Unit 3/4 Sensation and Perception, AP Psychology

Even though it was nearly dark outside, Kaci could still tell that the basketball she was playing with was orange. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated in this example?

Color Constancy

The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the

blind spot

People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their

cones

In the figure above, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors

"D" - or Where The Retina is located

The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's

absolute threshold

A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's

difference threshold

A subliminal stimulus is a stimulus that

falls below the threshold for conscious detection

A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier hat it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the

location of the source

Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina

rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste?

sensory interaction

People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. That phenomenon best illustrates

top-downprocessing

The General function of the bones in the middle ear is to

transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval membrane

Balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called

Accommodation

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense

Being able to tell exact bodly postitions without looking at the body

Which of the following refers to the photoreceptors responsible for color vision

Cones - Cones receive colorful lights while rods receive black and white

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in impairment of the kinesthetic sense

Damage to the cerebellum

Which fo the following refers to the the just-noticeable differences between two stimuli?

Difference Threshold

Alicia has a condition in which tiny crystals break loose and randomly touch and bend the hair cells in her semicircular canals. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this condition?

Dizziness and loss of Balance

Which of the following is an example of shape constancy

Even though the angle from which she viewed the table had changed. Elsie still perceived the table as rectangular

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?

Gestalt principles of closure and continuity

Johns moves to a new job in a large urban area. For the first few days, John is continuously distracted by the sound of traffic and street noises. By the end of the first week, John barely notices the sounds of the city. Which of the following has occurred

Habituation

Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness

Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup

What monocular depth cue is illustrated in the figure above

Linear Perspective

In the dark, an object is more clearly seen hen viewed by your peripheral vision that when viewed directly . This phenomenon occurs b/c the rods located in the retina are

More sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea

Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off by specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement. Where in the visual system are these feature detectors located?

Occipital Cortex

The most common for of colon blindness is related to deficiencies in the

Red-Green System

Ana is instructed by her doctor to wear a patch over one eye while an infection heals. While wearing the patch, Ana will lose her ability to use which of the following depth perception cues?

Retinal disparity

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

Selective attention

Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?

Sensory adaptation

The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT

Smell

gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste EXCEPT

Spicy

Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal?

The Eardrum

Consider the relationship between various body parts and the size of their corresponding somatosensory cortex areas in the brain. How does a body part relate to the devoted cortical area?

The more sensitive the body part, the larger the area of the somatosensory cortex

The process of converting physical energy into a neutral code that can be processed is called

Transduction

Dizziness is most closely associated with which of the following senses?

Vestibular

One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely

an inborn distaste for bitter that protects us from potential poisons in the environment

The Gestalt Principle that refers to an individuals tendency to perceive an incomplete figure as whole is called

closure

IT can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster

is very sensitive to hot peppers

When viewed from the window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than do more distant objects. This cue for depth perception is called

motion parallax

Convergence is a binocular depth cue that is based on the

muscular tensions that occurs when the eyes turn inward

Receptors for olfaction are located in the

nasal cavity

Which of the following statements about the perception of taste is true

older adults frequently experience decreases in the sense of smell that make it more difficult to perceive the flavor of a food

The area labeled "A" contains the

ossicles

People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to the Muller-Lyer illusion that are people who live in environments without such angles and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that

people develop perceptual hypothesis based on experiences in their lives.

In visual perception, size constancy occurs as an object comes closer to the viewer because the

perceived distance of the object becomes smaller

Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people

switch their attention rapidly from task to task, so they miss critical information associated with a task that is not receiving attention

A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that

the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete

Negative afterimages are explained by

the opponent-process theory