Unit 4 APUSH

The material assets of the North during the Civil War:

Became effective only in the long run.

The Civil War transformed race relations in the South as:

Blacks proved increasingly unwilling to play a subservient role.

The supporters of "free soil" in the territories made all of the following arguments EXCEPT that

Blacks should be granted equality and allowed to seek western lands.

"Exodusters" refers to:

Blacks who attempted to migrate to Kansas after they were emancipated.

In response to Fort Sumter:

Both North and South witnessed a tremendous outpouring of support.

The Compromise of 1877

Brought an end to Congressional Reconstruction.

All of the following are true of the Civil War EXCEPT

By the attack on Fort Sumter, the official beginning of the Civil War, all 11southern states had seceded from the Union

During the 1850s, William Walker was unsuccessful in his attempts to:

Capture and control new slave lands in Latin America.

The major differences between the compact theory of government the national theory of government is

Compact theory sees sovereignty anchored in the states rather than the people

All of the following are true of the Confederate war effort during the Civil War EXCEPT:

Confederate industry was never able to adequately supply Confederate soldiers with the armaments they needed to successfully fight the war.

In the Dred Scott case, the Supreme Court ruled that:

Congress could not ban slavery in a territory.

The Dred Scott decisions by the Supreme Court:

Congress could not ban slavery in a territory.

In his opinion on the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford, Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that

Congress had no right to regulate slavery in United States territories

In 1865 at the end of the Civil War, the southern states:

Contrasted starkly with the economic prosperity of the northern states.

In the Freeport debate against Lincoln, Stephen Douglas argued that slavery:

Could not exist without favorable local legislation.

A major scandal of the Grant Administration concerning railroad construction was the:

Credit Mobilier.

Southerners thought that European nations would recognize and support the Confederacy because of the Europeans'

Dependence upon southern cotton.

Northerners were offended by the provision of the Fugitive Slave Act which:

Designated a higher fee for commissioners deciding to return rather than free a fugitive.

The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Abraham Lincoln for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the:

Desire to undermine Democratic opposition to the administration.

In the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, Congress:

Divided the southern states into five military districts.

South Carolina seceded from the Union in late 1860 in reaction to the:

Election of a Republican candidate as president.

In February 1861, the original seceding states created a provisional government

Emphasizing the sovereignty of the states.

According to South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun, Congress lacked the power to:

Exclude slavery from the territories.

In the 60 years after the Constitutional Convention, compromise over questions relating to slavery had been possible because of the:

Existence of a two-party system with intersectional membership.

The New York City draft riots of 1863:

Exposed the racial and class antagonisms of northern society.

The biggest failure of Reconstruction governments was that they

Failed to change basic white attitudes in the South and they were unable to effectively reorganize the South's social structure.

In the years immediately after the Civil War, the majority of the members of Congress:

Feared the Republicans might lose control of the national government.

All of the following developments of the early 1850s seemed evidence of an aggressive, expansionist South EXCEPT the:

Formation of the Know-Nothing Party.

In the late nineteenth century the black leader who believed that black suffrage would eventually lead to full citizenship rights for blacks in the United States was:

Frederick Douglass

The Wilmot Proviso was most likely to be supported by

Free soilers

During the early years of the Civil War, the northern navy concentrated on:

Gaining footholds along the southern coast for a blockade.

All of the following factors contributed to the victory of the North in the Civil War EXCEPT that:

General Grant refused to sustain heavy casualties.

In the years immediately following emancipation, the freedmen:

Generally considered land ownership more important than political rights.

The battle that is considered to be the "turning point" of the Civil War and the last chance at a military victory by the Confederacy is

Gettysburg.

"Commanding considerable resources of patronage, Lincoln was able to line up... officials behind his party and administration." Patronage refers to:

Governmental favors.

As commander of the Union armies, General Ulysses S. Grant recommended a:

Grim campaign of annihilation, using the north's superior might to destroy southern armies and resources.

The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was important because it

Guaranteed equal protection under the law for American citizen.

Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election primarily because

He gathered overwhelming support in the highly populated Northern states while his three opponents divided the anti-Lincoln vote in the North, West, and South.

Secretary of State William Seward's purchase of Alaska from the Russians in 1867 was based primarily on

His realization that fishing rights in Alaskan waters would be a boon to American fisherman.

The Know-Nothing Party focused its effort almost exclusively on the issue of

Immigration

The Republican party appealed to Northerners by its support of all of the following EXCEPT: Immigration and trade restrictions.

Immigration and trade restrictions.

For his cabinet, Lincoln selected:

Important republicans form different factions of the party.

The casualties for the battle at Shiloh Church were enormous because of the:

Insufficient care of wounds on the battlefield.

Which of the following statements is true of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

It led directly to the formation of the Republican Party.

The Trent Affair was important because

It nearly led to British recognition of the Confederacy and war between Britain and the Union.

All of the following are true of the Compromise of 1850 EXCEPT:

It prohibited slavery in the lands acquired between the state of Texas and the territory of New Mexico should be ceded to New Mexico.

Which of the following statements is true of Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan?

It provided for the restoration of loyal governments for the erstwhile Confederate states now under Union control.

The battle between the Monitor and Merrimack was important because

It signaled the end of the wooden warship as the ultimate naval vessel ad marked the beginning of the age of iron/steel warships.

All of the following comments would apply to Uncle Tom's Cabin EXCEPT:

It was not widely read until ten years after publication.

The rejection of the Lecompton Constitution in 1858 meant that:

Kansas would remain a territory.

Which if the correct chronological order to illustrate a cause-and-effect relationship among the following events leading to the Civil War?

Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Election of Lincoln, South Carolina secedes

Radical abolitionist John Brown:

Led a massacre at Pottawatomie Creek.

During the Reconstruction Era, the movement for women's suffrage:

Led to a split in the women's movement.

Republican rule of the state governments in the South during Reconstruction:

Led to some desirable reforms.

According to the doctrine of "popular sovereignty," the decision whether to permit slavery in a territory would be made by the

Local territorial legislature.

Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to Zachary Taylor's victory in the election of 1848?

Long record of political participation and leadership.

John Brown's raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry and his subsequent trial and execution had the effect of

Making a martyr of John Brown and convincing many Southerners that secession from the Union was the only way they could prevent the increasingly abolitionist North from interfering with slavery in the South.

For the election of 1860, the Democrats:

Named two candidates in two separate conventions

The term "Seward's Folly" referred to Secretary of State William Seward's

Negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia.

By 1877 it was evident that among the groups who had been trying to "remodel" the U.S. that

Northern Republicans and Democrats had decided to allow the old plantation aristocracy to restore the traditional social and economic order in the south.

The primary underlying reason that Reconstruction ended in 1877 was that

Northern voters had grown weary of the effort to reconstruct the South and generally lost interest.

During Reconstruction, poor blacks and poor whites in the south:

Often became sharecroppers.

As a political leader President Grant could best be described as:

Often lacking in his judgment of others.

In attempting to regain control of the southern state governments during Reconstruction, southern Democrats

Often resorted to violence.

In an attempt to improve their condition after freedom, blacks during the Reconstruction period

Often worked through their churches.

During the Reconstruction period, northerners:

Only reluctantly supported the idea of giving blacks the right to vote.

In response to southern intransigence in the face of President Andrew Johnson's mild reconstruction plan, Congress did all of the following EXCEPT:

Order the arrest and imprisonment of former Confederate leaders.

Harboring presidential ambitions, Stephen Douglas hoped to win the support of southern Democrats by recommending that the Kansas and Nebraska territories

Organize on the basis of popular sovereignty.

Northerners responded to John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry and his subsequent trial with:

Outpourings of admiration and sympathy.

Members of the American Party feared Catholic immigrants of the 1840s and 1850s would:

Pay higher loyalty to the pope than to the president.

As a consequence of the Compromise of 1850:

Political parties realigned along sectional lines.

In the election of 1844,

Polk won a large election mandate for Manifest Destiny.

The Compromise of 1850 had the effect of

Positioning and evading, rather than resolving, the problems related to slavery in American Territories west of the Mississippi.

Jefferson Davis was observed by his contemporaries as too:

Preoccupied with details.

Abraham Lincoln took the Union into war against the Confederate States of America with the stated purpose of

Preserving the Union.

The majority of Republicans in the 1850s supported a government policy to

Prevent the expansion of slavery in the territories.

Organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan were organized in a number of Southern states after the Civil War for the purpose of

Preventing the former slaves from voting.

All of the following are true of the concepts of negative and positive liberty EXCEPT

Prior to the Civil War the primary definition of liberty had been tied to a positive liberty states' rights position

In the election of 1864, Democratic candidate George McClellan

Proclaimed the war a failure and demanded an armistice with the South.

The use of French military historian Henri Jomini's theories by Civil War officers:

Produced a ghastly crop of dead men.

In contrast to other wars involving American soldiers, the Civil War:

Proved most deadly in terms of American lives.

Andrew Johnson's plan for national reconstruction:

Proved to be very lenient toward the South.

During the Civil War, the Republicans passed legislation to:

Provide farmers access to the public domain.

In an overall analysis, Congressional Reconstruction for the freedmen:

Provided little economic security for blacks.

For American women, the Civil War:

Provided opportunities for government service.

In his raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia, John Brown intended to:

Provoke a general uprising of slaves.

In the history of Reconstruction, "redemption" refers to:

Recapture of control of the southern state governments by conservative white Democrats.

During the Grant administration, the Republicans:

Reduced their support for black voting rights in the South.

"Despite the sacrosanct notion of states' rights, the Confederate Congress passed the first conscription act in American history in March 1862." A sacrosanct notion would be one that is:

Regarded as sacred and inviolable.

"After Sumter, he swiftly called up the state militias, expanded the navy, and suspended habeas corpus." Habeas corpus refers to the legal procedure to:

Release a person from unlawful restraint.

Which of the following potential advantages in the Civil War did NOT measure up to the southern expectations?

Reliance on foreign aid.

At the end of the Reconstruction period, southern blacks, in general:

Remained economically dependent on southern whites.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854:

Reopened the question of slavery in the territories.

During the Reconstruction Era the "black codes":

Restricted the economic opportunities of the freedmen.

The election of a proslavery territorial legislature in Kansas in 1855:

Resulted from wholesale election fraud.

In speaking of "redemption" in a political sense, white Southerners of the Reconstruction era had reference to

Ridding the South of the Reconstruction governments.

In response to the crisis at Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln:

Sent a relief expedition of provisions only

Abraham Lincoln believed that:

Slavery should be placed on a course of ultimate extinction.

The Wilmot Proviso stipulated that

Slavery should be prohibited in the lands acquired as a result of the Mexican War.

During the period of Reconstruction, black political leaders in the South:

Sought mainly respect and equal opportunity for blacks.

In speaking of "scalawags," white Southerners of the Reconstruction era had reference to

Southerners who supported or participated in the Reconstruction regimes.

During the early 1950s, political parties lost influence because of the:

Standardization of various state political and economic procedures.

Following the Civil War most freed slaves

Stayed in the South & worked as sharecroppers

All of the following are true of the concept of liberty during the Civil War era EXCEPT

Stephen Douglas' definition was inclusive in that he believed that if you exclude any one group from freedom that would establish a very dangerous precedent whereby government could exclude anyone they wished at any time

At the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee:

Suffered losses so heavy that he could never mount another southern offensive.

The Republican governments that controlled the southern states during Reconstruction were:

Supported by some white southerners.

During and after the Civil War, the Republican party:

Supported policies that favored industrial development.

Lincoln's early actions as president indicated that he intended to:

Take responsibility for running his own administration.

Chief among those who wanted to provide economic support for the freedmen after the Civil War was:

Thaddeus Stevens

Historians often mark the July 1863 as a turning point in the Civil War. Which of the following pairs best supports that view?

The Battle of Vicksburg and Gettysburg

The Republican platform of 1860 called for support of all of the following EXCEPT:

The Dred Scott decision.

The demise of the Whig Party and the rise of the Republican Party resulted primarily from

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

The election of 1866 was critical in determining the outcome of Reconstruction because:

The Republicans won an overwhelming majority in both houses of Congress.

Which of the following factors came closest to giving the Confederacy what could have been a decisive foreign policy success during the Civil War?

The U.S. Navy's seizure of Confederate emissaries James M. Mason and John Slidell from the British mail steamer Trent

The overall strategic policy of the Union to destroy the Confederacy through a combination of constant pressure and slowly wearing down the South's ability to wage war was called

The anaconda plan

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

The ascension of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to the presidency in return for assurances that what was left of Reconstruction in the South would be ended.

Improvements in America's transportation system during the 1850s were primarily the result of

The expansion of the railroad network.

The key event that guaranteed Lincoln's reelection in 1864 was

The fall of Atlanta to General Sherman.

The main issue of the 1850s Free-Soil Party was that

The federal government should permit no further spread of slavery in the territories.

The Fifteenth Amendment o the Constitution guaranteed suffrage rights to blacks. Suffrage refers to:

The right to vote.

Which of the following is NOT a requirement set by the Reconstruction Act of 1867 for Southern states' readmission to the Union?

The state had to pay reparations and provide land grants to all former slaves

The establishment of transcontinental rail lines and the construction of America's massive rail network had all of the following effects EXCEPT:

They led to the rapid industrialization of the Old South following the Civil War.

All of the following statements Carl von Clausewitz would support EXCEPT:

To overthrow the South's political system required first a limited war followed by a negotiated peace.

The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in:

Unconquered parts of the Confederacy.

During the 1850s tobacco was grown primarily in the

Upper South states such as Virginia and Kentucky.

The provisions of the Compromise of 1850:

Upset the balance between free and slave states in the Union.

The Ostend Manifesto, a document intended to pressure Spain to sell Cuba to the United States, was:

Urged most by those who advocated the expansion of slavery.

In contrast to the North, the South relied more heavily on the:

Use of conscription to maintain their armed forces.

Congress impeached President Johnson for:

Violating the Tenure of Office Act

Andrew Jackson was impeached and nearly removed from office on the grounds of his

Violation of the Tenure of Office Act in removing Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.

The election of 1852 was characterized by:

Voter apathy and lackluster campaigns.

In providing aid to the blacks after the Civil War, the Freedman's Bureau

Was characterized by mixed success.

During the Civil War, the northern army:

Was first to use black troops for combat duty.

When President Andrew Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton without the approval of the Senate, contrary to the terms of the recently passed Tenure of Office Act, he

Was impeached and came within one vote of being removed from office.

In 1865, at the end of the Civil War, the Democratic party:

Was in shambles organizationally.

Placed in command of the Union armies in 1861, General George McClellan:

Wished to win the war "by maneuvering rather than fighting."

The largest civil disturbance of the nineteenth century occurred in New York City in early July 1963, as:

Workers opposed to the draft rioted for three days.

At the end of the Civil War, emancipated blacks:

often changed their manners toward whites to demonstrate their freedom.

In response to President Andrew Johnson's relatively mild reconstruction program, the Southern states did all of the following EXCEPT:

Attempt to reinstitute slavery.

The principle of "popular sovereignty" was

A central feature of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

In trying to establish a policy for reconstruction of the South after the Civil War:

A conflict arose between Congress and the president about which had authority in the matter.

Under President Johnson's plan for reconstruction, the southern state governments attempted to restore the power of the prewar planter aristocracy. Aristocracy refers to:

A small privileged class.

During the early years of the war in the East:

A stalemate developed as decisive victory eluded both sides.

The doctrine of nullification stated that

A state may repeal any federal law that it deems unconstitutional

In general, state governments in the South during Reconstruction

Accomplished some notable achievements, and were comparable in their effectiveness to the pre-Civil War government that preceded them.

President Johnson's opposition to Congress' plan for reconstruction forced moderate members of Congress into the radical camp. A radical is a person who:

Advocates sweeping changes.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created a firestorm of opposition because it

Allowed slavery north of the line agreed upon in the Missouri Compromise, effectively repealing it.

By the compromise of 1877 the Democrats agreed to allow the Republican candidate to become president in exchange for

An end to Reconstruction.

Following the secession of the Deep South in the winter of 1860-1861, most northerners:

Anxiously waited to see what president-elect Lincoln would do

In his famous "Freeport Doctrine" set forth in his debate with Abraham Lincoln at Freeport, Illinois, Stephen A. Douglas stated that

Any territory desiring to exclude slavery could do so simply by declining to pass laws protecting it.

Abraham Lincoln extended presidential powers during the Civil War in all of the following ways EXCEPT the:

Arbitrary veto of congressional legislation.

To secure Maryland for the Union, Lincoln:

Arrested and detained southern sympathizers.

Lincoln's policy toward slavery mirrored his war strategy in that

At the outset of the war he wanted to leave slavery alone due to the border states and thus fought a limited war He pursued gradual compensated emancipation before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation marked the beginning of total war and unconditional surrender since the South now realized it could never return to the Union with slavery intact Lincoln now realized that the nation could not be restored under theEmancipation Proclamation and thus the 13th Amendment became anecessity All of the above