Unit 4: Age of Napoleon

Battle of Trafalgar

- 1805 - A naval battle between the British and the France - A major victory for the British - The British are commandeered by Lord Horatio Nelson (dies in the mix of the battle)

Napoleon Bonaparte

- Born in 1769 on the French - controlled island of Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea. - When he is nine years old, his noble family sends him to military training school in Paris. - He is twenty years old when the Revolution begins and a lieutenant in the army. - The Jacobins declare war on many other European countries after they take control in France, including Prussia, Austria and Great Britain. Napoleon fights in these wars and makes a name for himself.

Elba

- Bourbon Dynasty; Louis XVIII begins to rule France (Louis XVI's little brother) - Napoleon is sent to live in _______

Napoleonic Code of Law

- Creates a new set of laws based on the enlightenment - It is a principle in that law code that all men are legal before the law (they don't consider race or class when a person is prosecuted) - Mentions religious freedoms (does not treat anyone different) - Advancement by merit (being really good at something that one does) rather than social standing

Reforms of Napoleon (Economy)

- Encouraged new business and industry

Reforms of Napoleon (Religious)

- Makes peace with the Catholic Church - Allows religious freedom in France

St. Helena

- The island where Napoleon is exiled - Dies there after living there for 6 years

Continental System

- While Great Britain controls the seas, Napoleon controls European lands - Closes down British cities to trade

Corsica

A Frech - controlled island where Napoleon was born

Hundred Days

The time of Napoleon's second reign

Scorched earth policy

The Russians burn all of their possessions and crops, so the French will not have access to them

Reforms of Napoleon (Education)

Creates a new school system regulated by the government

Reforms of Napoleon (Social)

Encourages the émigrés to return to France, but they have to swear loyalty to Napoleon

Guerilla warfare

a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military

Legacy of Napoleon

- Napoleon claimed to be a product of the Revolution, but in reality, he had far more power than the King ever did. - GOOD: The Napoleonic Legal Code, many more people were given the right to vote, much bette education system in France, freed serfs in lands that he conquered - BAD: He had too much power (more than the King did before the Revolution), never knew when to stop fighting wars, and ultimately his wars killed more people than the French Revolution did

Invasion of Russia

- Napoleon makes a big mistake with his empire - he doesn't know when to stop! He takes it too far by _________ in 1812 with 400,000 soldiers. - The Russians used Scorch Earth Policy - When the army makes it to Moscow, they find it empty - At the beginning of October, Napoleon orders a retreat (1000 miles they have to cover) - It's the winter that kills Napoleon's army and only 10,000 survived

Battle of Waterloo

- Napoleon returns and the King is furious; calls one of his new generals, Monteney and thousands of soldiers - Both armies meet, but the French army joined Napoleon because Napoleon and the general are good friends - The King flees Paris and Napoleon is once again emperor

Revolt in Spain

- Napoleon's brother, Joseph is a bad king - He takes away power from the Catholic Church - Because of his actions, he starts the revolt - The Spanish uses guerilla warfare (tactics). - Spain becomes a place where Napoleon is continuously sending soldiers

Nationalism

Extreme pride in one's nation - both helps and hurts Napoleon. It helps inspire his soldiers because they are proud to fight for France. However, it also inspires many of the peoples he now rules over to revolt. They see Napoleon as a foreign conqueror and want him out - they don't want to be ruled by a French guy when they aren't French!!