Unit 3 Review

What is the green pigment that traps energy from sunlight called?

chlorophyll

Muscle cramps are caused from a lack of oxygen and build up of ________ during anaerobic respiration.

Lactic Acid

The Calvin cycle is another name for

Light-independent reactions

Photosynthesis is to chloroplast as cellular respiration is to

Mitochondria

Which type of cells in the body are most likely to lack the oxygen need for cellular respiration and begin the process of anaerobic respiration as a source of energy?

Muscle cells

Which of the following accurately describe the differences in glucose and ATP?

One molecule of glucose stores more energy than one molecule of ATP, The bonds in glucose can store energy long-term, but the bonds of ATP store energy short-term

The framework of organic molecules essential to all organisms is composed mainly of carbon atoms. Which TWO processes are involved in the cycling of carbon (as in CO2) within an environment?

Photosynthesis , Cellular Respiration

Which statement describes a characteristic of aerobic respiration?

Produces a total of 36 molecules in ATP

How is energy made available to the cell to move large starch molecules across the membrane through the process of endocytosis?

Removing a phosphate from ATP

Muscle cells contract as actin filaments slide across the surface of myosin filaments, causing the ends of the muscle cells to pull together. This process requires energy in the form of ATP. Which process explains how energy is made available for muscle contraction

Removing a phosphate ion from ATP

The oxygen cycle and the carbon cycle are connected by two important life processes. One of these, photosynthesis, releases molecular oxygen (O2) into the oxygen cycle. Which of the following life processes has an important role in releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) into the carbon cycle?

Respiration

All organisms undergo some form of cellular respiration. What is the purpose of this process?

To convert glucose into cellular energy

Why do plants have mitochondria?

To release energy stored by glucose

Why are the reactions in the Calvin Cycle called "light-independent"?

Because these reactions do not take place in the presence of sunlight

Which of these is NOT part of aerobic cellular respiration?

glycolysis

Which of the following is produced by the Calvin cycle?

high-energy sugar

Which of the following is NOT true about ATP?

used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste

The binding of sodium ions (Na+) to a membrane protein is one of the first steps in initiation of sodium-potassium pump that moves these ions across the membrane.

ATP attaches to the protein and releases a phosphate, making energy available to change the shape of the protein and allowing the passage of the Na+

Which of the following organisms can convert sunlight energy into chemical energy?

An oak tree, A tomato plant

What is a product of the Calvin Cycle?

sugars

Photosynthesis produces

Glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water, and light energy

An ATP molecule consists of

3 phosphates, a ribose sugar, and an adenine molecule

Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce

36 ATP molecules

Which of the following shows the correct net equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2+ 6H20-> C6H1206 + 602

Which of the following groups of organisms uses cellular respiration in mitochondria to produce ATP for their energy needs?

Eukaryotes

Which of these is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?

Fermentation

If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant's environment, what would you expect to happen to its production of high-energy sugars?

Fewer sugars will be produced

What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?

Glucose and oxygen

When oxygen is present, we call that _____ respiration.

aerobic respiration

If a student is conducting a photosynthesis experiment, which part of the plant should she use to obtain a sample of chloroplasts?

leaves