Unit 3 Study Guide

If a parent cell has 22 chromosomes, the daughter cells following meiosis II will have?

11

If a parent cell has a diploid number of 18 chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have?

18

Understand the correct order of the phases of the interphase

G1, S, G2

At what stage in the cell cycle will the organelles double?

In S phase of interphase

Understand the complete process of meiosis I and II

Meiosis I is the number of cells is doubled but the number of chromosomes is not. Meiosis II is like mitosis

During interkinesis, is there replication of DNA?

No DNA replication happens in interkinesis

Understand the correct order of the phases of meiosis I

PMAT

Understand the correct order of the phases of meiosis II

PMAT

Understand the correct order of the phases of mitosis

PMAT

What is Fertilization and what does it restore?

The fusion of a haploid male gamete (spermatozoa) and a haploid female gamete (ovum) to form a diploid cell, the zygote. It restores the diploid number of chromosomes

When does interkinesis occur?

a second growth phase that occurs between the two divisions of meiosis I and meiosis II.

At what phase in mitosis do the duplicated chromosomes separate and move toward opposite poles?

anaphase

What phase of mitosis does the spindle fibers pull and separate duplicated chromosomes?

anaphase

what is apoptosis and does it play an important role in preventing cancer?

apoptosis is programmed cell death. apoptosis eliminates cells that are defective and prevents the division of these defective cells thus preventing possible cancer.

What occurs during prophase of Mitosis?

chromosomes condense and become visible. spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes. nuclear envelope breaks down. nucleolus disappears.

What process does genetic variation in organisms get produced by?

crossing over and independent assortment

At the end of meiosis II, what cells are left and are they haploid or diploid?

haploid

If a diploid parent cell undergoes meiosis, what types of cells are left once the process is complete?

haploid cells

What happens in anaphase I of meiosis?

homologous chromosomes separate

At what phase of Mitosis does the spindle fibers attach to the sister chromatids?

metaphase

What forms after cytokinesis in plants cells?

new cell wall

Does Telophase I and Telophase II yield the same number of cells?

no telophase I produces 2 and telophase produces 4

A crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between what kind of chromatids?

non sister chromatids

What is the significance of the G1 checkpoint?

prevents cells from replicating damaged DNA

where and what phase does crossing-over take place

prophase I

Which cell cycle regulator acts as the gas pedal of the cell cycle as they cause cells to continue through the cell cycle?

proto-oncogene

Do Sister chromatids have identical DNA sequences?

sister chromatids have identical DNA sequences.

At what phase of Mitosis will the daughter cells form and nuclear envelope reappear.

telophase

Which cell cycle regulator acts as the brakes of the cell cycle and prevent cells from dividing too quickly?

tumor suppressor genes

After a diploid parent cell undergoes mitosis, what type of cells are left once the process is complete?

two identical daughter cells

What is cancer?

uncontrolled cell division

After mitosis is complete, are parent and daughter cells are identical?

yes

Does a cleavage furrow occurs before cytokinesis is complete?

yes

Is there active growth of a cell during interphase?

yes

does mitosis occur in both plant and animal cells?

yes

does the centromere divide during mitosis?

yes