreme Court decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade? the right to life the right to enjoy life the right to be left alone the right to share ideas

the right to be left alone

Which is a grand jury right? the right to the same treatment and rules that all citizens receive the right to avoid confessing to a crime the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime the right to avoid being tried twice for the same crime

the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime

Which right is implied by the Second Amendment's right to bear arms? the right to own property the right to defend one's honor the right to form a well-regulated militia the right to protect oneself

the right to protect oneself

The Stolen Valor Act dealt with lies that were told about others. oneself. the government. the court.

oneself.

How did the Supreme Court rule in the Miranda decision? Ernesto Miranda was found guilty on all counts. Ernesto Miranda had been denied his rights. Ernesto Miranda could not be tried twice for the same crime. Ernesto Miranda did not have the right to avoid self-incrimination.

Ernesto Miranda had been denied his rights.

Which best describes why some people such as James Madison thought that the Bill of Rights was unnecessary? Rights that were not listed would be unprotected. Natural rights could not be quantified. The Bill of Rights interfered with state laws. There was no flexibility in the stated rights.

Rights that were not listed would be unprotected.

In the American colonies, which document called for religious freedom and helped to create aspects fo the First Amendment? The Mayflower Compact The US Constitution The Bill of Rights The Virginia Declaration of Rights

The Virginia Declaration of Rights

What does the Eighth Amendment prohibit? lengthy trials search warrants cruel and unusual punishment impartial juries

cruel and unusual punishment

A student is praying alone in his public school cafeteria before lunch. This activity is acceptable according to the establishment clause because prayer is not allowed in government places. other students might feel pressured to pray. the school is not asking the student to pray. daily prayer is held at some public schools.

the school is not asking the student to pray.

Read the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed . . . and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have [the opportunity] for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense. What part of the Sixth Amendment suggests that accused persons will be able to hear the charges against them? "the right to a speedy and public trial" "confronted with the witnesses against him" "informed of the nature and cause of the accusation" "have the Assistance of Counsel"

"informed of the nature and cause of the accusation"

Why was Homer Plessy arrested? He said his rights had been violated. He was clearly of mixed heritage. He refused to give his seat to a white person. He sat down in a train's whites-only car.

He sat down in a train's whites-only car.

Accused persons have the right to request a witness to appear in court. testify untruthfully. go into hiding. refuse to testify.

appear in court.

Which best explains the purpose of the Ninth Amendment? to ensure individual freedoms to promote independent choices to protect personal properties to define specific personal rights

to ensure individual freedoms

When was the Voting Rights Act passed? 1920 1964 1965 1971

1965

In the American colonies, which document called for religious freedom and helped to create aspects to the First Amendment? The Mayflower Compact The US Constitution The Bill of Rights The Virginia Declaration of Rights

The Virginia Declaration of Rights

If Chris is on trial and does not want to testify in court, which amendment protects her from testifying? the Fourth Amendment the Fifth Amendment the Sixth Amendment the Eighth Amendment

The fifth amendment

In Engel v. Vitale, why did the courts rule that prayer in schools was unconstitutional? The prayer took time away from instruction. The prayer was considered a religious activity. The prayer promoted one religion. The prayer was required in the school.

The prayer was considered a religious activity.

Courts that use a landmark case as precedent for a decision are using an earlier case as a guide. changing the previous case's decision. using a third party to review the case. sending the case to a higher court for review.

using an earlier case as a

Freedom of speech can be limited or restricted in cases involving_______

wartime actions

Which group has the lowest voter-participation rate? African Americans young adults women military personnel

young adults

For most of the 1900s, the legal voting age was 16 18 21 24

21

Which group was most affected by the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment? African Americans African American males of voting age African American females African Americans of voting age

African American males of voting age

Which shows how Supreme Court rulings have modified the Fifth Amendment? Officers may create different sets of rules to apply to groups of citizens as they please. Officers must inform people of their rights before questioning them in custody. Officers can pressure a person to confess to a crime. Officers can inform suspects of their rights at any point in the questioning process.

Officers must inform people of their rights before questioning them in custody.

What factor do Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, and Regents of California v. Bakke have in common? All three cases improved civil rights for minorities. All three cases went to the Supreme Court for ruling. All three cases ruled in favor of the individual. All three cases took place in the twentieth century.

All three cases went to the Supreme Court for ruling.

What is the benefit of having legislation ratified in the form of an amendment? An amendment is part of the US Constitution, and superior over other acts. An amendment is quicker to pass than an act. An amendment can be changed if society shifts in the future. An amendment automatically triggers lawsuits if it is ignored.

An amendment is part of the US Constitution, and superior over other acts.

Which event must take place first in order for the appeals process to take place? The Supreme Court rules on a case. An individual is found guilty during a trial. An individual appeals a sentence. A case is sent to the court of appeals.

An individual is found guilty during a trial.

Read the excerpt from the US Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. According to the excerpt, what is the role of Congress regarding religion? Congress cannot promote a religion. Congress cannot make disrespectful laws. Religious groups can only be formed by Congress. Religious groups must be governed by Congress.

Congress cannot promote a religion.

Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. This Fourteenth Amendment clause means that Congress cannot do anything in relation to the Fourteenth Amendment. all states have the authority to make laws to apply the amendment. all citizens will be subject to the same set of legal procedures. Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.

Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.

Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. This Fourteenth Amendment clause means that Congress cannot do anything in relation to the Fourteenth Amendment. all states have the authority to make laws to apply the amendment. all citizens will be subject to the same set of legal procedures. Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.

Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.

Which statement best describes what the Bill of Rights does for citizens' rights? It revises them. It limits them. It amends them. It guarantees them.

It guarantees them.

What was the important precedent set by the Gitlow v. New York case? The equal protection clause was dropped from the Fourteenth Amendment. The due process clause was dropped from the Fourteenth Amendment. First Amendment freedoms were incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment. Fourteenth Amendment rights were incorporated into the Fifteenth Amendment.

First Amendment freedoms were incorporated into the Fourteenth Amendment.

What is true of a non-denominational activity? It supports a particular religion. It does not support a specific religion. It operates on private property. It is separate from religious traditions.

It does not support a specific religion.

Why does Tinker v. Des Moines remain an important precedent-setting case? It protected all symbolic speech in war protests. It applied prior restraint in schools. It established speech rights for students. It stopped students from stating unpopular opinions.

It established speech rights for students.

Why was it decided to lower the voting age to 18 from 21? Not enough people were showing up to vote in elections. College students began to protest a lack of rights. It was unusual that 18-year-olds could be drafted but could not vote. Young people were the only group to not receive increased rights.

It was unusual that 18-year-olds could be drafted but could not vote.

State laws passed primarily in Southern states to restrict the voting rights of African Americans after the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment came to be known collectively as Jim Crow laws. Voting Rights Acts. Black Codes. Affirmative Action.

Jim Crow laws

Which is a main idea in the right to privacy? People can make their own lawful decisions. People can protect their property by any means necessary. People can decide if the government is intruding in their lives. People can keep any possessions without government intervention.

People can make their own lawful decisions.

Which of these provisions is part of the Eighth Amendment? Witnesses must appear in court. A speedy trial is required. Counsel must be provided. Reasonable bail must be set.

Reasonable bail must be set.

Which of these statements was implied by the decision in Brown v. Board of Education? Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority. Segregation often led to relatively equal opportunities. Segregation increased levels of personal determination. Segregation was the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority.

Senator Quintero donates money to his local church from his personal checking account. Senator Kleinman donates money from a federally funded account to her church. Based on this scenario, which senator is in violation of the establishment clause? They are both in violation because government officials are not allowed to donate to one religion Senator Quintero is in violation because he donated a large amount of money to the church. Senator Kleinman is in violation because she took the money from a federally funded account. Neither senator is in violation because they have the right to donate to any religious group.

Senator Kleinman is in violation because she took the money from a federally funded account.

What did Justice Brown's verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson state? It was against the law to segregate people based on race. Laws permitting separation are unconstitutional. Separation does not necessarily imply any inequality. Desegregation was the only option to solve this court case.

Separation does not necessarily imply any inequality.

Which is a main idea in the Ninth Amendment? Privacy rights must be respected, unless forbidden by the state law. Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected. Certain rights are included in the Constitution and should be protected. Some rights found in the Constitution should be denied in certain situations.

Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected.

Which type of rights are fundamental and belong to all citizens? substantive rights procedural rights unenumerated rights civil rights

Substantive rights

What was the Supreme Court's decision in Barron v. Baltimore in 1833? The city of Baltimore owed Barron payment for damages The Bill of Rights did not apply at the state level. Naturalized citizens were guaranteed equal rights. The city of Baltimore had violated the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Bill of Rights did not apply at the state level.

Which statement accurately describes the Fourth Amendment? The Fourth Amendment gives citizens the right to refuse a search under any circumstances. Police officers may seize anything they find suspicious. The Fourth Amendment describes the legal process for searches and seizures. A police officer can search someone's home, so long as a judge is present.

The Fourth Amendment describes the legal process for searches and seizures.

According to the ruling in New York Times v. United States, which best describes what the government had to prove for its censorship of the New York Times to have been acceptable? The articles would have had to indisputably threaten national security. The articles would have had to be harshly critical of the military. The articles would have had to reveal classified information. The articles would have had to support the enemy in wartime

The articles would have led to indisputably threaten national security.

The events surrounding Tinker v. Des Moines involved a school. Which statement best explains why the Supreme Court ruled in the students' favor? The events involved symbolic speech without disruption. The First Amendment always applies to issues of speech. The events involved controversial issues. The protest was an act of civil disobedience.

The events involved symbolic speech without disruption.

Though the outcomes of Schenck and New York Times differed, what did these decisions have in common? The government has a heavy burden to prove harm. The government can limit speech that causes harm. The government has unlimited power to limit speech. The government must follow the First Amendment.

The government can limit speech that causes harm.

Based on the Schenck v. United States case, when might it be acceptable for the government to restrict information released by the press? The government can never restrict information released by the press. The government can only restrict information when it could be harmful to an individual's reputation. The government can only restrict information released when practicing prior restraint. The government can only restrict information that could present an immediate threat to security or the public.

The government can only restrict information that could present an immediate threat to security or the public.

What does separation of church and state mean? Churches cannot make laws that violate state laws. The government cannot make laws based on religion. Churches are built a certain distance from state buildings. The government has to make separate laws for churches.

The government cannot make laws based on religion.

Which statement is true regarding the Twenty-sixth Amendment? Individual states could determine whether to give young people the right to vote. Any military veteran who had served in combat was given the right to vote. The government mandated that all youth over 18 were granted the right to vote. The minimum voting age for females remained at 21.

The government mandated that all youth over 18 were granted the right to vote.

In Tinker v. Des Moines, why did the Supreme Court rule in favor of the students who wore armbands? Their action did not negatively influence other students. Their action was not disruptive. Their action occurred off school grounds. Their action was political speech.

Their action was not disruptive.

According to the establishment clause, how would a government-funded museum posting of the Ten Commandments along with the history of religion and its beliefs and practices be viewed? The posting would be in violation of the clause because religious items cannot be put in public places. The posting would be in violation of the clause because the items relate to a particular religion. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because people willingly go to the historical museum. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because there is a learning purpose for the items.

The posting would not be in violation of the clause because there is a learning purpose to the items.

According to the Supreme Court, which of these most likely prompted the arrest of the protesters in Edwards v. South Carolina? The protestors supported an unpopular view. The protesters assembled in front of the statehouse. The protesters were a threat to public safety. The protesters marched without a permit.

The protestors supported an unpopular view.

For prior restraint to apply, what must the government prove about the speech in question? The speech must be libelous. The speech must present a general threat. The speech must present a clear and identifiable danger. The speech must be offensive.

The speech must present a clear and identifiable danger

A man walking down the street appears to have an illegal weapon. What can a police officer do? The officer must immediately go before a judge to obtain a search warrant. With reasonable cause, the officer can stop this individual and frisk him. With reasonable cause, the officer can arrest the individual without reading the Miranda warning. Nothing. The officer cannot stop anyone based on appearance alone.

With reasonable cause, the officer can stop this individual and frisk him.

Which statement best represents a result of the Nineteenth Amendment? Women may vote only if they pay a poll tax. Women have been elected to government offices. Women may vote, but are not eligible to run for public office. Women can run for office, but cannot actually be elected.

Women have been elected to government offices.

Which term is defined as "promoting minority inclusion in educational and employment opportunities"? desegregation separate but equal legislation affirmative action

affirmative action

When was the Fifteenth Amendment ratified? after the Civil War after World War I during the civil rights movement during segregation

after the Civil War

Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. [N]or shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. This clause ensures that anyone can enforce the law as long as they are citizens. all states follow similar rules and legal processes. any state can deprive its citizens of due process. all non-citizens are not covered by due process.

all states follow similar rules and legal processes.

The exclusionary rule states that if evidence is found during an illegal search, it must be destroyed immediately. cannot be admitted as evidence in court. can be admitted into court anyway. cannot be admitted into court unless a judge agrees.

cannot be admitted as evidence in court.

The Fifth Amendment protects citizens against self-incrimination, which means that citizens are probably guilty on all counts. cannot be forced to testify against themselves. can ask the judge to issue a warrant. have been denied due process.

cannot be forced to testify against themselves.

Read the following scenario. Jacob Smith is an African-American man in his fifties. He heads to a local restaurant for dinner and is told by the hostess that he is going to have to sit on "that side" of the establishment, as she gestures to a part of the restaurant where only other African-Americans are sitting. Mr. Smith feels offended and leaves the restaurant. Based on passage of the Civil Rights Act, what is Mr. Smith's best recourse? calling the local police to investigate violations of local law. contacting the Justice Department about a potential discrimination lawsuit. asking the restaurant's manager to stop segregating customers. demanding the Census Bureau send him data about the restaurant's typical customer base.

contacting the Justice Department about a potential discrimination lawsuit.

In Duckworth v. Eagan (1988), the Supreme Court held that the police had been too harshly burdened by the Miranda decision and no longer had to follow it. could create their own Miranda warning if it communicated the same message. did not need to read the Miranda warning if they considered a suspect to be dangerous. could create any warning they chose so long as they got a conviction.

could create their own Miranda warning if it communicated the same message.

The impact of Furman v. Georgia (1972) was that states had to promise to use the death penalty only with approval from the Supreme Court. throw out the old Miranda warning and write a new one. agree to throw out all state laws regarding crime and impose national standards. create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty.

create clear standards to be applied fairly before imposing the death penalty.

The Supreme Court's decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade were most important because they restricted state laws governing privacy. gave a new definition to personal privacy. limited privacy to the control of the body and of family life. included the right to the privacy of personal property

gave a new definition to personal privacy.

The Sixth Amendment ensures a citizen's right to worship freely. vote. have a fair trial. bear arms.

have a fair trial

In Furman v. Georgia (1972), William Furman appealed his death sentence for domestic violence. murder. drunk driving. assault.

murder.

Civil liberties are related to which fundamental kind of rights? substantive rights natural rights civil rights procedural rights

natural rights

When the Supreme Court rules on a case, how many opinions might be written to explain the verdict? one: the majority opinion two: the majority opinion and the dissent nine: all justices can write an opinion, but only the majority opinion can be used in future cases nine: all justices can write opinions that can be cited in future cases but only majority opinions are considered law

nine: all justices can write opinions that can be cited in future cases but only majority opinions are considered law