unit 3 review

exporing,imported

King Georgia II hoped that the new colony would help bring economic prosperity to Britain The goal of colonial mercantilism was to bring a favorable balance of trade by _____ more good than were imported.

Musgrove

Mary, (1700-1763)- Creek Indian woman who served as the translator for James Oglethorpe and Yamacraw Chief Tomochichi.

Ebenezer

The Salzburgers were German Protestants who came to Georgia seeking religious freedom and settled in a town called _____.

1732

The date King George II granted the charter (official document) for the colony, to be called Georgia, was in the year of ____

Savannah

The first capital of Georgia; founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe on Yamacraw Bluff.

Liquor / Rum

These dealers could not come to the colony.

Lawyers

These workers could not come to the colony.

Catholics

This religion could not come to the colony.

Slavery

This was illegal in the colony.

Trustees

Twenty-one ______ were named responsible for the new colony of Georgia Under the Charter of 1732

John Reynolds

first royal governor; established a new representative government in Georgia; very unpopular with the people.

Highland Scots

known for being good soldiers; they were anti-slavery; settled in Darien, GA and helped Oglethorpe in the Battle of Bloody Marsh.

British,Spanish

Another goal of the new colony was to be a military defense buffer between the ____ colonies and the _____ in Florida.

mulberry trees

Each Georgia settler was required to use a portion of their land to grow _____ _____ in the hopes of producing silk.

Trustee period

(1732-1751)- the time period when Georgia was governed by the trustees. The trustees created many regulations during the time period, including a ban on slavery, liquor and liquor dealers, lawyers, and Catholics.

French and Indian War

(1754-1763)- a war between England, France, and their Native American allies for control of North America. The English won the war and gained large area of North American from the French. The war did not affect Georgia directly but the Georgia colony gained land after the conclusion of the conflict.

Battle of Bloody Marsh

(July 7, 1742)- the decisive battle during the War of Jenkins Ear where the Georgia colonists stopped a Spanish invasion of St. Simmons Island. After this battle Spain never physically attacked Georgia again.

Royal period

(colony)-the royal period in Georgia beginning in 1752 after the trustees gave authority of the colony to the king. The royal period lasted until the Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution in 1783.

Trustee

- An individual or organization which holds or manages and invests assets for the benefit of another. A group of 21 men who established the colony of Georgia. Of the group, only one, James Oglethorpe, came to the colony.

Royal governor

- Governor appointed by the English Monarch to run a colony. Georgia had three royal governors. They were John Reynolds, Henry Ellis, and James Wright.

Savannah

- The first capital of Georgia; founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe.

War of Jenkins Ear

- a conflict between England and Spain over naval rights. The war was named after Captain Robert Jenkins who had his ear cut off by the Spanish and showed his severed ear to the British Parliament. The world wide conflict made its way to Georgia where the Spanish and English fought in the New World. James Oglethorpe made two unsuccessful attempts to capture St. Augustine and the Spanish failed to capture Georgia.

Yeomen farmer

- a freeman who owned his own land

Salzburgers

- a group of Protestants from Austria who were invited to settle in Georgia due to religious persecution they were experiencing in Europe; established the towns of Ebenezer and New Ebenezer; were some of the most successful colonists.

Malcontent

- a group of colonists who complained about the trustee regulations for the Georgia colony; primary complaint was the ban on slavery and rum. Eventually the malcontents got their way as liquor and slavery were allowed in Georgia in the 1750s.

Highland Scots

- from the Highlands of Scotland and known as some of the best fighters in Europe in the 1700's. James Oglethorpe brought a group to Georgia to serve as soldiers for the colony. The Highland Scots founded the town of Darien.

Defense

- one of the reasons for Georgia's founding. See buffer colony.

Charity

- one of the three reasons for Georgia's founding. James Oglethorpe and the trustees hoped to bring debtors and England's "worthy poor" to the colony to begin new lives. However, no debtor was ever released from debtors' prison to come to Georgia.

Economics

- one of the three reasons for Georgia's founding. The English hoped that Georgia would be able to produce wine, rice, silk, and indigo.

Charter of 1732

- the document that formally established the colony of Georgia; outlines the reasons for Georgia's founding and the regulations set up by the trustees.

Mulberry Trees

- used in the production of silk. The silk worms were placed on the trees and used the leaves as food. The Georgia colonists were required to set aside a portion of their land to grow the trees.

Tomochichi

- was the Chief of the Yamacraw Indians. Tomochichi befriended James Oglethorpe and allowed him to establish the colony of Georgia on Yamacraw territory.

Buffer Colony

-one of three reasons for Georgia's founding; colony was to serve as a defensive buffer between Spanish Florida and the successful English colony of South Carolina.

Trustee

An individual or organization which holds or manages and invests assets for the benefit of another. A group of 21 men who established the colony of Georgia.

Slaves

By the time Georgia's charter ended, in 1752, about 1/3 of Georgia's population was made up of _______.

Tomochichi

Chief of the Yamacraw Indians; he allowed the Georgia colonists to build the city of Savannah on Yamacraw bluff overlooking the Savannah River.

Charity

James Oglethorpe and the trustees hoped to bring debtors and England's "worthy poor" to the colony to begin new lives.

Oglethorpe

James, (1696-1785)- one of the 21 members of the trustees who established Georgia; only trustee to come to the colony and served as the de facto military and governmental leader of the colony.

Militia

Oglethorpe trained a small _____, or citizen army, to defend the new settlement.

Economics

The English hoped that Georgia would be able to produce wine, rice, silk, and indigo.

Wine,Silk,Indigo

The Georgia colony was expected to produce _____,_____, and _____ so that Great Britain would no longer have to import these items from France, Russia, and Spain.

Salzburgers

The ____ were German Protestants who came to Georgia seeking religious freedom and settled in a town called Ebenezer.

Tomochichi

The chief of the Yamacraw Indians was named ____, and he gave the colonists land for Georgia's first settlement.

squares

The city of Savannah was designed by Noble Jones, William Bull, and James Oglethorpe and was divided into blocks with open town ____ in the center for social, political, and religious gatherings.

Defense

The colony was to serve as a defensive buffer between Spanish Florida and the successful English colony of South Carolina

James Oglethorpe

_____ _______ led the trustees in obtaining Georgia's charter and colonizing Georgia as a place to help England's debtors have a new start in life

War of Jenkins Ear

a conflict between England and Spain over naval rights

Malcontents

a group of colonists who complained about the trustee regulations for the Georgia colony; primary complaint was the ban on slavery and rum

Salzburgers

a group of hard-working Lutherans from Austria seeking freedom from religious persecution; established the towns of Ebenezer and New Ebenezer; were some of the most successful colonists

Royal Governor

appointed by the English Monarch to run Georgia: John Reynolds, Henry Ellis, and James Wright

Why Settle Geogia?

charity, economics, and defense

James Wright

final royal governor; acquired millions of acres of land through peaceful negotiations with the Cherokees, granted colonists the right to own more land, and led Georgia through a time of great prosperity (both economically and population)

Incentives

financial and nonfinancial factors that motivated potential colonists to come to Georgia: 50 acres of land, agricultural tools, and enough food for one year

slavery

legalization occurred in 1750 becoming the backbone of Georgia's economy to help plant/harvest all the cash crops

James Oglethorpe

one of the 21 members of the trustees who established Georgia; only trustee to come to the colony and served as the de facto military and governmental leader of the colony

Royal Colony

period in Georgia beginning in 1752 after the trustees gave authority of the colony to the king lasting until 1783

Henry Ellis

second royal governor; was popular with the colonists, listened to public opinion and established good relations with the Creeks, and showed colonists how to govern themselves (budget, taxes, and defense)

Mary Musgrove

served as an interpreter between Oglethorpe and Tomochichi

Debtor

someone who owed more money to creditors than they had. In 18th Century England, creditors could have those who owed them money that could not pay it back immediately placed in debtor's prisons. James Oglethorpe had a friend who died in a debtors' prison and fought for prison reform in England.

Battle of Bloody of Marsh

the decisive battle during the War of Jenkins Ear where the Georgia colonists stopped a Spanish invasion of St. Simmons Island. After this battle Spain never physically attacked Georgia again

Charter of 1732

the document that formally established the colony of Georgia; outlines the reasons for Georgia's founding and the regulations set up by the trustees; signed by King George II

Trustee Period

the period of 20 years when Georgia was governed by the trustees. There were many regulations during the time period, including a ban on slavery, liquor and liquor dealers, lawyers, and Catholics.