Unit 3 Test - Psy 100

As John was leaving the rock concert, he was unable to hear his friend talking next to him in the normal conversational tone of _____decibels because the music had been well over 130 decibels.

60

Estelle remembers a night she was mugged and brutally beaten. This memory probably involves not only her hippocampus but also her _____because of the emotional nature of the event.

amygdala

Five-year-old Arianna is frightened by the noise thunder makes. Arianna associates lightning with thunder because lightning always precedes thunder. Thus, when Arianna sees lightning, she often cries in anticipation that she will hear thunder soon afterward. This is an example of _____conditioning.

classical conditioning

Which sequence correctly arranges the structures of the inner ear from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific?

cochlea, basilar membrane, hair cells

Damage to the _____would MOST likely interfere with a person's ability to form new memories of a family vacation trip.

hippocampus

Virtual twins are:

same-age children adopted as infants and raised as siblings.

_____is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular sensory stimulus 50 percent of the time.

Absolute threshold

Talia is 45 years old. She has started to notice that newspaper print is too small for her to read. Talia needs reading glasses because the lenses of her eyes are less able to adjust, or _____.

Accomodate

_____is the process of learning associations.

conditioning

A person's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills is referred to as _____intelligence.

crystallized

Dan wanted to train his dog, Rocket, to come to him when called. Every time Dan called Rocket and he came, Dan would give him a treat and pet him. Soon Rocket would come every time he was called. Which type of learning is Dan using?

operant conditioning

Animals and humans learn about the consequences of behavior through:

operant conditioning.

Most learning involves the process of association. In classical conditioning, an organism comes to associate:

two stimuli.

The _____sense is the sense of the head's movement and position, including the sense of balance.

vestibular

Which is NOT an example of learning?

A woman reflexively pulls back her hand from a hot burner.

The amount of energy in a light wave—its intensity—is perceived as _____.

Brightness

In the _____effect, the last items in a list are better remembered than the middle items in a list.

recency

_____intelligence is defined as the know-how involved in interpersonal situations and in managing oneself successfully.

social

Current understanding of pitch perception indicates that:

some combination of place and frequency theories seems to handle the pitches in the intermediate range.

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative viewpoint is called _____

stereotype threat

Kiara excels at gymnastics, especially at balance-beam routines. Her skill depends in large part on her _____sense.

vestibular

test measures a person's capacity to learn

aptitude

The _____is the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye.

blind spot

Understanding money and time are examples of _____skills.

cenceptual

Manny suffers from diabetes and lost his vision two months ago. He experiences phantom sights called:

hallucinations

, whereas a(n) _____test measures what a person has already learned.

achievement

When Loretta uses knowledge that was acquired through experience, she probably relies MOST heavily on her _____intelligence. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

crystallized

Kirsten is trying to remember events from her life as an 18-month-old. However, as hard as she might try, she has no conscious memory for anything that occurred before her third birthday. This is likely due to the fact that the _____in her brain was NOT fully developed at that age

hippocampus

a fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli. For a few tenths of a second, our eyes register a picture-image memory of a scene, and we can recall any part of it in amazing detail.

iconic memory

Dorothy is off to see the wizard of Oz. She perceives that the Yellow Brick Road converges to a point way off in the distance because of the depth cue of:

linear perspective.

Bees can see ultraviolet light, but cannot see the color red. This means that bees cannot see:

long wavelengths.

The process that occurs when memories that are temporarily stored in the hippocampus migrate for storage elsewhere in the brain is called:

memory consolidation.

In terms of vision, _____is the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or inverted visual field.

perceptual adaptation

Both _____and _____ indicate how experiences help to construct perception.

perceptual set; context

A psychic claims he can predict the future. This is known as _____.

precognition

Affecting physical events or objects with one's mind is called:

psychokinesis.

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters is called the _____.

pupil

Although Jordan cannot recall the exact words of a poem he heard recently, he clearly remembers the poem's meaning. This BEST illustrates the importance of:

semantic encoding.

There is no scientific support for extrasensory perception. With respect to the distinction between sensation and perception, that means that:

sensation is necessary for perception.

Females tend to outscore males on which of these skills?

spelling, emotion detecting, and verbal frequency

Rachel's friend disappointed her, and she tells another friend, "That friend is really unreliable. She doesn't care about people's feelings." Later, when Rachel's friend apologizes and does something kind, Rachel tells a friend, "That friend is always so nice to me!" This alteration of perception is BEST explained by:

state-dependent memory

Judith suffers from painful arthritis. Judith's physician gave her medication to help ease her pain. The medication Judith was given contained water, rather than actual medicine. However, Judith reported that her pain reduced. The BEST explanation for this is that:

the medication dampened the central nervous system's attention and response to her back pain.

Jane often studies Spanish and French back to back right after school. She might have trouble remembering the different vocabulary because she is not minimizing _____.

Interference (Proactive,Retroactive)

As one walks into a brightly lit room, the black structure in the center of one's eye seems to shrink to a tiny black dot. This response is caused by the action of the eye structure called the:

Iris

"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select—doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors." Which psychologist made this statement?

John B. Watson

Zac and Nina are studying for a psychology test. Zac states that heritability refers to the extent to which genes are responsible for an individual's level of a particular characteristic is genetic. Nina disagrees, stating that heritability refers to the extent to which genes are responsible for variation among individuals in a particular characteristic. Which of these students is correct?

Nina

Pauline is learning how to play badminton. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving the birdie while Pauline patiently watches. Pauline then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and motions made by her instructor. This is an example of _____learning.

Observational Learning

Some stroke victims lose the capacity to perceive motion but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors. Others lose the capacity to perceive colors but retain the capacity to perceive movement and form. These peculiar visual disabilities BEST illustrate our normal capacity for:

Parallel Processing

The volley principle is most relevant to understanding how one senses:

Pitch

The place theory is specialized to detect _____sounds and the temporal theory is specialized for _____ sounds.

high-frequency; low-frequency

_____is the ability to perceive future events.

Precognition

What are the three main colors in our eyes (Retina)?

Red, Blue, Green

Which statement BEST describes the relationships between the WAIS and WISC?

The WAIS is used to test adult intelligence, whereas the WISC is used to test children's intelligence.

To what extent can the temporal and place theories explain the perception of high- and low-pitched sounds?

The temporal theory cannot explain the perception of high-pitched sounds.

The local fire department sounds an alarm. The conversion of the siren's sound waves into neural impulses exemplifies the process of:

Transduction

The intelligence test developed by Alfred Binet is closely tied to the idea of:

a general intelligence factor.

If intelligence is a unitary mental ability rather than a group of separate abilities, factor analysis should reveal:

a single cluster of mental abilities.

Visual information is processed by ganglion cells _____it is processed by rods and cones and _____ it is processed by bipolar cells.

after; after

An aptitude test measures a person's capacity to learn, whereas a(n) _____test measures what a person has already learned. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

aptitude

Damage to the basilar membrane is MOST likely to affect one's:

audition

Stacy is participating in a local psychology experiment in which the research assistant asks Stacy to hold two pencils in front of her and touch the tips together. She then asks Stacy to do this with one eye closed. Stacy finds this terribly difficult, which demonstrates the importance of:

binocular cues.

Fluid intelligence _____with age. Crystallized intelligence _____ with age.

does not decline, decline

From another room, Amanda called out to Juan to ask where he had put the car keys. At first, Juan thought he had not heard what Amanda had asked. A second later, the question registered in his mind and he answered, "On the bedroom dresser." A specific type of sensory memory called _____memory can explain this phenomenon.

echoic

Lonnie is waiting for Brandon to arrive at a café for an afternoon coffee date. They have not been out together one-on-one yet; this is a prelude to a real first date in the evening and with dinner. Lonnie has made sure to order Brandon hot rather than iced coffee, and he's seated at a booth rather than a rickety chair or stool. These choices MOST likely reflect Brandon's knowledge of:

embodied cognition

Denise wears an extremely bright safety yellow sweatshirt when she cycles to the gym after dark. The sweatshirt's brightness reflects the _____of the light it reflects.

high amplitude

When Bill studies for an exam he reads the textbook, stops to think about the material, and then takes a practice exam. According to the information-processing model, Bill is actively:

encoding, storing, and retrieving.

Pavlov's dog stopped salivating to the tone when the food was no longer paired with the tone. This is an example of _____.

extinction

Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they heard the news of the Sandy Hook school shootings in Newtown, Connecticut, in 2012. This BEST illustrates _____memory.

flashbulb

Barry attempts to solve an abstract word problem that he has never seen before. He is given three minutes to come up with the solution. Barry MOST likely relies on his _____intelligence to complete the task.

fluid

Which choice pairs a brain structure or region with the correct memory system?

frontal lobes—explicit memory

John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner found that Little Albert's conditioned fear was elicited not only by a rat but also by a number of similar objects. Little Albert's behavior BEST illustrates stimulus:

generalization

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is enhanced by the neurotransmitter:

glutamate.

The color afterimage effect can be explained by the color-opponent system, in that _____cells are inhibited by _____ cells.

green; red

The sense of _____is called audition.

hearing

Marty and Becky are in the mood to have a hamburger for lunch. Marty wants to grill the hamburger outside instead of cooking it on top of the stove because he says he likes the taste of a grilled hamburger more than one cooked on top of the stove. The difference in taste Marty prefers is actually caused by the smell of the charcoal embedded into the hamburger. This is an example of sensory _____.

interaction

The FBI is considering a new identification method. Instead of using old-fashioned fingerprints, they have decided to scan the eye's _____to confirm people's identity.

iris

As they are playing Ring Around the Rosie, some children are spinning around and around. When they stop they still feel as though they are spinning because their semicircular canals and _____receptors have not returned to their neutral state.

kinesthetic

Hammer, anvil, and stirrup are to hair cells as _____is to _____.

middle ear; inner ear

Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes each day, he recalls smoking little more than one pack per day. This poor memory BEST illustrates:

motivated forgetting.

Phantom limb sensations and other experiences of amputees show that the brain can produce pain in the absence of:

normal sensory input

When bits of information do not compete with each other, and actually facilitate memory, it is called _____.

positive transfer

According to Sternberg, _____intelligence is often required for everyday tasks, which are frequently ill-defined, with multiple solutions.

practical

In the _____effect, the first items in a list are better remembered than the middle items in a list.

primacy

During a Spanish language exam, Janice easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning. However, she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty BEST illustrates _____interference.

proactive

In _____interference, information learned earlier disrupts the recall of information learned more recently;

proactive

With respect to interference, _____is to forgetting new information as _____ is to forgetting old information.

proactive; retroactive

Mrs. Alvarez cannot consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would cause her too much anxiety. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates a defense mechanism called _____. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

repression

When one encodes a piece of target information, other bits of information become associated with it. The bits of information connected with the target information are known as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

retrieval-cues

in _____ interference, recently learned information disrupts the recall of information learned earlier.

retroactive

Playing Ring Around the Rosie, some children are spinning around and around. When they stop, they still feel as though they are spinning because their _____and _____ have not returned to their neutral state.

semicircular canals; kinesthetic receptors

Marc is driving his 12-year-old car. He notices a sound coming from the engine, which involves _____processing. He immediately starts thinking that the sound is similar to the sound his car made the last time he had it repaired, which involves _____ processing.

sensation; perception

One's ability to focus on informative changes in the environment is MOST directly supported by:

sensory adaptation.

In a movie the main character has to write everything on his body and take notes, otherwise he quickly forgets. This is because he has sustained an injury that has left him without _____memory.

short-term

Dennis, a nurse, notes that some parents of children with asthma respond to very small changes in their children's breathing, and seek care accordingly. However, other parents do not notice the same small changes. This type of difference in reaction to stimuli is BEST explained by the:

signal detection theory.

Which list contains items that all belong together?

skills, implicit memory, cerebellum, basal ganglia

With respect to the senses, _____is to head position as _____ is to body position.

the vestibular sense; kinesthesia

One concern about the concept of emotional intelligence, expressed by Howard Gardner and others, is that:

there is more to emotion than the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use it.

_____is an auditory phantom limb sensation.

tinnitus

Jay is 48 years old. He recently had his sight restored after 45 years of blindness. He could associate people with their distinct features (for example, hair color) but could not recognize their faces. He was also not good at judging the size of objects as their distance from him changed. His case suggests that:

vision is partly an acquired sense.